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Background: Withania coagulans is one of the most important medicinal herbs due to its wide range of biological activities. The aim of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective activity of crude methanolic extract versus n- hexane fraction of fruit of Withania coagulans in CCl4 induced liver toxicity Methods: This study was done on 36 Balb c mice in Department of Anatomy of Khyber Medical College Peshawar. Results: The mean serum of Group 1(control Group) was 33.41±1.82U/L, for Group 2 (CCl4 treated Group) was 89.01±7.51 U/L, for Group 3(low dose Group) was 49.91±3.48 U/L and for Group 4 (High dose Group) was 50.86±4.87 U/L. There was significant difference in the readings of Group1 and Group 2 which indicated CCL4 induced hepatotoxicity in two groups. There was significant difference in the values of Group 3 and Group 4 (p-value .000), showing the hepatotoxicity in these Groups was further enhanced. The mean AST at the end of six weeks for Group1 was 26.80±3.21U/L, for Group 2 was 149.01±13.63U/L, for Group 3 (including both low doses) was 70.81±7.92U/L and for Group 4 (High doses group) was 51.01±11.05U/. Conclusion: Withania coagulans both fractions have hepatoprotective effect against CCL4 induced hepatic toxicity in high and low doses in Balb c mice.

An easy, verified spectrofluorimetric approach was established for the investigation of moxifloxacin in pure forms, pharmaceutical preparations, and biological fluids. The approach involves forming a binary complex of moxifloxacin and eosin Y in an acetate buffer with a pH of 3.6. The highest quenching of eosin Y with moxifloxacin occurs at 545 nm. Several factors, such as pH, buffer type and concentration, and eosin Y concentration, were carefully studied. The calibration graph showed a linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and moxifloxacin concentrations between 0.2 and 10 µg mL

The aim of the current study was to develop and evaluate the therapeutic potential of apocynin (APO) loaded pH-sensitive nanoparticles (NPs) based transdermal hydrogel for management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Slightly modified nanoprecipitation technique was used for preparation of polymeric nanoparticles. Optimization was done through design expert software. Optimized APO-NPs were loaded into carbopol-934 based hydrogel as final dosage form and further studied for physicochemical properties. Optimized APO-NPs formulation had a minimum particle size 63.44 nm, polydisperibility index 0.161, and zeta potential -15mV with a maximum encapsulation efficiency of 89%. In-vitro and ex-vivo studies of APO-NPs based hydrogel was performed at pH 5.5 (pH of normal skin) and 6.8 (pH of inflammed joint) showed a pH-responsive sustained drug release and increased penetration in comparison to free APO based hydrogel. The stability studies of APO-NPs based hydrogel were done to strengthen the potential use of the prepared formulation through transdermal route. Assessment and therapeutic efficacy of the prepared pH-sensitive nanocarriers system was evaluated in chronic inflammatory RA mice model. Parameters associated with chronic inflammation were investigated including behavioral changes and histopathological, and radiological x-rays images of joints of mice paws. In-vivo study depicts improvement in behavioral parameter, decline in synovial hyperplasia and bone structure restoration. In conclusion, APO loaded pH-sensitive NPs based transdermal is a promising carrier system that can effectively manage RA.

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the frequency of post-phototherapy rebound hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Background: Serum total bilirubin is rapidly reduced in newborn hyperbilirubinemia following intensive phototherapy. With this approach, there is a worry that the bilirubin level frequently rises slightly after stopping phototherapy, a condition called as rebound hyperbilirubinemia. In preterm newborns, those receiving phototherapy for fewer than 72 hours, and those whose Coombs test is positive, post-phototherapy rebound hyperbilirubinemia occurs most frequently. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in postnatal wards, NICU, Neonatal step down unit, and Pediatric wards at the Agha Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from July to December 2016. Using a consecutive sampling method, 178 neonates were included in the study. Data included basic demographic information, along with the gestational age, gender, mode of delivery, and details of phototherapy. Besides, frequency, percentages and descriptive statistics, we employed Chi square test of association considering p-value ≤0.05 as significant. Results: There were 50.6% male and 49.4% female neonates. Total 15.7% neonates were found with rebound hyperbilirubinemiaMean age was 66.21±53.92 hours. Mean length of stay in hospital was 3.14±2.08 days. Mean phototherapy duration was 37.90±6.52 hrs. Practical implication: this study is done to check for rebound hyperbilirubinemia in neonates after phototherapy. Conclusion: Our study found 15.7% neonates with rebound hyperbilirubinemia and was also found significant with age at admission, birth weight, and hospital stay length. Keywords: Post-Phototherapy, Rebound Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonates, prevalance

Scabies is a skin infection which is caused by pathogen Sarcoptes scabiei. It is a contagious disease which is transmitted from one to another person through direct contact but can also be transmitted due to sharing of things like towels, clothing etc. It was estimated that almost 300 million cases of scabies occur worldwide. It is characterized by itching, rash, sores and thick crusts on different body parts such as fingers, axilla, wrist, and genitalia etc. The burrow ink and handheld tests are mostly used to screen a large number of patients. The current study was conducted to analyze the 3 years trend of scabies epidemiology on Tehsil level in different health care units of District Abbottabad during January 2017 December 2019. During the study period total 44,569 cases were reported in District Abbottabad. Results have shown that Primary health care facilities have highest proportion of scabies (67.38%) and prevalence was highest during 2018 (37.90%). The Highest frequency (32%) of scabies occurred during summer with peak in July. Tehsil Abbottabad (67.21%) showed high prevalence as compared to Havelian (32.79%). Risk factors for scabies prevalence might be higher humidity, physical overcrowding, illiteracy, and low socioeconomic status. There is a positive association between number of cases of scabies, temperature, and humidity because these factors provide suitable conditions for parasite growth and their survival in human body. The current findings may help the government in making infrastructure for the health-care system development in future. Keywords: Scabies, Sarcoptes scabiei, Northern Pakistan

Over the past few years, computing points in cloud computing systems have begun to extend to terminal nodes in network infrastructure as more powerful and smarter devices become available. This extent to computing power has triggered a variety of terminology, including fog computers, Nano data centers, and cloudlets. Edge caching has aroused increased interest in research as mobile traffic grows rapidly and more traffic is devoted to serving content (as opposed to communication between end nodes). By placing popular content in the cache for edge servers that are closer to the end of the user, a wireless network can simultaneously achieve a smaller content delivery delay for the users and an improved spectrum and energy efficiency. Keywords: edge computing, fog computers, Nano data centers, machine learning algorithm

Transportation engineering play a vital role in the developing of a society and a country. It’s actually deal with the planning, designing, operating and managing different types of facilities for all modes of transportation to provide safe, convenient, comfortable, efficient and economical movement of people as well as goods. Due to the climatic variations and growth of traffic loading, road infrastructure faces number of serious failures such as rutting, stripping, fatigue cracking, bleeding etc. Maintenance of roads is necessary because roads lose its serviceability with passage of time. A lot of researches have been done to improve the quality of hot mix asphalt and to overcome problems associated with HMA. In current research polypropylene fibers were used as additive in asphalt concrete at different percentages i.e., 1%, 2%, 3% by weight of total mix. The main target of this study was to check the effect of polypropylene fibers on the rutting performance of HMA and also to check the response of fibers modified samples against moisture damage. For mixing of fibers with Hot Mix Asphalt “wet method” of mixing was adopted. For determination of OBC Marshall Mix Design was followed. Same OBC was used for control and fibers modified samples. Wheel tracker test and indirect tensile test were carried out for determination of rutting and moisture susceptibility of different mixes respectively. On the basis of rutting test result, it was revealed that adding 1% polypropylene fibers enhanced the ability of hot mix asphalt to resist rutting up to 14%, while for 2% and 3% fibers decrease in rutting resistance was noted which was 18% and 78% respectively. From the results of indirect tensile strength, it was observed that resistance to moisture damage is increases by increasing the quantity of fibers because it has maximum elongation and modulus as compared to bitumen. Keywords: Polypropylene Fibers, Wheel Tracker test, Indirect Tensile Test, Marshall Mix

Introduction: With increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome, sedentary lifestyle, and diabetes mellitus the burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is also increasing along with its complications including gallstone disease. That is why, this study aims to determine the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with the prevalence of gallstone disease and also, risk factors associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic cholelithiasis. Methods: A prospective study design was performed and during the data collection phase we have enrolled a total of 218 patients who were diagnosed as a case of NAFLD from Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad between the periods of 19 months from March 2019 to October 2020. Diagnosis of NAFLD was made using liver biopsy and cholelithiasis with ultrasound abdomen. Both males and females with a primary diagnosis of NAFLD were included in this study. Patients were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic gallstone disease and were further assessed for underlying risk factor associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic gallstone disease. Statistical package for the social sciences version 21 (SPSS) used for the entry of data and final analysis and a p value of

Gastro-retentive drug delivery systems plays a significant role in delivery of drugs with narrow absorption window by following plethora of versatile approaches such as high-density system, muco-adhesive system, low density system, super-porous hydrogels, and floating systems to enhance the bioavailability in upper part of stomach. The recent research work was focused on floating system in which different combination of polymers and lipids were used to synthesize the floating microparticles that remain buoyant over the gastric fluid for 24 hrs.Solvent diffusion evaporation method was adopted by using various polymers such as ethyl cellulose, stearyl alcohol, gelucire 43/01, Eudragit E100 and tween 80 as surfactant. Eudragit E100 was used in different concentrations to modulate the release pattern. Furosemide was selected as a model drug due to has narrow absorption window in GIT. Furthermore, characterization was carried out by analysis the percent recovery of microparticles, furosemide loading, in-vitro release studies, SEM, DSC, XRD, FTIR, particles size analysis, optical microscopy.Around 88% encapsulation efficiency of microparticles were obtained which was free flowing. Particle size of microparticles containing stearyl alcohol was from 363.3±120 to 400±204.41 µm and containing gelucire 43/01 was from 216±106 to 296.7±106 µm.Controlled drug release was accomplished by the addition of hydrophilic polymer Eudragit E100 which forms the pores on the surface of microparticles. In addition, pores on the surface of microparticles due to Eudragit E100 were assessed by SEM. DSC, XRD and FTIR confirmed the absence of drug polymer interaction and amorphous form of drug after encapsulation. Drug release kinetics was determined by applying the different models such zero-order model, first order model, higuchi and korsemeyer-pappas model. All formulations followed the korsemeyer-peppas model at 1.2 pH.In vivo study will be performed in future to accomplish better results regarding bioavailability of drug loaded microparticles.

Objectives: To compare outcome of conventional treatment of Pre labor rupture of membranes (PROM) with active treatment in term patients. Place and Duration: This study was Conducted in Family Medics Infertility and Maternity Centre Karachi from March 2022 till June 2022. Materials & Methods: We conducted a randomized control trial on 74 registered patients who presented to the labor room with term pregnancy and with the ruptured membranes at thirty-seven weeks or more gestation verified from the last normal menstrual period or a dating scan. Two groups were randomized as either spontaneous labor or active management by Prostin.37 patients presented in Prelabour rupture of membranes were examined as per departmental policy and left for spontaneous labor and 37 women were actively managed by inserting Prostin in the posterior fornix. Main Outcomes Measured: The outcome of interest was intervention vs .non intervention regarding timespan between PROM and initiation of labour in respective groups. Secondary outcome included patients who did not respond to either conventional measures or active treatment and required caesarian section. Results: The time duration between rupture membrane and initiation of labour was less in intervention group as compared to conservative group (6.40hrs vs. 5.03hrs).The rates with respect to normal delivery or caesarian section were same in test and control groups (27 pts. vs. 25 pts.). There was no statistically significant difference regarding complication in both the arms in study. (P-value=0.967) Conclusion: The results of our study showed that there are no differences in outcomes of conservative management of PROM with that of active management. However, patients managed actively in intervention group delivered earlier as matched with patients with spontaneous management. Keywords: Term pregnancy, PROM, Spontaneous vaginal delivery, Emergency Cesarean section. The Registration number of the study specified by the university is JSMU/IRB/2022/-601.

Introduction:One million children die each year from injuries around the world, with poisoning being the fourth most common cause.Children below five years are at an increased risk because of their exploratory nature and hand to mouth activity, accounting for 15% of accidental poisoning related deaths in this age group.A community oriented study that studiedthe national health survey of Pakistan reported that the incidence of accidental poisoning was 4.3% among children below five years. Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic factors affecting accidental toxic ingestion in children younger than five years at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Materials & Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the emergency Deptof the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistanbetween August 2016 to July 2017. Children with a history of accidental ingestion were included in the study. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square association was used employed using SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 97 children between the age group of 6 months – 5 years were enrolled, amongst 61 (62.88%) male. 74 (76.29%) children had unsafe storage of hazardous chemicals, 34 (35.05%) had large family size, 5 (5.15%), 3 (3.09%), and 3 (3.09%) of participants had lower socioeconomic status, uneducated, and rural residents respectively. Practical implication Conclusion: Awareness to parents regarding child protective strategies and usage of safe packaging in medicines may avoid accidental toxic ingestion. Keywords: Accidental poisoning, Socioeconomic Status, Education.

Objectives: To evaluate salicylidene salicylhydrazide (SCS) for any possible toxicological effects on male reproductive system in Albino male BALB/c mice. Study Design: Experimental study. Study Setting: Department of Histopathology, Khyber Medical College Peshawar and Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar were utilized for conducting this study. Period: July, 2020 to December, 2020. Material & Methods: Male BALB/c mice were daily administered with SCS at 5, 25, and 50 mg/kg for 7 and 14 days. The body and testes weights were measured and the testes were subjected to histological tissue processing techniques. Results: The extent of testicular toxicity was evaluated by using modified Johnsen scoring system for assessing the level of spermatogenesis, and morphometric analysis by measuring the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, thickness of germinal epithelium, and area of interstitial cells of Leydig. The body and testes weights showed that the various doses of SCS have no substantial effects after 7 and 14 days. The tested doses of SCS did not produce any distinguishable change in the normal histological features of seminiferous tubules and interstitium after 7 days. However, after 14 days, the 50 mg/kg dose of SCS was associated with vacuolization and loosening of germinal epithelium. These mild-to-moderate histopathological aberrations was confirmed from morphometric analysis in this dose group in which a decrease in the seminiferous tubules’ diameter and reduction in the thickness of germinal epithelium along with an increase in the interstitial area were observed. Conclusion: These findings concluded that SCS is considered to be relatively safe.

Cadmium oxide (CdO) and potassium (K) doped CdO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation method and were used as photocatalysts for the degradation of Eosin B dye. The X-ray diffraction results presented that the crystallite size of undoped CdO and K doped CdO NPs were 43.74 and 42.31 nm, respectively. The morphological study and percent composition of synthesized undoped CdO and K doped CdO NPs was done by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The formation of NPs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The precursor decomposition to CdO after annealing at ∼500 °C was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The undoped CdO and K doped CdO nanoparticles degraded about 80% and 90% of the dye, respectively, in 140 min. The maximum degradation efficiency of the dye was achieved at a pH of 4, dye initial concentration of 15 ppm, catalyst dose of 20 mg, and a temperature of 45 °C. The degradation efficiency observed for recovered undoped CdO and recovered doped CdO nanoparticles was found to be 63% and 77%, respectively.

This study aimed to examine the anti-diabetic effects of an unexplored medical plant Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder using in vitro and in vivo approaches. The extracts were tested as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase following standard protocols. Methanolic extract was analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for tentative identification of the secondary metabolites. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several compounds. α-Amylase was more potently inhibited by chloroform and methanolic extracts (27 and 40 µg mL−1, respectively), whereas α-glucosidase was more potently inhibited by methanolic extract (IC50 = 530 µg mL−1). Methanolic extract was also subjected to in vivo studies using an alloxan-induced diabetes rat model. Diabetic animals treated with 150 mg kg−1 body weight dose of methanolic extract cause a steady decrease in blood glucose levels (529.16, 446.66, 348.00, 269.33, and 165.5 mg dL−1, respectively, on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28). At 300 mg kg−1 dose, the blood glucose level was decreased to 111.83 mg dL−1 on day 28. Blood biochemistry results indicated that treatment with methanolic extract normalized the elevated parameters including cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, serum creatinine, blood urea, uric acid, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase in diabetic animals.

Renal stones are the third most common problem affecting about 10% of global population. The management of nephrolithiasis has undergone a complete transformation since the 1980s. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has established itself an effective and safe technique that delivers high stone-free rate as well as overall shorter treatment time. We aim to compare the outcome of mini-PCNL with standard-PCNL in patients presenting with renal stones. In all, 90 patients fulfilled the selection criteria and randomized into two groups. Group A underwent mini-PCNL whereas Group B underwent standard-PCNL. Pre-operative hemoglobin level was recorded. Duration of procedure as well as drop in hemoglobin level was also recorded. A kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) X-ray was performed to confirm the presence of of stone and stone-free status. The mean age of patients in mini-PCNL group was 43.11 years and in standard-PCNL group, it was 36.91 years. The mean stone size in patients of mini-PCNL group was 29.53 mm and 31.58 mm in standard-PCNL group. The mean duration of renal stone in mini-PCNL group was 1.91 years and that in standard-PCNL group 1.80 years. The mean operative time in mini-PCNL group was 59.56 min and 61.22 min in standard-PCNL group. The mean fall in hemoglobin in mini-PCNL group was 0.38 g/dL and that in standard-PCNL group 0.51 g/dL. In mini-PCNL group, stone clearance was observed in 42 (93.3%) patients, while in standard-PCNL group, it was observed in 45 (100%) patients. This difference was insignificant (P > 0.05). Mini-PCNL and standard-PCNL have no significant differences in terms of outcome, operative time, and stone clearance, although fall in hemoglobin level was less in mini-PCNL group, which showed less blood loss in this group, thereby making it a more appropriate method for renal stone removal.

Pear pulp and grapes juice were used in different ratios (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50) for the preparation of leather. The treatments were prepared with different concentration of pulp and constant level of sucrose and preservatives. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design (CRD). The effects of storage and treatments were studied for three months of storage with an interval of 15 days. Various parameters such as moisture, percent acidity, total soluble solids, water activity, ascorbic acid content, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and sensory attributes i.e. colour, taste, texture and overall acceptability were studied. Significant differences were observed in all the studied parameters. A decrease was recorded in moisture (16.02 to 13.76%), ascorbic acid content (13.21 to 6.64 mg/100g), non-reducing sugar (67.02 to 64.76%) and water activity (0.50 to 0.45), while an increase was recorded in titratable acidity (0.88 to 1.01%), TSS (76.68 to 79.05 °brix) and reducing sugar (11.43 to 11.85%). Base on organoleptic evaluation T3 was found most acceptable during storage. The combination of 70% pear pulp and 30% grapes juice for leather preparation proved to be the best combination in terms of extending the shelf life and improving the quality of pear and grapes blended leather during storage.

Objective: To compare levobunolol and travoprost for lowering the intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in patients of ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma. Materials and Methods: A Quasi experimental study was conducted in the ophthalmology department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. 120 patients of both genders and age between 18-80 years with ocular hypertension or primary open angle glaucoma requiring single pressure lowering drug were enrolled in the study. Subjects were divided into two groups (60 in each). One group was treated with travoprost eye drops (0.004%, OD) while other group with levobunolol eye drops (0.5%, OD). After initial screening visit where demographic data and baseline IOP was recorded on structured proforma, three follow-up visits were arranged each at 02 weeks interval. At each follow-up visit, IOP was recorded by standard protocols to evaluate and compare the ocular hypotensive efficacy of study drugs by calculating mean IOP change from the baseline. Only patients with no missing IOP measurements for all visits were considered eligible for the efficacy evaluation. Results: A total of 120 patients were observed having age range from 18 years and above with mean age 52.16 ± 9.56 and predominance of male gender. Upon comparative analysis, no significant statistical difference (p value >0.05) was observed in the ocular hypotensive efficacy of levobunolol and travoprost measured at each follow-up visit, indicating both the drugs equally effective. Moreover, age groups did not reveal any significant statistical impact on the treatment outcome of patients treated with either study drug. Conclusion: Though both the drugs are equally effective, levobunolol is better option than travoprost for the treatment of glaucoma because of its fast onset of action, cost effectiveness and easy availability.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of fetomaternal complications among teenage pregnant women. Study design: Descriptive study, cross-sectional study. Settings: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Civil Hospital Karachi Study duration: 4th February 2019 to 3rd August 2020. Materials & Methods: A total of 126 pregnant women with teenage pregnancies of 13-19 years of age were included. Patients with known medical disorders i.e. PIH, DM were excluded. All teenagers were questioned for demographic particulars like age, parity, ethnicity, antenatal care, qualification, and their height and weight were taken. Clinical details regarding maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy were acquired. The data regarding the demographic characteristics of pregnant teenagers and details about fetal and maternal outcomes were documented. Results: In this study, the age span ranges between 13 and 19 years with a mean age of 17.44 ± 1.63 years. A majority of these patients 100 (79.87%) were between theage group of 17 to 19 years. In this study, the frequency of fetomaternal outcome in teenage pregnancy was as follows; anemia was found in 41 (32.54%), miscarriage in 23 (18.25%) patients, and preterm birth in 45 (35.71%) patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that teenage pregnancy is associated with adverse fetomaternal outcomes so it is recommended that public awareness should be arranged on national and regional levels regarding this major public health issue and to avoid teenage marriages. Keywords: Teenage pregnancy, anemia, preterm birth.

Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 - July 2, 1961) is one of the most widely read American novelist of the 19th century, whose works have been variously interpreted. His fiction was influenced by different sociological, political and psychological trends of the time. The adventures of his personal life inspired some of the fascinating stories in his fiction. A Farewell to Arms projects the concept of individual struggle in the face of stiff resistance. His protagonist helplessly strives to define his existence; he, however, miserably fails in his struggle for actualizing his existence. But ultimately, he learns the secret of a meaningful existence. This study traces these elements of existentialist philosophy and examines its influence on the art of Hemingway. Although his views are also influenced and modified by the trends of the time, the influence of existentialist philosophy is vividly visible in all his writings. The paper analyzes the major works of Hemingway, particularly his famous novel A Farewell to Arms, in the light of existentialism. It specifically focuses on the rise and fall of the hero and heroine in the novel when they try to define their existence in this free and void world.

Rifampicin, a potent broad-spectrum antibiotic, remains the backbone of anti-tubercular therapy. However, it can cause severe hepatotoxicity when given orally. To overcome the limitations of the current oral therapy, this study designed inhalable spray-dried, rifampicin-loaded microparticles using aloe vera powder as an immune modulator, with varying concentrations of alginate and L-leucine. The microparticles were assessed for their physicochemical properties, in vitro drug release and aerodynamic behavior. The spray-dried powders were 2 to 4 µm in size with a percentage yield of 45 to 65%. The particles were nearly spherical with the tendency of agglomeration as depicted from Carr’s index (37 to 65) and Hausner’s ratios (>1.50). The drug content ranged from 0.24 to 0.39 mg/mg, with an association efficiency of 39.28 to 96.15%. The dissolution data depicts that the in vitro release of rifampicin from microparticles was significantly retarded with a higher L-leucine concentration in comparison to those formulations containing a higher sodium alginate concentration due to its hydrophobic nature. The aerodynamic data depicts that 60 to 70% of the aerosol mass was emitted from an inhaler with MMAD values of 1.44 to 1.60 µm and FPF of 43.22 to 55.70%. The higher FPF values with retarded in vitro release could allow sufficient time for the phagocytosis of synthesized microparticles by alveolar macrophages, thereby leading to the eradication of M. tuberculosis from these cells.

Fig is familiar in the World as a edible fruit, but technically it is not a fruit it is a container, called a syconium, which is oddly an inside out flower cluster. The present study was conducted to prepare a value-added product form fig fruit blended with apple pulp. The jam was prepared with different combination of fig pulp and apple pulp, 200:200, 250:150, 300:100, 350: 50 and 400:00. The treatments were analyzed physio-chemically and sensory for a total period of 90 days. The statistical results revealed that treatment have a significant (P

Nanosized ZnO and Cr-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by co-precipitation method, which were employed as photocatalysts for the degradation of murexide dye in aqueous media. The nanopart...

Olive (Olea europaea L.) and mandarin (Citrus reticulatae) have been used therapeutically for their nutraceutical and medicinal value. Olive juice contains high vitamin E and phenolic compounds. Similarly, mandarin is a rich source of vitamin C. Hence olive juice was blended with mandarin fruit juice for increasing the therapeutic, nutritional and functional value of Ready-to-Serve (RTS) beverages. Preliminary study revealed that Ready-to-Serve (RTS) product of olive mandarin (60:40) was highly acceptable on sensory basis by the panel of judges. Olive juice and mandarin juice were utilized at various combinations with sugar and artificial sweeteners (aspartame, sucralose and cyclamate) for preparation of therapeutic RTS beverages and evaluated for physico-chemical and sensory attributes during storage. The study revealed that the therapeutic RTS beverages prepared by blending of olive and mandarin juices with cyclamate has scored maximum for almost all sensorial quality attributes such as appearance, colour, flavour, taste and overall acceptability and also contained phenolic compounds, flavonoids and ascorbic acid in large quantity. A reducing trend was observed in ascorbic acid and increasing trend was observed in acidity content during the storage of beverage at room temperature over a period of 90 days. The beverage changed significantly with respect to TSS content along the storage period.