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10. Experimental evaluation of activated carbon derived from South Africa discard coal for natural gas storage

Author

Abdulsalam, Jibril, Mulopo, Jean, Oboirien, Bilainu, Bada, Samson, and Falcon, Rosemary

Abstract

Lacking in literature is the use of discard coal to produce activated carbon and in its subsequent use in the storage of natural gas. In this study, the characterization and gas storage evaluation of a largely porous activated carbon with large surface area synthesized from discard coal were investigated. Discard coals are waste material generated from coal beneficiation process. In developing the activated carbon, chemical activation route with the use of KOH reagent was applied. The effects of KOH/discard coal weight ratio (1:1, 2.5:1, 4:1), temperature (400–800 °C) and particle size (0.15–0.25 mm, 0.25–0.5 mm, 0.5–1 mm) on the adsorptive properties of the activated carbon were methodically evaluated and optimized using response surface methodology. The synthesized activated carbon was characterized using BET, SEM/EDS, and XRD. The results showed that for each activation process, the surface area and pore volume of the resulting activated carbon increased with increased temperature and KOH/discard coal weight ratio. The maximum surface area of 1826.41 m2/g, pore volume of 1.252 cm3/g and pore size of 2.77 nm were obtained at carbonization temperature of 800 °C and KOH/discard coal weight ratio of 4:1. Methane and nitrogen adsorption data at high pressure were fitted to Toth isotherm model with a predictive accuracy of about 99%. Adsorption parameters using the Toth model provides useful information in the design of adsorbed natural gas storage system. According to the requirements of adsorbent desired for natural gas storage, it could be stated that the synthesized activated carbon could well be applied for natural gas storage.

Published
2024
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18. List of Contributors

Author

Day, Stuart J., primary, Vapnik, Yevgeny, additional, Sanei, Hamed, additional, Carrie, Jesse, additional, Goodarzi, Fari, additional, Stracher, Glenn B., additional, Kuenzer, Claudia, additional, Hecker, Christoph, additional, Zhang, Jianzhong, additional, Schroeder, Paul A., additional, McCormack, John K., additional, Quintero, Jhon A., additional, Ríos, Carlos A., additional, Klika, Zdenek, additional, Martinec, Petr, additional, Masalehdani, M. Naze-Nancy, additional, Paquette, Yves, additional, de Wit, Frank, additional, Witzke, Thomas, additional, Kolitsch, Uwe, additional, Blaß, Günter, additional, Prakash, Anupma, additional, Gens, Rudiger, additional, Prasad, Sheochandra, additional, Raju, Ashwani, additional, Gupta, Ravi P., additional, Whitehouse, Alfred E., additional, Mulyana, Asep A.S., additional, Vardi, Jacob, additional, Martinelli, Giovanni, additional, Cremonini, Stefano, additional, Samonati, Eleonora, additional, Fishman, Ilia L., additional, Kazakova, Yuliya I., additional, Polyansky, Oleg P., additional, White, Yelena, additional, Bajadilov, Kalik O., additional, Misz-Kennan, Magdalena, additional, Ciesielczuk, Justyna, additional, Tabor, Adam, additional, Ribeiro, Joana, additional, Moura, Rui, additional, Flores, Deolinda, additional, Lopes, Duarte B., additional, Gouveia, Carlos, additional, Mendonça, Sérgio, additional, Frazão, Orlando, additional, Rădan, Sorin-Corneliu, additional, Rădan, Silviu, additional, Sokol, Ellina V., additional, Korzhova, Sophia A., additional, Kokh (Zateeva), Svetlana N., additional, Sharygin, Victor V., additional, Simonova, Ekaterina A., additional, Minayeva, Tatyana, additional, Sirin, Andrey A., additional, Torrance, Keith W., additional, Switzer, Christine, additional, Rein, Guillermo, additional, Carvel, Richard, additional, Hadden, Rory, additional, Belcher, Claire M., additional, Finkelman, Robert B., additional, Pone, Denis, additional, Annegarn, Harold, additional, Blake, Donald R., additional, Moreno, Luis, additional, Jiménez, M. Emilia, additional, Bartley, Russell H., additional, Bartley, Sylvia E., additional, Carroll, Richard E., additional, Lindsley-Griffin, Nancy, additional, Griffin, John R., additional, Heffern, Edward L., additional, Hiett, John K., additional, Hower, James C., additional, Mardon, Sarah M., additional, Bannes (Nolter), Melissa A., additional, Styers, John, additional, Martínez, Manuel, additional, Márquez, Gonzalo, additional, Pone, J. Denis N., additional, McCurdy, Karen M., additional, Rich, Fredrick J., additional, LaFosse’, Lisa, additional, Cummins, Mark, additional, Kim, Ann G., additional, Coates, Donald, additional, Heffern, Edward, additional, Colaizzi, Gary, additional, Taylor, Tammy P., additional, Baughman, Dick, additional, Barnes (Nolter), Melissa A., additional, Vice, Daniel H., additional, van Dijk, Paul, additional, Maathuis, Ben, additional, Zhang, Xiangmin, additional, Voigt, Stefan, additional, Tetzlaf, Anke, additional, Jianzhong, Zhang, additional, Künzer, Claudia, additional, Strunz, Günter, additional, Oertel, Dieter, additional, Roth, Achim, additional, Mehl, Harald, additional, Zhukov, Boris, additional, Jones, Steven, additional, Moolman, Conri, additional, Reid, Alan, additional, Glasser, David, additional, de Andrade, Franco, additional, de Korte, Johan, additional, Falcon, Rosemary, additional, Uludag, Sezar, additional, Ramovha, Sydney, additional, Miller, Dirk, additional, Dhlamini, Eddie, additional, Hiett, John, additional, Finkeman, Robert B., additional, Mathews, Jonathan P., additional, Ncube-Hein, Kim A.A., additional, Emsbo-Mattingly, Stephen D., additional, O’Keefe, Jennifer M.K., additional, Nel, Jan, additional, Peschken, Peter, additional, Rogans, Tom, additional, Sant’Ovaia, Helena, additional, Corrêa-Ribeiro, Heloisa, additional, Gomes, Celeste, additional, Li, Zhongsheng, additional, Ward, Colin R., additional, Oberweis, Brandon, additional, Frankel, Carl, additional, Reiners, Peter, additional, Fleisher, Chris, additional, Kitson, Jimmy, additional, Barwick, Larry H., additional, Naze-Nancy Masalehdani, M., additional, Bouchardon, Jean-Luc, additional, Guy, Bernard, additional, Chalier, Jean, additional, Khesin, Boris, additional, Sonya, Itkis, additional, Shagam, Reginald, additional, Vasterling, Margarete, additional, Schloemer, Stefan, additional, Meyer, Uwe, additional, Fischer, Christian, additional, Ehrler, Christoph, additional, Kokh, Svetlana N., additional, Korzhova, Sofya, additional, Kudinov, Yevgeny, additional, Kiriltseva, Nadezhda, additional, Różański, Zenon, additional, Wrona, Paweł, additional, Drenda, Jan, additional, Pach, Grzegorz, additional, Quang Van, Phan, additional, van Thanh, Tran, additional, Thao, Le Van, additional, Murashko, Mikhail N., additional, Murashko, Zulfiya A., additional, Britvin, Sergey N., additional, Stout, Scott A., additional, Engle, Mark, additional, Olea, Ricardo A., additional, Kolker, Allan, additional, Beck, Jennifer, additional, Palmer, Jana, additional, Benton, Bryan, additional, Chauhan, Ketan, additional, Brantley, William A., additional, Fultz, Allyana, additional, Fultz, Shannon, additional, Hayslip, Joy, additional, Jones, Roy “Chris” C., additional, Martin, Jessica, additional, Waters, Traci, additional, and Thompson, Kimberly, additional

Published
2013
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19. List of contributors

Author

Arnold, Barbara J., Atkinson, Bruce W., Azam, Sikandar, Bethell, Peter J., Bhattacharyya, Sekhar, Bickert, Gotz, Blagden, Troy, Bottle, James, Dempsey, Faith, Dohm, Erich, Eisele, Thomas C., Ejtemaei, Majid, Falcon, Rosemary M.S., Fan, Long, Galvin, Kevin P., Gupta, Rajender, Gupta, Sushil, Honaker, Rick Q., Iveson, Simon M., James, Gary, Kawatra, S. Komar, Kohmuench, Jaisen, Laskowski, Janusz S., Lavis, Shaun, Liu, Shimin, Luttrell, Gerald H., MacNamara, Liam, Mann, Bernd, Membrey, Wes B., Mostade, Marc, Nguyen, Anh V., Osborne, Dave, Read, Jeff, Rietschel, Franz, Thomas, Larry P., Verboomen, Jan, Wagner, Nikki J., White, Andrew R.J, Williams, David J., Wiseman, David M., Wood, Christopher, Woodruff, Dave, and Zonailo, Gordon W.

Published
2023
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23. CO2 capture efficiency in post‐combustion using MWNT‐PAA in a packed bed column.

Author

Ngoy, Jacob M. and Falcon, Rosemary

Subjects
PACKED towers (Chemical engineering), CARBON sequestration, ADSORPTION kinetics, CARBON dioxide adsorption, ADSORPTION capacity, DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry, GAS flow
Abstract

The adsorption capacity of polyaspartamide (PAA) and multi‐wall carbon nanotubes with polyaspartamide (MWNT‐PAA) was investigated through a packed bed column with the flowing of flue gas composed of 15 % CO2, 5 % O2 and the balance N2. The adsorption performed at 25 °C, 110 kPa and inlet gas flow rate of 60 mL/min resulted in high CO2 adsorption capacity of 5.70 and 10.20 mmol‐CO2/g for PAA and MWNT‐PAA, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was very high, so 7 min were enough for the effluent gas to reach the breakthrough after saturation. The consistency of adsorbents in recurring regeneration was successful through a continuous TSA system of 10 cycle adsorption‐desorption with temperatures of 25–100 °C. The evaluation of heat through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) resulted in exothermic adsorption with heat release of 45.14 kJ/mol and 124.38 kJ/mol for PAA and MWNT‐PAA, respectively. The heat release was found favourable to promote the desorption as the temperature could rise after adsorption. This is an advantage for energy efficiency, as it depicts the potential of energy recovery. Thus, both adsorbent PAA and MWNT‐PAA were demonstrated to be promising for CO2 adsorption capture in post‐combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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24. Towards a cleaner natural gas production: recent developments on purification technologies.

Author

Abdulsalam, Jibril, Mulopo, Jean, Amosa, Mutiu K., Bada, Samson, Falcon, Rosemary, and Oboirien, Bilainu O.

Subjects
NATURAL gas, NATURAL gas production, GAS purification, SEPARATION of gases, SEPARATION (Technology), TECHNOLOGICAL innovations, GAS leakage
Abstract

The development of new, efficient and cost-effective technologies for acid gases (CO2 and H2S) removal from natural gas is pertinent for cleaner energy productions. The removal of acid gases from natural gas can be carried out using different techniques (chemical, physical or hybrid). Although the widely employed techniques are generally effective, they have some ascribed drawbacks such as process efficiency and high-energy cost. Emerging techniques are being considered to reduce or eliminate these limitations but their deployment on an industrial scale may require that certain scientific and technological criteria, such as higher selectivity and gas separation kinetics, be met. Unprecedented and lacking in previous appraisals, this review has focused on the emerging and sustainable developments on acid gases removal from natural gas, but not without a critical evaluation of the existing technologies to provide a better background on the subject, ascertain the status-quo and identify gaps for further improvements. Efficiency of these emerging technologies are analysed with focus on ionic liquids and their blends, binding organic liquids, enzyme-based separation technologies and others. This review also features the brief contribution of the authors towards the development of low-cost materials for CO2/natural gas separation. This article is expected to serve as an in-depth requisite background for further research on carbon capture processes with respect to natural gas purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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25. Identification of Acid Mine Drainage Microorganisms from a Coal Mine in South Africa

Author

Deenanath, Evanie Devi, Falcon, Rosemary, Deenanath, Evanie Devi, and Falcon, Rosemary

Abstract

Acid mine drainage (AMD) generated from mining processes is an on-going environmental concern. This study aimed to identify microorganisms (MOs) from a coal mine water source to determine organism diversity for its use as a bioremediation method of AMD contaminated sources. For the purpose of this study, a culture-dependent sample, previously collected from an open-mine-water-pit was used to assess the microbial community by 18S rRNA gene amplification and BLAST analysis. The analysis revealed the presence of 94 MOs, with 3 dominant MOs namely, Cercozoan; an uncultured bacterium and Chorella vulgaris. The use of this culture is not promising as the presence of Cercozoan, a protist type body will target other species for its own survival, hence inhibiting any positive effect the algae or bacteria may have on bioremediation potential of harmful AMD elements.

Published
2016

30. CO2adsorption using water-soluble polyaspartamide

Author

Ngoy, Jacob Masiala, Daramola, Michael O., Chitsiga, Tafara Leonard, Falcon, Rosemary, and Wagner, Nicola

Abstract

Freeze-drying is one of the promising purification technologies due to its ability to produce outputs with high purity at low energy. This work attempts to improve the adsorption properties of a novel amine adsorbent for CO2capture through the use of freeze drying process. Thus, a polyaspartamide (PAA) was produced after freeze-drying process of a polysuccinimide (PSI) synthesized through polycondensation reaction. The synthesized PSI was grafted with a monoethanolamine (MEA), a water-soluble amine, and an ethylenediamine (EDA), then tested for CO2capture. The BET analysis showed the enhancement of geometry/structure with the increase of water-soluble amine (MEA) in the PAA. In addition, testing the CO2adsorption capacity with pure CO2at 1.1 bar and a temperature of 40 °C using a thermogravimetric analyser resulted in increase of CO2adsorption capacity as the amount of MEA in PAA increased. The maximum CO2adsorbed was 44 mg-CO2/g at 100% MEA incorporated in PAA, indicating a significant increase from 19 mg-CO2/g recorded for the crude PSI. Thus, the water soluble PAA could be an effective adsorbent for CO2capture via adsorption technology for the reduction of CO2emissions in future.

Published
2017
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31. List of Contributors

Author

Day, Stuart J., Vapnik, Yevgeny, Sanei, Hamed, Carrie, Jesse, Goodarzi, Fari, Stracher, Glenn B., Kuenzer, Claudia, Hecker, Christoph, Zhang, Jianzhong, Schroeder, Paul A., McCormack, John K., Quintero, Jhon A., Ríos, Carlos A., Klika, Zdenek, Martinec, Petr, Masalehdani, M. Naze-Nancy, Paquette, Yves, de Wit, Frank, Witzke, Thomas, Kolitsch, Uwe, Blaß, Günter, Prakash, Anupma, Gens, Rudiger, Prasad, Sheochandra, Raju, Ashwani, Gupta, Ravi P., Whitehouse, Alfred E., Mulyana, Asep A.S., Vardi, Jacob, Martinelli, Giovanni, Cremonini, Stefano, Samonati, Eleonora, Fishman, Ilia L., Kazakova, Yuliya I., Polyansky, Oleg P., White, Yelena, Bajadilov, Kalik O., Misz-Kennan, Magdalena, Ciesielczuk, Justyna, Tabor, Adam, Ribeiro, Joana, Moura, Rui, Flores, Deolinda, Lopes, Duarte B., Gouveia, Carlos, Mendonça, Sérgio, Frazão, Orlando, Rădan, Sorin-Corneliu, Rădan, Silviu, Sokol, Ellina V., Korzhova, Sophia A., Kokh (Zateeva), Svetlana N., Sharygin, Victor V., Simonova, Ekaterina A., Minayeva, Tatyana, Sirin, Andrey A., Torrance, Keith W., Switzer, Christine, Rein, Guillermo, Carvel, Richard, Hadden, Rory, Belcher, Claire M., Finkelman, Robert B., Pone, Denis, Annegarn, Harold, Blake, Donald R., Moreno, Luis, Jiménez, M. Emilia, Bartley, Russell H., Bartley, Sylvia E., Carroll, Richard E., Lindsley-Griffin, Nancy, Griffin, John R., Heffern, Edward L., Hiett, John K., Hower, James C., Mardon, Sarah M., Bannes (Nolter), Melissa A., Styers, John, Martínez, Manuel, Márquez, Gonzalo, Pone, J. Denis N., McCurdy, Karen M., Rich, Fredrick J., LaFosse’, Lisa, Cummins, Mark, Kim, Ann G., Coates, Donald, Heffern, Edward, Colaizzi, Gary, Taylor, Tammy P., Baughman, Dick, Barnes (Nolter), Melissa A., Vice, Daniel H., van Dijk, Paul, Maathuis, Ben, Zhang, Xiangmin, Voigt, Stefan, Tetzlaf, Anke, Jianzhong, Zhang, Künzer, Claudia, Strunz, Günter, Oertel, Dieter, Roth, Achim, Mehl, Harald, Zhukov, Boris, Jones, Steven, Moolman, Conri, Reid, Alan, Glasser, David, de Andrade, Franco, de Korte, Johan, Falcon, Rosemary, Uludag, Sezar, Ramovha, Sydney, Miller, Dirk, Dhlamini, Eddie, Hiett, John, Finkeman, Robert B., Mathews, Jonathan P., Ncube-Hein, Kim A.A., Emsbo-Mattingly, Stephen D., O’Keefe, Jennifer M.K., Nel, Jan, Peschken, Peter, Rogans, Tom, Sant’Ovaia, Helena, Corrêa-Ribeiro, Heloisa, Gomes, Celeste, Li, Zhongsheng, Ward, Colin R., Oberweis, Brandon, Frankel, Carl, Reiners, Peter, Fleisher, Chris, Kitson, Jimmy, Barwick, Larry H., Naze-Nancy Masalehdani, M., Bouchardon, Jean-Luc, Guy, Bernard, Chalier, Jean, Khesin, Boris, Sonya, Itkis, Shagam, Reginald, Vasterling, Margarete, Schloemer, Stefan, Meyer, Uwe, Fischer, Christian, Ehrler, Christoph, Kokh, Svetlana N., Korzhova, Sofya, Kudinov, Yevgeny, Kiriltseva, Nadezhda, Różański, Zenon, Wrona, Paweł, Drenda, Jan, Pach, Grzegorz, Quang Van, Phan, van Thanh, Tran, Thao, Le Van, Murashko, Mikhail N., Murashko, Zulfiya A., Britvin, Sergey N., Stout, Scott A., Engle, Mark, Olea, Ricardo A., Kolker, Allan, Beck, Jennifer, Palmer, Jana, Benton, Bryan, Chauhan, Ketan, Brantley, William A., Fultz, Allyana, Fultz, Shannon, Hayslip, Joy, Jones, Roy “Chris” C., Martin, Jessica, Waters, Traci, and Thompson, Kimberly

Published
2012
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