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The Linear Wireless Sensor Networks (LWSN) are a collection of wireless sensors arranged in a linear fashion. In order to allow them a better organization, several topologies have been proposed in the research. One of the most recent of them assumes a topology called redundant k-variant in which the redundancy factor k is a variable. This topology is based on a model generating the Euclidean positions of the nodes in an increasing way, the topology divides the network into two groups of nodes with different redundancy factors. This topology model increases the availability of the network especially in the areas close to the sink, compared to other topological models in which the redundancy factor was fixed for all the nodes of the network.In this paper we propose a generalization of the mathematical model proposed in the redundant k-variant model by generalizing the variation of the redundancy factor for all the nodes of the network and thus eliminating the fixed nature of the redundancy factor within the groups of nodes in the network in the k-variant model.In the approach proposed in this paper, the redundancy factor varies as one moves away from the sink. In this model, we choose, for each node, the best position among all possible ones. We use a system based on an arithmetic sequence to define an equation whose solution will generate the positions of the different nodes. We have also defined a specific resolution method coded in Python to choose the right values from all the solutions.The simulations focused on four series of transmissions based on different topologies. The experiments showed a much higher energy efficiency of the network in favor of the proposed model. &nbsp

Nous donnons une description géométrique des points algébriques de degré au plus 14 sur Q sur la septique de Fermat.

Bluetongue is a non-contagious viral disease affecting small ruminants and cattle that can cause severe economic losses in the livestock sector. The virus is transmitted by certain species of the genus Culicoides and consequently, understanding their distribution is essential to enable the identification of high-risk transmission areas. In this work we use bioclimatic and environmental variables to predict vector abundance, and estimate spatial variations in the basic reproductive ratio &nbsp, R0. The resulting estimates were combined with livestock mobility and serological data to assess the risk of Bluetongue outbreaks in Senegal. The results show an increasing abundance of C. imicola, C. oxystoma, C. enderleini, and C. miombo from north to south. R0 &lt, 1 for most areas of Senegal, whilst southern (Casamance) and southeastern (Kedougou and part of Tambacounda) agro-pastoral areas have the highest risk of outbreak (R0 = 2.7 and 2.9, respectively). The next higher risk areas are in the Senegal River Valley (R0 = 1.07), and the Atlantic coast zones. Seroprevalence rates, shown by cELISA, weren&rsquo, t positively correlated with outbreak probability. Future works should include follow-up studies of competent vector abundancies and serological surveys based on the results of the risk analysis conducted here to optimize the national epidemiological surveillance system.

We give a parameterization of the algebraic points of degree 3 over Q on the curve y ^2 = x^ 5 + 1. This result extends a previous result of E.F. Schaefer who described in [Sch] the set of algebraic points of degree 2 over Q., Nous donnons une paramétrisation des points algébriques de degré au plus 3 sur Q sur la courbe C d'´ equation affine : y^ 2 = x ^5 + 1. L'´ enoncé obtenú etend un résultat de E.F. Schaefer qui décrivait dans [Sch] l'ensemble des points algébriques de degré au plus 2 sur Q sur cette courbe.

We give a parameterization of the algebraic points of given degree over $\mathbb{Q}$ on the Picard curve given by $y^{3}=x^{4}-1$. This result extends a previous result of Klassen and Schaefer(1996) on the set of algebraic points of degree at most $3$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ in the same curve.

Figure S2. Line plot of the barcode gap for our DNA reference libraries. For each individual in the dataset, the light sky-blue lines represent the maximum intraspecific distance (bottom of line value), and the minimum interspecific distance (top of line value). The red lines show where this relationship is reversed, and the closest non-conspecific is actually closer to the query than its nearest conspecific, i.e. the situation where there is no barcoding gap. (PDF 3 kb)

International audience; Phylogenetic relationships of Culicoides species of the Afrotropical region are problematic as different authors disagree on the placement of species into specific subgenera or groups. In this study we sequenced two mitochondrial (COI and 16S rDNA) and two nuclear (CAD and 28S rDNA) gene fragments to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within the Avaritia, Remmia and Synhelea subgenera and the Milnei, Neavei and Similis groups of Culicoides using both Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood approaches. Based on phylogenetic trees, we used the bGMYC (Bayesian General Mixed Yule Coalescent model) and the PTP (Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes) to investigate species boundaries. All species relationships within the studied subgenera and groups were well-supported by using morphological characters and molecular analyses. The subgenus Avaritia includes (i) all of the species of the Imicola group, as well as the putative new species, C.sp. #22, and we confirmed the monophyly of this group; (ii) the Dasyops group includes C.kanagai and C.sp. #54 Meiswinkel (new species), shown to be monophyletic; (iii) the C.sp. #20 belongs to the Orientalis group; (iv) C.grahamii, C.gulbenkiani and C. kibatiensis. Our results also show that subgenus Remmia is monophyletic. Relationships of species of the Milnei group were well-supported and demonstrate the monophyly of this group. Borkent's classification for Similis group is confirmed. In addition, C.neavei and C.ovalis (Neavei group) are placed in the subgenus Synhelea.

Figure S1. The minimum cumulative error of false positive and false negative identifications show the optimum threshold; for our DNA reference libraries this was around 4.3 and 4.4%, respectively. (PDF 100 kb)

Background: Spasmophilia also called latent tetany is a disorder with a very heterogeneous clinical manifestation which affects particulary young women. Chest pain, constriction of the throat and palpitations are symptoms common to spasmophilia and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). The objective of this work was to assess the incidence and to study the epidemiological, clinical features of spasmophilia in patients with symptoms of ischaemic heart disease. Metods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the cardiology Department of Military Hospital of Ouakam, in Dakar, Senegal, from January 1st 2009 to December 31st 2014). We included all patients who were admitted with manifestation of ischaemic heart disease and who subsequently had a negative evaluation for IHD. We observed the occurrence of neuromuscular hyperexcitability, assessed with Electromyographic (EMG) test. We collected and analyzed epidemiological, clinical, and outcomes data of Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation 228 patients. Results: the incidence of spasmophilia in patient’s reffered with symptoms of ischaemic heart disease was 20% and 100% in patients with normal ECG findings. The mean age of patients was 28.7 ± 18 years with a sex ratio (F/M) of 13.41. The most common presenting symptoms were dominated by chest pain (90%). a history of Insomnia was found in 31 patients (13.60%), and affective disorders were found in 55 patients (24.12%). Biochemical investigation revealed decreased serum magnesium in 5.26%. Medical examinations were normal. All patients were treated with magnesium lactate. 80.6% of patients reported after 3 months complete regression of complaints. 17.2% of patients continued to experience complaints with a significant improvement in terms of reduced frequency and intensity. No complications were noted in our patients after 12 months follow-up. Conclusion: Despite its fearly common occurence, spasmophilia is rarely recognized. We recommend to add EMG test to the algorithm of examinations of patients with chest pain and normal ECG.

Behçet’sdisease (BD) is a chronic, multisystem vasculitis. It is categorized under variable vessel vasculitis in the new Chapel Hill nomenclature as it involves blood vessels of any type and size. It is characterized by relapsing aphthous ulcers commonly occurring in the oral mucosa and genitalia with ocular involvement. Other organ systems may be involved any time throughout the course of the disease. The exact cause is unknown. However, combination of genetic and environmental factors is likely to play a role.Cardiac involvement may occur in the form of intracardiac thrombus, endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis, endomyocardial fibrosis, coronary arteritis, myocardial infarction, and valvular disease.We present a case of Angio-Behçet in a 46-year-old African male with severe cardiovascular involvement including pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), right ventricular failure and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction diagnosed after 2 episodes of symptomatic ischemic stroke resulting from complete occlusion of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) up to its intracranial portion.Immunosuppressive and anticoagulant therapies have induced improvement in cardiac manifestations. Nevertheless, prompt recognition of the primarily vascular manifestation of BD without mucocutaneous manifestations was responsible for considerable delay that did not afford surgical therapy for the carotid occlusion.