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En esta investigación, se aborda la desintegración familiar, problema que siempre ha estado presente y en la actualidad va en aumento dentro de los hogares ecuatorianos. El principal objetivo de este estudio es analizar los factores que conllevan a desintegrar una familia y cómo esto repercute durante el desarrollo integral de los niños en la primera infancia. Este trabajo es de diseño no experimental, cuali-cuantitativo, de corte transversal y de tipo explicativo. Como método empírico se aplicó el test APGAR familiar a padres de familia de la Unidad Educativa Fiscal en la ciudad de Portoviejo, para detectar la funcionalidad e integración familiar dentro de estos sistemas. En los resultados, se encuentra que las familias funcionales e integradas predominan en este estudio, lo cual refleja que existe buena comunicación entre sus integrantes, apoyo emocional y fortaleza ante un problema. En conclusión, la familia es la base fundamental para el crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños en todos sus aspectos. Palabras clave: Desintegración familiar, integración familiar, desarrollo infantil, primera infancia.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between Family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affec-tion and Resolve (Family APGAR) and HIV treatment outcomes.Design: A cross-sectional study using the Family APGAR questionnaireSetting: The study was conducted in Kumasi, Ghana, at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and the Kwame Nkru-mah University of Science and Technology HospitalParticipants: Consenting HIV-positive patients who had been on treatment for at least 12 months were recruited.Main outcome measures: The Family APGAR questionnaire was administered, and relevant data were extracted from hospital records and analysed using STATA® software. The relationship between Family APGAR and treatment outcomes was determined using Chi-squared tests or Fisher’s exact test.Results: Approximately 70.1% of 304 participants were females with a mean age of 41.8 years (±9.9). At treatment initiation, 47.4% of the patients presented at World Health Organisation (WHO) clinical stages I and II and had a CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/mm3. Females were less likely (Odds Ratio= 0.52; 95% CI=0.31 – 0.90, p = 0.018) to report late for treatment compared with the males. After 12 months of treatment, approximately 70% recorded undetectable viral load. Patients with functional families constituted 70.4%, which had a statistically significant relationship with viral load (p = 0.041).Conclusion: HIV care providers should incorporate family functionality evaluation into clinical practice and provide early essential support to enhance treatment outcomes.

Objetivos: Determinar el riesgo y dinámica familiar en familias con menores de 5 años de una zona vulnerable de Comas. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio fue de enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño metodológico descriptivo-transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 112 familias. Se empleó los instrumentos de Riesgo Familiar Total (RFT 5:33) conformado por 33 ítems y 5 dimensiones, y el APGAR familiar representado por 5 elementos. Resultados: En cuanto al riesgo familiar, predomino familias amenazadas con 58% (n=65). En cuanto a las dimensiones, en condiciones psicoactivas predomino familias amenazadas en un 100% (n=112), en servicios y prácticas de salud familias amenazadas en un 83% (n=93), en condiciones de vivienda y vecindario familias amenazadas en un 75% (n=84), en situación socioeconómica familias amenazadas en un 89,3% (n=100), en manejo de menores familias amenazadas en un 72,3% (n=81). En relación a la funcionalidad familiar, predomino disfunción familiar moderada en un 50,9% (n=57). En sus dimensiones, en adaptación predominio disfunción familiar severa en un 58,9% (n=66), en participación disfunción familiar severa en un 35,7% (n=40), en ganancia disfunción familiar severa en un 54,5% (n=61), en afecto leve con 64,3% (n=72), en recursos buena función familiar y disfunción familiar moderada con 36,6%. En ambas variables existieron buena correlación. Conclusiones: En cuanto al riesgo familiar, predomino familias amenazadas y en sus dimensiones en todas tuvo mayor predominio familias amenazadas. En relación a funcionalidad familiar, predomino moderada y en las dimensiones tuvo mayor frecuencia disfunción familiar severa.

A presença de pessoas com deficiência intelectual em uma família pode modificar o funcionamento e relações familiares. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar as evidências iniciais de validade de estrutura interna e convergência da versão brasileira da Family APGAR Scale, a fim de avaliar a percepção da funcionalidade familiar em familiares de pessoas com deficiência intelectual, usuárias de serviços da Assistência Social. Participaram deste estudo 185 familiares de pessoas com deficiência, usuárias de um serviço de uma entidade não governamental de atendimentos a pessoas com deficiência em uma capital do sudeste brasileiro. Os resultados a partir de procedimentos fatoriais exploratórios demonstraram a estrutura interna unidimensional da medida adaptada, composta por cinco itens, tendo bons indicadores de precisão do tipo coeficiente de Alpha (α = 0,96) e Ômega (ω=0,96). Também foram observadas evidências de validade convergente entre a medida adaptada neste estudo e a Escala Total de Apoio Social do Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). Com isso, os resultados indicam que a versão brasileira adaptada da medida apresentou propriedades psicométricas adequadas e pode ser utilizada neste contexto e população.

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre resiliencia y funcionalidad familiar en estudiantes de secundaria de una Institución Educativa Publica de Lima – Perú.Métodos: Se trató de un estudio de diseño no experimental, tipo descriptivocorrelacional y de corte transversal. La población total fue de 300 estudiantes de cuarto y quinto de secundaria. La técnica fue la encuesta y los instrumentos el test de resiliencia creado por Wagnild & Young y el Apgar Familiar elaborado en 1978por el Dr. Gabriel Smilkstein (Universidad de Washington).Resultados: El 51% de adolescentes presenta resiliencia media alta, el 17% resiliencia media y 2.5% baja. El 39% presenta disfuncionalidad familiar leve, 16.6% disfuncionalidad moderada y15.8% disfuncionalidad severa. Mientras que el 13.3% que pertenece a familias funcionales, presenta a su vez alta resiliencia.Conclusiones: Existe relación significativa entre nivel de resiliencia y tipo de funcionalidad familiar con sig. 0.011 (pv

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased psychological stress among adolescents, and the relation between perceived stress (PS) and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) has been well-established. However, little is known about the role of family functioning (FF) in this relation, especially when adolescents experienced the extended lockdown period with family members. Methods: A total of 4807 adolescents completed this retrospective paper-and-pencil survey after school reopening between May 14th and June 6th, 2020 in Hunan Province, China. We measured PS with the Perceived stress scale (PSS-10), PLEs with the eight positive items from Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-8), and FF with the Family APGAR scale. We conducted subgroup analysis based on three FF levels (good, moderate, and poor) determined by previous studies. Finally, correlation and moderation analysis were performed to detect the effect of FF in the relation between PS and PLEs after adjusting for demographic variables. Results: Adolescents with poor FF had higher levels of PS and higher prevalence of PLEs compared to those with good FF (both p < 0.001). FF was negatively associated with both PS (r = −0.34, p < 0.001) and PLEs (r = −0.29, p < 0.001). Higher FF significantly attenuated the effect of PS on PLEs after adjusting for sex and age (effect = −0.011, bootstrap 95% CI -0.018, −0.005). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that well-functioned family could protect against stress-induced PLEs among adolescents during this crisis. Thus family system could be an early interventional target for distressing psychotic-like experiences in youngsters.

Objective: to verify the difference of mean or median in the scores of family functionality and burden of family caregivers of people with mental disorders. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out in a Psychosocial Care Center with 61 family caregivers. Instruments were used for sociodemographic characterization, care process, Family Apgar Index and Family Burden Interview Schedule. Mean/median difference tests were adopted. Results: women with mental disorders and the presence of children in the home decreased the median of the family Apgar score. Difficulty in the relationship between caregiver/user, nervousness/tension, physical aggression and agitation of patients increased the global average of subjective burden. Conclusions: nursing interventions to reduce burden and promote family functionality should prioritize caregivers of women with mental disorders, assist them in managing troublesome behaviors and raising awareness of family nucleus to co-responsibility for caring for sick people, especially in families with children who demand daily care. RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar la diferencia de media o mediana en las puntuaciones de funcionalidad familiar y sobrecarga de los cuidadores familiares de personas con trastornos mentales. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial, con 61 cuidadores familiares. Se utilizaron instrumentos para la caracterización sociodemográfica, el proceso de cuidado, el Índice de Apgar Familiar y el Family Burden Interview Schedule. Se adoptaron pruebas de diferencia de media/mediana. Resultados: las mujeres con trastornos mentales y la presencia de hijos en el hogar disminuyeron la mediana del Apgar familiar. La dificultad en la relación entre cuidador/usuario, nerviosismo/tensión, agresión física y agitación del paciente aumentaron el promedio global de carga subjetiva. Conclusiones: las intervenciones de enfermería para reducir la carga y promover la funcionalidad familiar deben priorizar a los cuidadores de mujeres con trastornos mentales, asistirlos en el manejo de conductas problemáticas y sensibilizar al núcleo familiar sobre la corresponsabilidad del cuidado del enfermo, especialmente en familias con niños que demandan cuidados diarios. RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a diferença de média ou de mediana nos escores de funcionalidade familiar e de sobrecarga de cuidadores familiares de pessoas com transtorno mental. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, com 61 cuidadores familiares. Utilizaram-se instrumentos para caracterização sociodemográfica, do processo de cuidar, Índice Apgar de Família e Family Burden Interview Schedule. Adotaram-se testes de diferença de média/mediana. Resultados: mulher com transtorno mental e presença de crianças na residência diminuíram a mediana do escore de Apgar familiar. Dificuldade de relacionamento entre cuidador/usuário, nervosismo/tensão, agressividade física e agitação do paciente aumentaram a média global de sobrecarga subjetiva. Conclusões: as intervenções de enfermagem para diminuição da sobrecarga e promoção da funcionalidade familiar devem priorizar cuidadores de mulheres com transtorno mental, auxiliá-los no manejo dos comportamentos problemáticos e sensibilizar o núcleo familiar para a corresponsabilidade pelo cuidado do ente adoecido, sobretudo nas famílias com crianças que demandam cuidados diários.

Introduction: The birth of a preterm child has a high family emotional cost. The aim of this study is to assess the quality of life of parents of children aged 5–7 years born prematurely (

espanolEste articulo analizo la relacion entre variables familiares (funcionalidad familiar, satisfaccion familiar y tipologia familiar) y conductas adictivas (consumo de alcohol, sustancias psicoactivas ilicitas, adiccion a internet), en estudiantes de pregrado de una universidad de Manizales. Se llevo a cabo un estudio transversal analitico, en muestra representativa de 318 estudiantes. Se cuantifican variables demograficas y familiares: funcionalidad familiar (Apgar familiar), satisfaccion familiar (cuestionario de Olson) y conductas adictivas consumo de alcohol (cuestionario Audit), consumo problematico de drogas (cuestionario DAST) y adiccion a internet (cuestionario de Lima). Los resultados mostraron que predomina la familia nuclear (40,3 %), la disfuncion familiar leve (38,7 %), promedio de 71,27 (maximo 100) de satisfaccion familiar, el 80,3 % consumen alcohol con el 42,6 % de consumo riesgoso, el 21,5 % consumen sustancias psicoactivas, el 1,6 % presentan consumo riesgoso, en promedio 39,85 (maximo 100) de adiccion a internet. Solo se encuentran relaciones significativas para consumo de drogas y alcohol con la convivencia con hermanos, y para el caso de adiccion a internet con tipologia familiar. Estos resultados sugieren que en esta etapa del ciclo vital de adolescencia final y adulto joven, en proceso de separacion-individuacion e independencia de las figuras parentales, inciden otros factores diferentes del familiar como las redes sociales, los grupos de amigos, la microcultura juvenil y los componentes individuales. EnglishThis article analyzed the relationship between family variables (family functionality, family satisfaction, and family typology) and addictive behaviors (alcohol consumption, illicit psychoactive substances, Internet addiction) in undergraduate students from a university in Manizales (Colombia). It was carried out a cross-sectional analytical study, in a representative sample of 318 students. Demographic and family variables were quantified: family functionality (family APGAR), family satisfaction (OLSON questionnaire) and addictive behaviors: alcohol consumption (AUDIT questionnaire), problematic drug use (DAST questionnaire) and INTERNET addiction (LIMA questionnaire). The results showed that the nuclear family predominates 40.3%, mild family dysfunction, 38.7%, average 71.27 (maximum 100) of family satisfaction, 80.3% consume alcohol with 42.6% of risky consumption, 21.5% consume psychoactive substances, 1.6% present risky consumption, on average 39.85 (maximum 100) of addiction to INTERNET. Only significant relationships are found for drug and alcohol use with cohabitation with brothers, in the case of Internet addiction with family typology. The results suggest that in this stage of the life cycle of final adolescence and young adult, in the process of separation-individuation and independence of the parental figures, factors other than family, such as social networks, groups of friends, micro youth culture and individual components.

Introduction: Efforts to overcome the effects of the aging process are a problem for the majority of the elderly, including those who live with their families. Family has an important role in providing old age with a good quality of life. The quality of life of the elderly is influenced by various factors such as social relationships, social environment, psychological factors, and social activities. This study aims to determine the relationship between family function and quality of life in the elderly. Methods: The research design used was a correlation study, with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was multistage random sampling, the number of samples was 95 people. Data collection used the World Health Organization's Quality of Life-OLD (WHOQOL-OLD) questionnaire. Results The results showed that there was a relationship between family support using family apgar and the quality of life of the elderly (p = 0.002). Conclusion: It is recommended for families to provide optimal support by paying attention to the adaptability of the elderly, closeness, development, providing opportunities for the elderly to express feelings, and solving problems for a better quality of life for the elderly.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la interacción social de niños y niñas con el Trastorno del Espectro Autista, la “Fundación un lugar para tus sueños” de la ciudad de Portoviejo-Manabí, Ecuador. El enfoque de esta investigación es cualitativo, a través del método deductivo inductivo establece una relación entre ambas variables, apoyado en el método bibliográfico y estadístico, se aplicó el instrumento del APGAR familiar y un cuestionario para evaluar la interacción social de los/las niños/as participantes. Como resultado se obtuvo que la mayor parte de las familias tienen una función familiar normal y la interacción social de sus hijos oscila entre Buena y Regular, indicando que los niveles de funcionalidad familiar y la interacción social de los/las niños/as con TEA está íntimamente relacionado, pues el rol que cumplen los miembros de la familia es indispensables para la adaptación social del niño/a.

This study, descriptive and cross-sectional, aimed to analyze the family APGAR of elderly people with dependencies on the functionality of their respective family systems, through the medical records of a day center. The results show that the majority of the elderly are female and are between 70 and 89 years old. In calculating the family APGAR, 60% indicate family systems with good function (mild or absent dysfunction) and 40% with significant dysfunction (moderate and severe). It is recommended that during the application of the instrument, open-ended questions be asked to the dimension that scores the least to explore the weakness in the family function. Este estúdio, descriptivo y transversal, propuso analizar el APGAR familiar de personas mayores con dependencias de la funcionalidad de sus respectivos sistemas familiares, a través de los registros médicos de un centro-día. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los ancianos son mujeres y tienen entre 70 y 89 años. Al calcular el APGAR familiar, el 60% indica sistemas familiares con buena función (disfunción leve o ausente) y el 40% con disfunción significativa (moderada y grave). Se recomienda que durante la aplicación del instrumento, se realisen preguntas de tipo abiertas a la dimensión que menos califique para explorar la debilidad en la función familiar. Este estudo, descritivo e transversal, propôs-se a analisar o APGAR familiar de idosos com dependências sobre a funcionalidade dos seus respectivos sistemas familiares, através de prontuários de um centro-dia. Os resultados apontam que a maioria dos idosos é do gênero feminino e têm entre 70 e 89 anos. Na apuração do APGAR familiar, 60% indicam sistemas familiares com boa função (disfunção leve ou ausente) e 40% com disfunção significativa (moderada e acentuada). Recomenda-se que, durante a aplicação do instrumento, se façam perguntas abertas à dimensão que menos se pontua para explorar a fraqueza na função familiar.

Background: Family instability and partner conflicts are reportedly common in serodiscordant relationships. To date, the family adaptability, partnership, growth, affection and resolve (Family APGAR), a standardised tool for assessing family function, has not been used in any published literature involving this peculiar group. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of family functionality and its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serodiscordance. Setting: The study was undertaken at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Hospital and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana. Method: This was a cross-sectional study. A systematic sampling method was used to select HIV-positive clients whose partners were seropositive (concordant) or seronegative (discordant). A standardised format was used to extract relevant data. All data were analysed using STATA ® (version 14). Results were reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for study and outcome variables. Results: The study recruited 374 respondents, of which 52% (195) were in HIV-discordant relationships. Approximately 68% (254) of the respondents rated their families as functional, 15% (57) rated as moderately dysfunctional and 17% (63) rated as severely dysfunctional. A statistically significant relationship was found between family functionality and gender, as well as between family functionality and HIV status disclosure to the partner. No association was found between the Family APGAR and HIV serodiscordance. Conclusion: Amongst HIV couples, the strongest predictors of family functionality are gender and status disclosure. Healthcare providers should invest efforts into addressing gender-based challenges, utilise the Family APGAR and support disclosure of HIV status, especially amongst discordant couples.

Aim This study aimed to investigate the current situation of the spiritual health of maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients in China and analyse the influencing factors. Methods A total of 418 patients who underwent maintenance haemodialysis in three grade A tertiary hospitals were selected. The influencing factors were evaluated with demographic questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐Being (FACIT‐Sp‐12), Family APGAR Index, Herth Hope Index (HHI) and Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS). Results Spiritual health was positively correlated with the HHI, Family APGAR and AIS scores. Nationality, HHI score, Family APGAR score and AIS score were independent influencing factors of spiritual health. MHD patients had a moderate level of spiritual health. Nationality, hope, family function and acceptance of illness were significant predictors of spiritual health. Patients who have higher hope levels, better family functioning and better illness acceptance may maintain better spiritual health.

This study aimed to investigate whether children with atopic diseases exhibited different neurodevelopment function from healthy controls and whether their caregivers had differential parental stress. In total, we recruited 109 patients with atopic diseases (mean age 6.8 years, 54.1% male) and 82 healthy children (mean age 6.3 years, 54.9% male). Based on the children’s age, they underwent developmental, cognitive evaluations and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. The parenting stress of children’s caregivers was evaluated using the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12) and Family APGAR. Of the children with atopic diseases, 87.2%, 74.3%, 29.4%, and 8.3% of them had allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria, respectively. None of these conditions were associated with children’s cognitive profiles or ADHD symptoms. However, the caregivers of patients who had asthma suffered from higher CHQ-12 scores than those of patients without asthma. Furthermore, the number of atopic diseases had a dose–response effect on caregivers’ CHQ-12 scores. In conclusion, allergic diseases did not impair the cognitive development of children. However, caregivers of patients with asthma or multiple atopic diseases may suffer a greater mental health burden with regard to caring for their children. Such caregivers may require support to effectively fulfill their parenting roles.

The family is the smallest unit in society consisting of father, mother and child. In a family, there are five functions to be performed, such as affective function and coping, socialization function, reproductive function, the function of the economy, and health care function. There are several factors that can affect the function of the family, including employment, education, and economics. An agitated state of the mother and occurs after delivery characterized by feelings of sadness, crying, fear of taking care of the baby is called postpartum blues. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between family function with postpartum blues in the sub-district Puskesmas Tladan Kawedanan Magetan. The study design used is cross sectional analytic study, which means that the data collection is done in the period. The population in this study are pregnant women primigravida birth day forecast in April. These samples included 30 maternal postpartum with simple random sampling technique. The research instrument used to measure the Family APGAR questionnaire family function and EPDS questionnaire to measure postpartum blues. The measurement results were tested using the chi-square and p values obtained 0,024. P value less than 0.05 so it can be concluded that there is a correlation between family function with postpartum blues in the sub-district Puskesmas Tladan Kawedanan Magetan.

Enquadramento: o Investimento na Vida Pessoal (IVP) pode indicar-nos a valorização e atribuição de objetivos de vida do idoso, em todos os seus atributos e caraterísticas. Objetivo: avaliar o nível e determinantes de IVP percecionado pelos idosos institucionalizados. Metodologia: estudo não experimental, descritivo-correlacionai e quantitativo, realizado numa amostra de 90 idosos institucionalizados da região Centro do País. Foi utilizado um questionário, o índice de Barthel, escala de Apgar Familiar, escala da Espiritualidade, escala de Satisfação com a Vida e escala de Avaliação de Investimento na Vida Pessoal. Resultados: a perceção dos idosos sobre o IVP é para 37,8% elevado, moderado para 30,0% e baixo para 32,2%. Os homens avaliam o investimento de uma forma mais positiva que as mulheres (p =0,047), assim como os idosos com habilitações académicas superiores (p = 0,041) e com maior nível de independência funcional (p = 0,037) Também a família tem um efeito positivo e significativo (p = 0,020) no IVP do idoso, à semelhança da existência de mais esperança (p = 0,002) e maior satisfação com a vida (p = 0,013). Conclusão: os níveis de IVP dos idosos é diferenciados mas maioritariamente positivo e correlaciona-se de forma significativa com diversas variáveis que trabalhadas contribuem para um envelhecimento ativo e com qualidade.

OBJETIVO: identificar os atributos de qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT), os niveis de satisfacao e a relacao desses indicadores com a funcionalidade familiar de trabalhadores administrativos em uma universidade publica do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. METODO: Pesquisa transversal, de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados utilizando formulario de informacoes sociodemograficas, diagnostico de QVT e APGAR familiar. RESULTADOS: Os atributos de QVT mais apontados foram o bom relacionamento com colegas e superior hierarquico, jornada de trabalho, acoes de treinamento e aperfeicoamento e condicoes adequadas do ambiente fisico. Foram relatados altos niveis de satisfacao de QVT e disfuncao familiar moderada em 8% dos entrevistados. Nao observamos associacao entre os niveis de QVT e a funcionalidade familiar. A qualidade do tempo passado com a familia e mais importante que a quantidade de tempo no convivio familiar. CONCLUSOES: Observamos necessidades distintas entre trabalhadores mais novos e mais velhos na instituicao. E necessaria a busca por metodologias e formas de gestao que diminuam os conflitos entre geracoes tao distintas e que valorizem as habilidades de cada uma.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To identify quality of life characteristics at work (QWL), levels of satisfaction and the relationship of these indicators with the family functionality of administrative workers at a public university in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: This is a transversal research, with a quantitative approach. Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, diagnosis of QWL and family APGAR. RESULTS: Good relationship with peer colleagues and chief of staff, work day, training and professional development and adequate physical environment conditions were among the characteristics of QWL most highly valued. High levels of QWL satisfaction and moderate family dysfunction were reported in 8% among informants. Therefore, there does not seem to be an association between QWL levels and family functionality. The quality of time spent with the family is more important than the amount of time spent in the family. Different needs among younger and older workers in the institution are perceived. It is necessary to find methodologies to reduce conflict between generations and management methods to help them value each other’s abilities.

espanolEl embarazo conlleva cambios fisiologicos y emocionales que pueden afectar a la dinamica familiar. Algunos aspectos psicosociales no favorecen la adaptacion al embarazo, pueden causar cambios emocionales y generar manifestaciones ansiosas y depresivas. Objetivo general. Conocer la relacion del embarazo de alto riesgo con la dinamica familiar y el subsistema conyugal. Material y metodo. Estudio observacional en 30 pacientes embarazadas con riesgo obstetrico alto que se encontraban viviendo con su pareja. Se evaluaron por medio del test APGAR familiar y el subsistema conyugal. Se utilizo estadistica descriptiva para variables demograficas y chi2 para asociacion. Resultados. De acuerdo con la tipologia familiar, 73,3 % nucleares, 66,7 % modernas, 83,3 % integradas, 100 % urbanas y 50 % son empleadas. El 93,3 % de las familias son funcionales (APGAR) y segun el subsistema familiar, 90 % fueron funcionales. No se encontro asociacion estadisticamente significativa entre riesgo obstetrico y APGAR familiar (p=0,121, IC 95 % 0,106-0,118). Tampoco se encontro asociacion estadisticamente significativa entre el riesgo obstetrico y el subsistema conyugal (p=0,475, IC 95 % 0,694-0,712). Conclusion. No se encontro relacion del embarazo de alto riesgo con la dinamica familiar ni con el subsistema conyugal. EnglishPregnancy leads to physiological and emotional changes that can affect family dynamics. Some psychosocial aspects do not favor the adaptation to pregnancy and can cause emotional changes, generating anxious and depressive manifestations. Course objective. To know the relation of the high risk pregnancy with the family dynamics and the marital subsystem. Material and method. Observational study in 30 pregnant patients with high obstetric risk who were living with their partner. They were evaluated by the family APGAR test and the marital subsystem. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic variables and chi2 for association. Results. According to the family typology, 73.3% nuclear, 66.7% modern, 83.3% integrated, 100% urban and 50% are employed. 93.3% of the families are functional (APGAR) and according to the family subsystem, 90% were functional. No significance was found between obstetric risk and family APGAR (p = 0.1.21, 95% CI 0.106-0.118). As between the obstetric risk and the marital subsystem, no significance was found, finding p = 0.475, 95% CI 0.694-0.712. Conclusion. No high-risk pregnancy relationship was found with family dynamics or with the marital subsystem

Objetivo: estimar asociación entre salud familiar, características sociodemográficas y condiciones especiales en pacientes atendidos en una clínica en Cartagena (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: estudio analítico de corte transversal, en 150 pacientes de la Clínica del Adulto Especial, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Cartagena, 2011-2015. Se diseñó y aplicó cuestionario para indagar variables sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, escolaridad), prevalencia de condiciones especiales y salud familiar (tipo de familia, presencia de recursos extra familiares [ecomapa] y funcionalidad familiar [APGAR Familiar]). Se realizó estadística descriptiva (frecuencias y porcentajes), estimación de asociaciones a través de OR y regresión logística nominal con intervalos de confianza del 95 %. Resultados: El modelo multivariado que mejor explica la salud familiar en pacientes con condiciones especiales corresponde a: 1) el Vivir en familias no nucleares: Muerte de menor de 5 años en el último año (OR=10,97, IC 95%= 3,34-36,01), consumo de alcohol/drogas (OR= 7,95; IC 95%= 2,54-24,87), cirugías y tratamientos médicos sin resolver (OR= 3,31; IC 95%= 1,01-10,89), 2) Familias sin recursos extrafamiliar: tener más de 60 años (OR= 0,20; IC 95 %:0,090-0,45), cabeza de Familia Desempleado (OR= 7,81; IC 95%= 2,87-21,24) y contar con servicios de salud públicos (OR: 0,18; IC 95 %: 0,06-0,52) y 3) Disfuncionalidad familiar: hospitalización en el último año (OR= 6,28; IC 95%= 1,76-22,38). Conclusiones: Vivir en familia no nuclear, ausencia de recursos extra familiares y disfuncionalidad familiar en personas con condiciones especiales pueden comprometer el pronóstico y manejo de sus enfermedades.

Background We assessed the association of personal factors with Family APGAR not only among the subjects in nonsingle households, but also in single households. Methods We randomly chose 1 000 persons aged from 50 to 89 years in Rumoi City of the west area of Hokkaido as study candidates, and 493 subjects responded to the survey. We compared the group of high Family APGAR (FA) score of more than or equal to seven with the group of low FA score of less than or equal to 6 with regard to health‐related QOL (HRQOL), measured with SF‐8, Index of Social interaction (ISI), and other personal characteristics. Being in the low FA group indicates living with a status of poor family function. Results As a result of the multivariate logistic regression model, living in single households, currently smoking, a low score of mental component summary (MCS) in HRQOL, and a low score of lSI were all significantly associated with being in the low FA group. A low score of MCS was significantly associated with being in the low FA group both in the stratum of nonsingle households, and in the stratum of single households. Conclusions There were three risk factors of low FA. The first is a single household, second is currently smoking in a nonsingle household, and the third is low ISI. Worse mental status is found to be associated with low FA among the subjects not only in nonsingle households, but also in single households.

Family function, which improves individual resilience and strongly link to quality of life (QOL) among the elderly, increases the risk of depression. Because of these demonstrated relationships, it can be hypothesized that both depression and resilience are mediators of the association between family function and QOL.To test this hypothesis, the structural equation model (SEM) constructed by Amos 21.0 was employed to assess the indirect effect of depression (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS) and resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, CD-RISC) on the relationship between family function (Family APGAR Score, APGAR) and QOL (12-item Short Form health survey, SF-12) in 474 elderly adults from three communities in Guangzhou, China.Correlation matrix showed that depression is significantly negatively correlated with family functioning (r=-0.54, P0.01), resilience (r=-0.46, P0.01) and QOL (r=-0.63, P0.01), while resilience is significantly positively correlated with family functioning (r=0.35, P0.01) and QOL (r=0.40, P0.01). SEM indicated that Family functioning appeared to have significant indirect effects through resilience (β=0.089) and depression (β=0.307; combined β=0.056) on QOL (RThe finding supports the assumption that depression and resilience are consistent intermediary factors of the relationship between family function and QOL among the elderly.

El APGAR Familiar, instrumento utilizado para la evaluación familiar, elaborado con el objetivo de que el médico de familia obtenga información de sus pacientes en relación con la situación funcional de sus familiares. Consta de cinco preguntas, aplicables a los diferentes miembros de la familia y en momentos distintos para mejor percepción de la satisfacción del entrevistado con su vida familiar, además es de utilidad para conocer si la familia representa una respuesta positiva para el paciente o por el contrario, afecta a su enfermedad. Palabras clave: APGAR familiar; funcionalidad.

espanolIntroduccion: La mayoria de los embarazos en adolescentes y adultos jovenes son involuntarios y muchos son consecuencia del uso inconsistente de los metodos anticonceptivos. Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo que pueden influir en las adolescentes que presentan embarazos no deseados. Metodo: Estudio descriptivo transversal en estudiantes de medicina de Ecuador, para el cual se utilizo la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva 2013, escala APGAR familia y escala socioeconomica de Graffar-Mendez Castellanos. Resultados: Existio diferencia estadisticamente significativa en la edad de inicio de la vida sexual activa (18.11 ± 1.45) de las estudiantes que se embarazaron en comparacion con las que no se embarazaron (19.22 ± 2.28). La edad promedio al embarazo fue de 20.41 ± 2.18); no usaron proteccion en su primera relacion sexual, 59.3 % de las que tuvieron embarazo y 32 % de las que no lo tuvieron. El embarazo fue mas frecuente en las residentes de ciudades (100 %), catolicas (85.2 %), pertenecientes a estrato socioeconomico medio alto (55.6 %) y a familias con disfuncion moderada (40.7 %). Conclusiones: Un porcentaje importante de estudiantes de medicina tuvo algun embarazo no deseado a temprana edad; la mayoria procedia de familias con disfuncion moderada y de un nivel socioeconomico medio alto. EnglishIntroduction: Most pregnancies in adolescents and young adults are unwanted and many are the consequence of inconsistent contraception use. Objective: To analyze the risk factors that may influence on female adolescents with unwanted pregnancies. Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive study in Ecuadorian female medical students, where the 2013 National Sexual and Reproductive Health Survey, the family APGAR scale, and the Graffar-Mendez Castellanos socio-economic scale were used. Results: There was statistically significant difference in the age of active sexual life initiation between those who became pregnant (18.11 ± 1.45) and those who did not (19.22 ± 2.28). Average age at pregnancy was 20.41 ± 2.18; 59.3 % of those who had a pregnancy and 32% of those without pregnancy did not use protection in their first intercourse. Pregnancy was more common in city residents (100%), Catholic females (85.2%), who belonged to middle-high (55.6%) and middle-high socioeconomic strata (29.6%) and to families with moderate dysfunction (40.7%). Conclusions: A significant percentage of adolescents in our study had an unwanted pregnancy at an early age despite being young undergraduate medical students, coming from moderately dysfunctional families and belonging to a middle-high socioeconomic status.

Introduction In Colombia, the family APGAR questionnaire is often used to evaluate family function. However, there is no confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to corroborate the proposed one-dimensional structure in Colombian adolescent students. Objective To perform CFA on the APGAR family questionnaire in high-school students of Santa Marta, Colombia. Method A total of 1462 students of tenth and eleventh grade of official and private schools completed the family APGAR questionnaire. Students between 13 and 17 years old (M = 16.0, SD = 0.8) were included, of which 60.3% were female, and 55.3% were tenth grade students. The χ2, RMSEA, CFI, TLI and SMSR were estimated in the CFA. The internal consistency of the dimension was calculated with Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega coefficients. Results In the CFA the indexes were χ2 = 9.11, df = 5, P = 0.105; RMSEA = 0.024 (CI90%, 0.000–0.048), CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.996, and SMSR = 0.009. Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.819 and McDonald omega, 0.820. Conclusions The one-dimensional structure of the APGAR family scale is confirmed in high-school students of Santa Marta, Colombia. This questionnaire is reliable and valid for the measurement of family function in school-aged adolescents.

Background: Sexual dysfunction is an important public‑health problem, which is often less reported or explored through opportunistic evaluation during medical consultations. Objective: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and patterns of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) including the sexual quality of life among female patients attending a gynecological outpatients unit in Southwest Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a cross‑sectional descriptive study of 146 consenting women who attended the gynecological outpatients’ clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, during the study period. Participants were selected using multistage sampling technique. The survey instruments were previously validated questionnaires such as Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ28), Sexual Quality of Life‑Female Questionnaire (SQOL‑F), and the Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve (APGAR) score. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17 and P value was set at 5%. Results: The mean age was 33.8 ± 5.7 years. Most (85.6%) respondents had at least one form of sexual dysfunction. The commonest dysfunction was arousal‑sensation (62.4%) while the least was pain (3.4%). The mean SFQ28 and SQOL‑F scores were 58.0 ± 12.57 and 28.0 ± 11.94, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the SFQ28 and SQOL‑F scores across sociodemographic factors. Women classified as belonging to dysfunctional family on Family APGAR score similarly had poorer scores for sexual dysfunction (100%, P = 0.016).Conclusion: FSD is common among women attending gynecological outpatients clinic. Managing clinicians should be aware of this condition and proffer appropriate care in addition to the main presenting complaint. Key words: Female; Nigeria; outpatients; sexual dysfunction.Key words: Female; Nigeria; outpatients; sexual dysfunction

Resumen: Introducción: El nacimiento de un hijo prematuro conlleva un alto coste emocional familiar. El objetivo es valorar la calidad de vida de los progenitores de una cohorte de niños prematuros nacidos con peso menor de 1.500 g, cuando estos contaban entre los 5 y los 7 años de edad. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio transversal de encuestas personales a progenitores de niños de entre 5 y 7 años de edad que estuvieron ingresados en un hospital terciario de España entre 2009 y 2011, siendo neonatos, por un peso al nacimiento menor de 1.500 g. Se aplicó la escala del estrés parental, test de Apgar familiar, escala de sobrecarga del cuidador de Zarit y cuestionario Graffar. Se analizan 94 casos (40 niñas y 54 niños). Resultados: Todas las escalas muestran puntuaciones de normalidad. Con la escala de Zarit, del estrés parental y el cuestionario Graffar-Méndez Castellano, los resultados no reflejan diferencias por sexo, peso ni edad gestacional. Encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el test de Apgar familiar por sexo y entre la puntuación de Graffar y el grado de disfunción familiar. En el momento del estudio, los padres de niños con problemas en el desarrollo presentaban diferencias estadísticamente significativas con los padres de niños sin alteraciones, reflejadas en el test de Apgar familiar y en la escala de Zarit. Conclusión: La posible repercusión del nacimiento de un hijo con un peso menor de 1.500 g no se aprecia con los test estudiados cuando el niño tiene entre los 5 y 7 años de edad, salvo por las diferencias que se observan en la percepción de la funcionalidad familiar y en la sobrecarga de cuidadores entre los padres de niños con alteraciones en el desarrollo y sin ellas. Abstract: Introduction: The birth of a preterm child has a high family emotional cost. The aim of this study is to assess the quality of life of parents of children aged 5-7 years born prematurely (

RESUMEN El bienestar integral del adolescente está sujeto al entorno biopsicosocial de la familia. La disfunción familiar, como factor desequilibrante en la familia, se asocia con resultados negativos durante la adolescencia, tanto conductuales como de salud. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo. El propósito fue describir la frecuencia de disfunción familiar y la repercusión en los adolescentes como grupo vulnerable en el seno familiar en el Barrio Rosa Mística, Mariano Roque Alonso en el 2012. Se utilizó el censo poblacional, identificándose los posibles riesgos biopsicosociales y familiares de la comunidad, la ficha clínica y el APGAR familiar como instrumentos válidos aplicados en un grupo de adolescentes residentes del Barrio Rosa Mística, área jurisdiccional de la Unidad de Salud Familiar “Virgen de Guadalupe” donde acudieron a las consultas médicas, previo consentimiento de los padres de familia y de los adolescentes. Fueron evaluados 148 adolescentes, la frecuencia de disfunción familiar severa fue de 2,0% (APGAR familiar < 3), y la de disfunción familiar leve a moderada (APGAR familiar 4-7) 57,0%, respectivamente. Existía disfunción familiar en este grupo de familias representativas (APGAR familiar leve a severo), pues se identificaron como factores de riesgo el grado de inestabilidad matrimonial de los padres de familia, la conformación del hogar, el embarazo en la adolescencia, la necesidad de trabajar del adolescente por motivos económicos lo que conlleva a la deserción escolar en algunos de los casos y, además, la alta probabilidad de que los adolescentes consuman alcohol y cigarrillo, repercutiendo en la salud biopsicosocial de los adolescentes. ABSTRACT The integral health of the adolescent is in a direct relationship to the biopsychosocial wellbeing of the family. Family dysfunction, as an unbalanced factor in the family, is associated with negative results during adolescence, both behavioral and health. An observational and descriptive study was carried out. The purpose was to describe the frequency of family dysfunction and the impact in the adolescents as a vulnerable group within the families of Rosa Mística neighborhood, Mariano Roque Alonso - 2012. A population census was used to identify the possible biopsychosocial and familiar risks of that community. The clinical history and the Family APGARs were used as valid instruments in a group of adolescent residents of Rosa Mística neighborhood which is into the jurisdiction of the “Virgen de Guadalupe Family Health Unit”, where they attended for medical consultation, with previous consent of the adolescents and their parents. One hundred and forty eight adolescents were studied, the frequency of severe family dysfunction was 2.0% (Family APGAR

The purpose of the present study was to learn the relationship among satisfaction with life, family care degree, psychological dependency and subjective bias of senior high school student. We are using the Life Satisfaction Scale (LSIB), Family Care Scale (APGAR), Dependent Scale (Dy), Prejudice Scale (Pr), for 300 high school students in the school randomly sampling survey. Life satisfaction was investigated with the APGAR test, psychological dependence, prejudice relationship personality. Through this study, we have drawn the following results: 1) Life satisfaction was significantly positively correlated with the degree of care to the family (r = 0.311, p < 0.01), and psychological dependence (r = -0.399, p < 0.01), subjective bias negative correlation (r = -0.328, p < 0.01). APGAR and dependence (r = -0.147, p < 0.05), biased were negatively correlated (r = -0.134, p < 0.05). Dependence and prejudice were positive correlation (r= 0.661, p < 0.01); 2) as for high school students of different gender within life satisfaction, family care degree, dependency and prejudice score comparison, APGAR t test was significantly (t = -2.38, p < 0.05); 3) by comparison of the scores of different professions, science students life satisfaction was higher than liberal arts students (t = 2.12, p < 0.05); 4) family APGAR and dependence predict life satisfaction (p < 0.01) were greater than the subjective bias (p = 0.177) of forecasts. The role of the family APGAR return was greater than the return action dependent. Based on these results, we have come to the conclusion that the degree of family care and psychological dependence performance effectively predicts life satisfaction. APGAR on life satisfaction was positively predicted. Psychological dependency on life satisfaction was negative prediction.

espanolEl enfoque familiar es la base de la medicina familiar y comunitaria, es la unidad basica, el estudio de la familia puede realizarse partiendo de distintos enfoques, pudiendo seguir criterios biomedica y sociologicos. Se cuenta con tecnicas e instrumentos para el estudio de acontecimientos de situaciones estresantes en la familia. La atencion con enfoque de salud familiar es flexible, dinamica, interactiva, capaz de prever y brindar respuesta oportuna. La familia se enfoca como un sistema, en donde existe subsistemas que interrelacionan entre si. Para el estudio de la familia se usan genograma, APGAR familiar y otros cuestionarios como el GHQ-28, el abordaje de cada familia depende de sus caracteristicas. EnglishThe family approach is the basis of family and community medicine, it is the basic unit, the study of the family can be carried out based on different approaches, being able to follow biomedical and sociological criteria. There are techniques and instruments for studying events of stressful situations in the family. Family health-focused care is flexible, dynamic, interactive, capable of anticipating and providing a timely response. The family is focused as a system, where there are subsystems that interrelate with each other. For the study of the family, a genogram, a family apgar and other questionnaires such as the GHQ-28 are used, the approach of each family depends on its characteristics.

Objective: to check the existence of an association between personality traits of the caregiver of elderly people with dementia and family functionality. Method: cross-sectional study with the participation of 118 caregivers of elderly people with dementia in two geriatric services. The following variables were investigated: family functionality (family APGAR scale); sociodemographic; cognitive impairment of the elderly person (GDS scale); personality traits of the caregiver (NEO-FFI-R inventory); overload (Zarit overload inventory); depressive symptoms (CES-D scale). Beta regression and path modeling were used to check the hypothesis of the influence of these variables on family functionality. Results: Beta regression pointed to a predictive model in which the variables “do not share care”, “cognitive impairment of the elderly person”, “depressive symptoms of the caregiver” and “conscientiousness” have influence on family functionality. Path modeling showed that personality traits of caregivers have a strong influence on overload and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The study contributed to highlighting the importance of enhancing the assistance to the caregiver of the elderly person with dementia. The results point to the need for intervention studies that consider the personality of the caregiver, the family support and the psychological health of the caregiver, aiming at the preparation of specific and more effective protocols.

The aim of the study was to measure whether people at increased risk for eating disorders (EDs) and people without an increased risk of EDs differ from each other in the assessment of family functioning (FF) and self-esteem (SE) dimensions. Moreover, the correlations between FF, EDs, and SE were verified, looking for the mediating role of SE in the context of the FF and EDs. The research was conducted on the group of 160 people aged from 18 to 47 years, including 74 people at increased risk for EDs. We used: The Family APGAR (Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve); The SCOFF Questionnaire; The Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory, MSEI. Analyses indicate that the compared groups differ significantly in terms of EDs, assessment of FF, and all components of SE, in such a way that people without an increased risk of EDs are characterized by a more positive assessment of FF and higher SE in all its dimensions. All SE dimensions, except defensive high SE, are mediators in the relationship of FF with EDs. In therapeutic interactions, it is worth focusing on the SE dimensions, as they are one of the mediation elements in the relationship between the assessment of FF and EDs.