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Five time-dependent orbital optimized coupled-cluster methods, of which four can converge to the time-dependent complete active space self-consistent-field method, are presented for fermion-mixtures with arbitrary fermion kinds and numbers. Truncation schemes maintaining the intragroup orbital rotation invariance, as well as equations of motion of coupled-cluster (CC) amplitudes and orbitals, are derived. Present methods are compact CC-parameterization alternatives to the time-dependent multiconfiguration self-consistent-field method for systems consisting of arbitrarily different kinds and numbers of interacting fermions. Theoretical analysis of applications of present methods to various chemical systems is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeThis study sought to understand family functioning surrounding weight in Mexican American women with obesity.MethodsSemi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with mothers and adult daughters (N = 116).ResultsThematic analysis identified five themes. 1) The communication process drives perception of supportive messages. Messages perceived as non-supportive consist of directives as interventions, confirmation of faults, and critical compliments whereas supportive consist of compliments, encouragement, empathetic listening, and disclosure. 2) Acculturation differences interfere with intergenerational alliance. Differences involve dissonance in communication, behavioural expectations, and weight-related practices. 3) Maladaptive conflict responses contribute to relational strain. These responses include avoidance, withdrawal, and defensiveness. 4) Role transformations alter the generational hierarchical relationship. Daughters serve as role models, caregivers, or collaborators. 5) Low communal coping heightens psychological distress. It does so by challenging family roles, increasing social isolation, and compromising social support.ConclusionObesity interventions for Mexican American women may benefit from targeting relational skills to improve family functioning.

Despite firms' continued interest in using influencers to reach their target consumers, academic and practical insights are limited on what levers an influencer can use to enhance audience engagement using their posts. We demonstrate that posting stories with or about people whom they share close ties with—such as family, friends, and romantic partners—can be one effective lever. Content that incorporates close social ties can be effective for several reasons: it may increase perceptions of authenticity, enhance perceived similarity, increase the perception that the influencer possesses more warmth, and could satisfy viewers' interpersonal curiosity. We analyze texts and photographs of 55,631 posts of 763 influencers on Instagram, and after controlling for several variables, we find robust support that consumers "like" posts that reference close social ties. Furthermore, this effect enhances when first-person pronouns are used to describe special moments with these close ties. We supplement the Instagram data with an experimental approach and confirm the relationship between close ties and consumer engagement. Managerially, this is a useful insight as we also show that sponsored posts tend to be perceived negatively compared to non-sponsored posts; yet, embedding social ties on the sponsored posts can mitigate consumers' negative responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although guilt is often considered the most prevalent emotional outcome of work–family conflict (WFC), most work–family research focuses on family‐related guilt stemming from work interference with family, rather than job‐related guilt stemming from family interference with work (FIW). In addition, there is little understanding of how different employee social groups experience the implications of FIW in their daily lives. To address these research gaps, this study explores the relationship between daily FIW and job‐related guilt, and its subsequent impact on job satisfaction. It also investigates variation in these relationships by (1) gender and (2) the intersection of gender and ethnicity. Bayesian multilevel structural equation modeling using data from 5‐day diary surveys from 210 solicitors in Britain shows daily FIW is associated with higher job‐related guilt and subsequently lower job satisfaction. The relationship is stronger for women than men in general, but is also stronger for South Asian women than white British women (and men), and for South Asian men than white British men. This suggests that studies focusing on single social group characteristics (e.g., gender) are likely to obscure intersectional effects that might produce significant within‐group variation. The findings also highlight the importance of integrating workplace inequality arguments into theorization of WFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to expand the current knowledge on the relationship between poverty, family functioning, and the mental health of adolescent girls in families affected by poverty and HIV/AIDS in southern Uganda. The study investigates the association between family functioning and mental health and examines whether family functioning moderates the intervention effect on adolescent mental health. METHODS: Longitudinal data were collected over the course of 24 months in a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted among N=1,260 girls aged 14-17 years in Uganda. Participants were randomized into control group (n=408 girls from n=16 schools), matched youth development accounts treatment, YDA (n=471 girls from n=16 schools), and integrated intervention combining YDA with multiple family group component (n=381 girls from n=15 schools). RESULTS: We found a significant positive association between family functioning and mental health of adolescent girls in our sample. Moderator analyses suggests that effect of the intervention on Beck Hopelessness Scale was significantly moderated by family cohesion (χ2 (4) =21.43; p = .000), frequency of family communication (χ2 (4) =9.65; p = .047), and quality of child-caregiver relationship (χ2 (4) =11.12; p = .025). Additionally, the intervention effect on depression was moderated by the comfort of family communication (χ2 (4) =10.2; p = .037). DISCUSSION: The study findings highlight the importance of family functioning when examining the link from poverty to adolescent mental health. The study contributes to the scarce evidence suggesting that asset-accumulation opportunities combined with a family strengthening component may improve parenting practices and adolescent mental health in poor households.

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion This study presents initial results from the KINMATRIX survey, a large‐scale source of ego‐centric network data offering an unprecedented level of scope and detail in mapping family relationships.Research on kinship networks is limited by the scarcity of available data. As a result, key phenomena remain insufficiently understood, including the importance of extended kin, contrasts between kinship lines, and cross‐national differences. Notably, extended kin provide a unique “strength in numbers” that can enhance social transmission, integration, and support.We analyzed data from anchor respondents aged 25–35 (N = 11,788 anchors; 239,220 anchor‐kin dyads) collected in seven Western countries (Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, United Kingdom, and United States). Kinship networks included a large array of nuclear, extended, and complex kin (on average, 20 kin per anchor). We used descriptive methods to examine retrospective, current, and prospective assessments of kin ties across four measures: importance, closeness, contact, and support.We report three main findings: First, extended kin are central to younger adults' lives, representing at least half of the family members they are emotionally close to, regularly contact, and deem important. Second, kinship networks are matrilineally tilted. Maternal kin are emotionally closer, more frequently contacted, considered more important, and more supportive. Third, cross‐national comparisons reveal both similarities and notable differences, with the United States and Sweden showing elevated importance of extended and complex kin and Italy exhibiting higher social integration with nuclear and extended kin.Data on kinship networks can significantly advance our understanding of key family phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that often emerges in childhood and manifests through persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are inappropriate for the child's developmental level. The disorder can significantly disrupt academic performance, social interactions, and family dynamics, with symptoms often continuing into adulthood. ADHD affects approximately 3% to 7% of schoolage children globally, with a higher prevalence in boys, and is frequently observed across all cultural, racial, and socioeconomic groups. The etiology of ADHD is multifaceted, involving genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors. Potential causes include neuromaturational delays, neurotransmitter imbalances, and structural or functional abnormalities in brain regions, particularly the frontal lobes. Additionally, prenatal factors such as tobacco or alcohol exposure and environmental toxins are associated with increased ADHD risk. Symptoms of inattention include difficulties sustaining focus, disorganization, and forgetfulness, while hyperactivity is characterized by excessive movement and restlessness. Impulsivity in children with ADHD can lead to hasty actions without consideration of consequences. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing ADHD, as untreated symptoms can impair educational and social development. Understanding the diverse presentations and underlying causes of ADHD is essential for effective treatment and support strategies, highlighting the need for continued research and awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion Implications The goal was to assess how cohesive parents perceive their stepfamilies to be and to explain how cohesion relates to aspects of stepfamily structure.Cohesion is important to study as it can bolster the well‐being of stepfamily members. Prior research has mostly considered relationship qualities as predictors of cohesion. Little is known about differences in cohesion by family structure (i.e., whether parents have a shared child, whether the stepfamily is simple or complex, and in which households the respective children live).We analyzed data from a sample of Dutch divorced parents (N = 3,056) using linear regression.Parents perceived their stepfamilies as very cohesive. Having a shared child with the current partner was associated with higher perceptions of cohesion, whereas having a stepchild was associated with lower perceptions of cohesion. Non‐ or part‐time residency of parents' biological child from their previous relationship or their potential stepchild was associated with lower perceptions of cohesion. Cohesion was lowest in complex stepfamilies in which parents' biological children and potential stepchildren followed nonaligning residence arrangements.Aspects of stepfamily structure appear to affect perceptions of stepfamily cohesion. These findings imply that well‐being of stepfamily members in complicated stepfamily structures might be lower.To understand stepfamily cohesion and design therapeutic approaches for stepfamilies, it is crucial to look beyond relationship qualities and explicitly consider the role of stepfamily structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SYNOPSISObjective. This study sought to better understand parent relationships with kinship caregivers, with an eye toward parents’ perceptions of how kinship caregiver mindsets and behaviors surrounding substance use may have impacted parents. Design. Data came from transcripts of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 16 parents in the United States, who had substantiated child welfare cases related to substance use. Transcripts were dual-coded, and analysis was guided by the reflexive thematic analysis framework. Results. Parents described two different experiences with kinship caregivers. For some families, parents reported fragmentation of their support system; parents described caregivers as undermining their parental authority, disrupting attachment bonds, and communicating with children in ways that perpetuated stigma around substance use. Other parents reported increased cohesion among family members; parents described caregivers as supportive and empowering, particularly as they navigated mandated “recovery.” Conclusions. Findings offer insights to help inform decision-making by both practitioners and policymakers by giving a voice to parents as they navigate the complex systems of child welfare services and drug court programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of postpartum depression (PPD) among Chinese women surpasses the global average, and this disparity is closely associated with the level of social support they receive. Using Sensitive Interaction Systems Theory and Family Communication Patterns Theory as guiding frameworks, we conducted a content analysis of 705 posts gathered from the hashtag #PPD (chanhou yiyu) on Zhihu, a popular Chinese social media platform. Our findings reveal that postpartum women primarily seek social support from their husbands and mothers-in-law through indirect nonverbal and direct verbal communication strategies. They tend to receive more problem-focused support than emotion-focused solace. Moreover, the use of direct verbal communication strategies promotes potential support providers' problem-solving behaviors, while the use of indirect nonverbal strategies elicits their avoidance behaviors. In addition, the conversation-oriented family communication pattern strengthens the positive association between direct verbal communication and support-providing behaviors, whereas the conformity-oriented family communication pattern weakens this relationship. This study contributes to the applicability of the abovementioned theories in the Chinese context and provides insights for future interventions aimed at addressing PPD among women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood trauma (CT) and family functioning exert significant influences on the course and long-term outcome of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) patients. Hence, we examined the intricate relationship between CT, family function, and the severity of depressive episodes in MDD and BD patients. 562 patients with depressive episodes (336 MDD and 226 BD) and 204 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this retrospective study. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES II-CV) were assessed. Pearson correlation analysis and mediation analysis were performed. CT had both a direct and indirect impact on depression severity in MDD and BD groups. In MDD, family adaptability mediated the impact of all CT subtypes on depression severity (Effect = 0.113, [0.030, 0.208]). In BD, family cohesion played a mediating role between emotional neglect (EN) and HAMD-17 scores (Effect = 0.169, [0.008, 0.344]). Notable differences were observed in onset age, illness duration, episode frequency, family history, and CT subtypes between MDD and BD (P < 0.05). This study has several limitations including recall bias, lack of objective family functioning measures, small sample size, and cross-sectional design. Family functioning mediated the impact of CT on depressive symptoms severity in MDD and BD patients. MDD patients with a history of CT exhibited reduced family adaptability, while BD patients with a history of EN had weaker familial emotional bonds. Our findings highlighted the importance of family-focused preventive interventions in mitigating the long-term effects of CT. • Family function mediates childhood maltreatment and depression severity in MDD and BD. • Family adaptability intermediates between all subtypes of childhood trauma and MDD. • Family cohesion is a mediator between emotional neglect and depressive phase of BD. • A supportive familial environment mitigates the repercussions of childhood trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This study investigated family mechanisms through which pandemic stressors affect parental stress using the Double ABC‐X model of family stress and adaptation. Specifically, this study examines the moderated mediation effects to test the conditional indirect influence of a moderating variable (i.e., family resilience beliefs) on the relationship between a predictor (i.e., stressor pile‐up) and an outcome variable (i.e., stress) through potential mediators (i.e., family satisfaction and relationship satisfaction). The analytic sample included 9269 participants from 10 sub‐Saharan countries. The findings do not support the hypothesis predicting a second‐stage moderating mediation model where family resiliency beliefs would moderate the second‐stage indirect paths of family satisfaction and relationship satisfaction, creating conditional indirect effects. The findings suggest that interventions should involve community‐based programmes that emphasize family support and access to resources while recognizing the complex interplay between family resilience beliefs, cultural values and beliefs of African families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigates breast cancer screening disparities among Mexican immigrant women in rural and urban U.S. communities, focusing on cultural beliefs, healthcare access, and geographical differences. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 350 Mexican immigrant women aged 40+ without prior cancer diagnosis was conducted in rural (<2000 population) and urban parts of the U.S. in 2015. Culturally tailored surveys during household visits, clinic appointments, and community meetings assessed cultural beliefs, mammography engagement, and family support. Comparative analyses t -tests and chi-square tests were conducted, with significance set at P <.05. Results: Rural women demonstrated higher adherence to spiritualismo (M = 4.31, SD = 1.13) compared to their urban counterparts (M = 3.91, SD = 1.36), marianismo (M = 3.33, SD = 0.45 vs M = 3.21, SD = 0.48), and machismo (M = 3.02, SD = 0.52 vs M = 2.80, SD = 0.61). The rural women also reported higher mammography rates (54.4% vs 45.6%), with 60.4% undergoing four or more mammograms. Despite barriers such as doctor non-recommendation (55.0% rural vs 45.0% urban) and embarrassment (67.9% rural vs 32.1% urban), rural women engaged more in family discussions about cancer screenings (61.7% vs 38.3%) and received more family assistance in finding health information (59.8% vs 40.2%). Conclusions: This study elucidates significant rural-urban disparities in cultural adherence and family support among Mexican immigrant women, underscoring the necessity for culturally tailored interventions to enhance breast cancer screening rates and health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2020, research has continued to grow on children’s digital practices during the COVID-19 lockdown, but the child’s perspective has commonly been ignored. This article aims to depict how the COVID-19 lockdown altered family dynamics regarding the use of technology, focusing on screen media. In particular, it illustrates how parents and children acted upon these changes, managing and negotiating children’s digital practices during the circumstances. As part of a larger European study, we have carried out online interviews with 10 Spanish families with children between 6 and 12 years of age. We conducted interviews both with children and adults, complementing and dynamizing them with other instruments (questionnaires and activity sheets). The study demonstrates that both children and parents are active agents in the family dynamics around the use of technology. Children have their own perspectives and expectations about technology, which do not necessarily coincide with their parents’. Furthermore, this study shows the diversity of strategies devised by the families to manage children’s digital practices, as well as to deal with the tensions that arose through the differences in perspectives and expectations during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusions Parents' perspectives on their child's obesity (BMI >IOTF‐30) management are essential to ensure positive outcomes. This study explored parents' experiences in managing their children's obesity and investigated the sociocultural and environmental factors influencing such management on Reunion Island, a French overseas department in the Indian Ocean.This qualitative study used a general inductive analysis approach. Semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted from France, between January and April 2019, with nine parents of children treated in the Childhood Obesity Unit of the Children's Hospital on Reunion Island. The interviews were analysed by using thematic analysis until data saturation.Four main themes emerged reflecting the stages of parents' experiences during treatment: a life history with feelings of justification and guilt, acceptance, involvement and activism. Cultural food traditions were a barrier to implementing healthier habits. Support and advice from the healthcare services alleviated feelings of isolation and motivated parents to be more proactive in their children's obesity management. Parents' involvement motivated their children and improved their relationships.Parent's involvement is essential in managing children's obesity. To maximise treatment outcomes, tailored interventions that address parents' unique family dynamics and sociocultural perspectives are key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The primary aim of this study is to elucidate the spiritual needs encountered by family members who intricately engage in the progression of illness within the palliative care framework, thus assuming the paramount responsibility of caregiving. Methods: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee of the University of Health Sciences İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital (17/01/2022–2022/01–16). The research was designed as a prospective study. It was conducted through face-to-face, interactive interviews with family caregivers of patients admitted to the palliative care unit at Tepecik Training and Research Hospital between April 2022 and December 2022. The interviews were performed using a phenomenological approach and structured in a question-and-answer format. Data from twenty family caregivers were analyzed using thematic analysis. The questions were specifically designed to explore the psychological processes, spirituality, conceptions of God, meaning-making, and coping strategies of the family caregivers. Results: Caregivers experienced various psychological and emotional states progressing through stages of denial, anger, and acceptance. Spirituality emerged as a critical coping mechanism providing strength and meaning amidst caregiving challenges. Caregivers' perceptions of God varied from loving to punitive, influencing their interpretations of suffering and caregiving roles. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of integrating spiritual support into palliative care practices. Recognizing and addressing caregivers' spiritual needs is crucial for enhancing their well-being and improving the quality of palliative care delivery. Training healthcare professionals in spiritual care and implementing targeted interventions can effectively support family caregivers in their caregiving journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion Implications This study explores the perception of intergenerational family board games by three generations (school‐age children, parents, and grandparents).Playing board games is a rewarding experience throughout life and is particularly relevant to take into account in intergenerational studies as this activity is often shared by different generations aiming to spend time together.Semistructured interviews were conducted with 30 participants who were recruited through word of mouth and by distributing flyers in local shops such as bakeries, laundromats, or grocery stores. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.Board games were seen as a way to connect, share values, and understand each other better, evoking many emotions. Participants viewed them as a means to strengthen intergenerational bonds. Each generation experienced unique benefits from board games based on their specific life challenges.Board games offer an efficient means of maintaining family dynamics and provide opportunities for players of different generations to better understand each other and thereby reduce the intergenerational gap.Board games offer enjoyable family leisure, fostering emotional connections and communication across generations. They help children experience emotions, allow parents to support their children's development, and enable older adults to connect with younger generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological happiness represents the ultimate pursuit of human beings, and the impact of digital technology on psychological happiness is becoming increasingly significant in the era of the digital economy. Based on data from 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study constructs an empirical model that examines the effect and mechanism of digital technology on happiness. Additionally, this study investigates the heterogeneity and robustness of the impact of digital technology on happiness. The research conclusions are as follows: Firstly, digital technology can promote psychological happiness. When controlling for other factors, the marginal effect coefficient of digital technology is 0.031. Secondly, the effect of digital technology on personal happiness varies among different groups, particularly among women, young individuals, primary and college graduates, and rural residents. Furthermore, as absolute income increases, the happiness effect of digital technology diminishes. Thirdly, in terms of the influencing mechanism, digital technology indirectly affects individual happiness by influencing health status, interpersonal relationships, employment situations and income levels. Specifically, digital technology negatively impacts personal health, interpersonal relationships, and agricultural work, while positively impacting family relationships, non-agricultural employment, absolute income and relative income. Digital technology affects happiness through these channels indirectly. Based on the study results, it is proposed that efforts should be made to enhance the development of digital technology infrastructure in remote rural areas, reduce the financial burden associated with digital technology, and promote the digital technology ecosystem. Moreover, providing online services, such as e-commerce, travel reservations, and digital financial management, can improve access to digital technology in rural areas and contribute to increased happiness levels. Simultaneously, there is a need to strengthen digital skills training, particularly among vulnerable populations such as the elderly and rural residents, to improve their proficiency in digital technologies. This can be achieved through the integration of additional educational resources, thereby facilitating cost-free digital technology training and guidance. Meanwhile, it is essential to vigorously develop the new economy and innovative employment models, create job opportunities, foster entrepreneurial prospects, and improve income levels to enhance individual well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Early recognition and indicated prevention is a promising approach to decrease the incidence of Major depressive episodes (MDE), targeting the patients during their clinical high-risk state of MDE (CHR-D). The identification of a set of stressors at the CHR-D increases the success of indicated prevention with personalized early interventions. The study evaluated stressors in the early phase of depression, developed on the basis of a patient survey on stressors. Methods: Sixty-eight inpatients (ICD10: F3x.xx) with a reported high risk state for major depressive episode (CHR-D) were included in the current study. Stressors during CHR-D were retrospectively explored using a semi-structured clinical interview supplemented by open-ended questions. A qualitative explorative content analysis was provided to identify a pattern of stressors during the prodromal phase of the patients, based on the patient's perspective. A frequency analysis was performed for the evaluation of the prevalence of reported source of stress. Results: All patients reported stressors in the prodromal phase of depression. Results demonstrates that patients with depressive disorder typically report multiple stressors, with the most common number being four. First, 18 stressors-groups were identified during coding. Interpersonal conflicts and disappointments in close relationships were most frequently reported stressors during the prodromal phase at 44.1%. The second most frequent stressor mentioned was the high qualitative or quantitative demands at work (38.2%). The third frequent source of stress was changes in close relationships and in family relationships (33.8%). Based on the categories of stressors described in the patient survey during the prodromal phase we suggested a model of stressors in CHR-D during the prodromal phase of the MDE. Discussion: The identification of a set of stressors at the early stage of MDE may increase opportunities for early intervention. In everyday clinical practice, preventive psychiatry needs clinical and adapted instruments for recording stressors in today's society. This knowledge is necessary in order to develop precisely indicated prevention for depressive disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundAimDesign and settingMethodsResultsConclusionPoint-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has long been a diagnostic tool in family medicine, although most Norwegian general practitioners (GPs) who use POCUS, scans infrequently. The broad scope of family medicine, the relatively low prevalence of illnesses and infrequent use of POCUS imply that GPs may experience diagnostic uncertainty regularly.To explore how GPs perceived and managed diagnostic uncertainty when using POCUS.A qualitative focus group study among Norwegian GPs using POCUS.Four focus group discussions were conducted. Total number of participants were 21. The interview guide was piloted, the focus group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed, and Systematic Text Condensation, a thematic cross-case analysis, was used to analyse the data.Diagnostic uncertainty using POCUS was considered as aligning to the general clinical uncertainties in family medicine, but there were also POCUS-specific uncertainties in clinical decision-making. We generated six themes: emotional, cognitive, and ethical uncertainty using POCUS, communicating uncertainty to patients, interaction with specialists when using POCUS, and coping strategies of participants. POCUS results were the only results the participants sometimes withheld when communicating with other specialists. POCUS itself stimulated a renewed interest in family medicine. Scanning enough patients was the recommended coping strategy.POCUS-using GPs experienced diagnostic uncertainty when using POCUS that aligned with other diagnostic uncertainties they experienced in everyday practice. However, they did not treat the results like other findings, as the GPs at times withheld their POCUS findings when interacting with secondary care specialists. This requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on adolescents were extensive, touching aspects of their lives such as those reviewed in this Special Section : school experiences, family relationships, peer relationships, and civic engagement. In parallel with these effects on individuals, the fields of developmental and psychological science were shaken up by this global crisis. The accelerated transition to online data collection and collaboration presented opportunities to expand research on adolescence, breaking down many physical and social barriers to participation and sparking methodological innovation. Yet, this crisis also shed light on the global digital divides and the uneven impacts of the pandemic across the research community. This commentary reflects on the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the methods and methodologies of developmental science, the challenges and opportunities it surfaced, and the populations included and omitted in this period of research. We integrate reflections on how the pandemic shaped our own research and on how the pandemic has shaped the future of developmental science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of cardiometabolic morbidity (e.g., high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, type 2 diabetes) and multimorbidity development (2 or more cardiometabolic morbidities) are rapidly growing in the US. Cardiometabolic morbidity and multimorbidity are linked to poor well‐being outcomes, high healthcare costs, and mortality. There is little known about cardiometabolic multimorbidity health disparities, particularly regarding mutable factors that might be targeted in future health interventions. In the present study, using a biopsychosocial framework (Biobehavioral Family Model), we examine whether cardiometabolic morbidity and multimorbidity development are linked to premorbid family and marital relationships and if it differs depending on socioeconomic status (i.e., educational attainment) using three waves of Midlife in the US (N = 4951). We assessed cardiometabolic development with three conceptualizations: number of cardiometabolic morbidities (i.e., count variable), individual cardiometabolic morbidities (i.e., diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, heart attack), and severity of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (e.g., 3+ vs. zero morbidities). Family strain increased the number of cardiometabolic morbidities (OR = 1.17) and the severity of multimorbidity (e.g., 3+ morbidities: OR = 1.38). People with a high school education experienced family support as a buffer to the negative health impact of education level. Generally, marital quality appeared less impactful on cardiometabolic morbidity and multimorbidity development compared to family strain. Positive and negative family characteristics appear to function differently across educational attainment. These findings indicate that adults’ non‐intimate family relationships predict important outcomes such as diabetes, heart attack, stroke, and cardiometabolic multimorbidity and should be considered targets for preventative health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Advance care planning (ACP) is pivotal in mitigating end-of-life suffering and ensuring healthcare congruence with the values of older adults and dignity in death. Despite its paramount importance, the current readiness for ACP among community-dwelling older adults and the intricate influencing factors have yet to be explored. Objective: To review the literature focusing on ACP readiness among community-dwelling older adults and the influencing factors. Methods: A scoping review conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework. Electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, PsycINFO), as well as grey literature databases (OpenGrey and GreyLit.org) were searched to identify studies published in English between January 2012 and March 2023. Results: 19 studies were selected, comprising 3 qualitative, 13 quantitative, 2 mixed-methods, and 1 review article. The study evaluated the readiness of older adults for ACP by examining their knowledge and attitudes. It categorizes influencing factors into intrinsic and extrinsic levels. This review revealed that the knowledge about ACP among older adults across all settings was limited. However, they had positive attitudes toward it. In addition, intrinsic factors including sociodemographic characteristics, psychological factors, and family relationships, along with extrinsic factors including health care professionals' attitudes and experience, as well as policies and laws, influenced the ACP readiness among older adults. Conclusions: This study established the groundwork for future ACP intervention trials, providing a theoretical framework to guide their design and implementation. operationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of Rota–Baxter family algebra is a generalization of Rota–Baxter algebra. It appears naturally in the algebraic aspects of renormalizations in quantum field theory. Rota–Baxter family algebras are closely related to dendriform family algebras. In this paper, we first construct an L∞-algebra whose Maurer–Cartan elements correspond to Rota–Baxter family algebra structures. Using this characterization, we define the cohomology of a given Rota–Baxter family algebra. As an application of our cohomology, we study formal and infinitesimal deformations of a given Rota–Baxter family algebra. Next, we define the notion of a homotopy Rota–Baxter family algebra structure on a given A∞-algebra. We end this paper by considering the homotopy version of dendriform family algebras and their relations with homotopy Rota–Baxter family algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to analyse the relevant factors that may affect post-stroke fatigue (PSF) in patients with stroke and further explore the correlation between family functioning and PSF. Methods: Patients who had experienced a first episode of stroke and were admitted to the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were rigorously screened. The general data and family functioning of the patients on admission were collected, and their family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection and resolve scores and their PSF on the 5th day of admission were collected using the fatigue severity scale (FSS). Multiple linear regression analysis was then utilized to explore the factors affecting PSF in patients with stroke. Results: A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed, and 220 were returned, with 212 valid questionnaires and a valid return rate of 96.4%. These 212 patients had a family functioning score of 6.58 ± 2.00 and an FSS score of 36.62 ± 10.96. Spearman's correlation analysis showed negative correlations between the FSS scores and the adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, resolve and family functioning scores (r = -0.380, -0.505, -0.470, -0.303, -0.281 and -0.712, respectively; p < 0.001). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis showed that family functioning (β' = -0.516), marital status (β' = -0.244), household income (β' = -0.185), literacy (β' = -0.181) and activities of daily living (β' = -0.084) were influential factors for PSF in patients with stroke (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant negative correlation between family functioning and PSF, suggesting that better family functioning may help mitigate the severity of post-stroke fatigue. Healthcare providers should identify interventions to help patients and families address fatigue, boost disease recovery, promote patients' physical and mental health and improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Concussion and communication researchers have yet to study how post‐concussion communication changes affect youths' daily lives. The lack of attention paid to how young people respond to communication changes during concussion recovery constitutes a significant gap in current concussion management research and practices. Aims: To explore how youth respond to the effects of post‐concussion communication changes in their daily life, including (1) daily routines, (2) relationships with family members, (3) relationships with peers and (4) participation in school/work and community activities. Methods & Procedures: Five youths (16–25 years) and three family members participated in this arts‐based reflexive collective case study. Ecocultural theory provided the theoretical framework for study design, data collection and analysis. Cases consist of (1) pre‐interview demographic information, (2) three 60–90‐min virtual interviews, (3) optional family member interviews, (4) multi‐media arts‐based participant‐generated materials representing participants' experiences of communication change and concussion, and (5) researcher observations, discussions and reflexive journal entries. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Outcomes & Results: Analysis yielded four themes that illustrate the ways youth navigated and adapted to post‐concussion communication changes: (1) navigating changes in communication tasks, daily roles, and identity; (2) re‐negotiating relationships and emotional reactions; (3) seeking control and learning to let go during recovery; and (4) helping youth adapt to post‐concussion communication changes. Conclusions & Implications: The study findings deepen our understanding of the impact of post‐concussion communication changes on youths' daily lives and underscore considerations critical to the development of communication‐focused concussion education programs and interventions tailored specifically for youth. What this paper adds: What is already known on the subject: Youth is a critical period of social and emotional development. Communication is integral to identity, relationships, participation in daily activities and well‐being. Concussions can affect speech clarity, fluency, understanding and use of language, and social interactions. Re‐engaging in routine activities and pre‐injury roles can be challenging for youth experiencing communication changes as part of complex concussion recoveries. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge: Findings from this research illuminate how youth navigate and adapt to communication changes post‐concussion and support the development of youth‐focused communication education programs, assessments and interventions. Youth participants actively managed their recoveries by developing innovative strategies to support their communication during daily activities, learning about communication, practicing communication tasks sequentially, and facing fears. Youth also reframed and challenged narrow views of 'normal communication'. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: Findings highlight the need for more youth‐ and communication‐focused education materials and programs within youth concussion management protocols. Information about the specific ecological and sociocultural factors youth encounter during concussion recovery is needed to develop targeted communication‐focused education and intervention programs for youth and their families to mitigate risks of isolation, loneliness, and mental health concerns and increase youths' participation in family, community and cultural life. By learning from youth about how communication changes affected their participation in daily activities, identity and relationships, clinicians can provide information and interventions to reduce adverse listener reactions and help young people feel supported and understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the decision amongst the children and grandchildren of Auschwitz survivors to replicate the concentration camp number of their survivor family member on their own body. The article sheds new light on the complex intergenerational legacy of the Holocaust and on memorial practices. By focusing on the tattoo as a form of memorial practice, the article captures the intersections between the contemporary trend of tattooing and the concentration camp number as the visual symbol of the crimes of the Nazis. Drawing on data from qualitative interviews with 13 descendants of Holocaust survivors, the article considers motivations for getting the tattoo, conversations with the survivor parent or grandparent about the tattoo (if they were still alive), as well as the design and placement on the body. The decision to replicate the number was a statement about family relationships and was often a way of expressing love, legacy and continuity and pride. Some descendants who replicated the number, which had dehumanised and stigmatised their ancestor, saw it as a way of reclaiming. The tattoo also had a dialogical function, keeping family stories and histories alive as we enter the post-witness era. The sociological analysis is this article shows how personal lives are shaped by memories, as well as secrets and silences, and how they connect with history, relationships and identity. This article contributes to our understanding of the legacy of the Holocaust on families and family relationships and the corporeal impacts across generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study unveils essential longitudinal findings on occupational burnout (OB) among healthcare workers (HCWs) during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, showing significant OB increases. By identifying social support and sleep quality as key protective factors, it provides strategic insights for enhancing HCW well-being and shaping resilient clinical practices and health policies in postpandemic scenarios. Objectives: To assess occupational burnout (OB) changes among Brazilian healthcare workers (HCWs) from COVID-19 onset to 6 months later (T1) and identify risk and protective factors. Methods: Using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and hierarchical multivariate linear regression in a two-stage online survey (initial n = 1054; T1 n = 316), this study examined the impact of various factors on OB. Results: Significant increases in personal and work-related OB were observed by T1. Psychiatric diagnosis and workload emerged as risk factors (P < 0.01), while having a partner, good family relations, workplace well-being, and adequate sleep were protective (P < 0.001). Conclusions: OB levels among Brazilian HCWs increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions should target personal and organizational wellness to alleviate burnout, emphasizing the importance of strong relationships, workplace health, and good sleep practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a vaccination education module to improve vaccine expectations and behaviors among college freshmen. Participants: The participants were 177 college freshmen at one private Utah university. Participants were eligible for this study if admitted as new freshmen during the 2019–2020 school year. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional pre- and post-education evaluation assessing vaccine expectations and behaviors using Likert-type and open-ended questions. Results: After completing the vaccination education module, participants' vaccine expectations and behavioral intentions improved. Participants reported they were more likely to be up-to-date on personal vaccines and more likely to expect other students to be up-to-date on their vaccinations. Participants were more likely to ask other students to vaccinate and were also more likely to ask their family members to be vaccinated. Conclusions: This online vaccination education module effectively improved participants' vaccine expectations and behavioral intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Women with a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer have an increased ovarian cancer risk. Yet it remains uncertain if common ovarian cancer risk factors—especially those that are modifiable—affect this high-risk population similarly to the general population. Methods Using the Danish and Swedish nationwide registers, we established 2 nested case-control study populations in women with a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer (2138 ovarian cancers, 85 240 controls) and women without (10 730 ovarian cancers, 429 200 controls). The overall and histology-specific associations were assessed with conditional logistic regression. The country-specific estimates were combined based on a fixed-effect assumption. Results Multiparity, hysterectomy, tubal ligation, salpingectomy, and oral contraceptive (OC) use were associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer in women with and without a family history, while endometriosis and menopausal hormone therapy were associated with increased risk. Multiparity and OC use presented protective effects across all histologic subtypes except mucinous ovarian cancer, which was not associated with OC use. Menopausal hormone treatment increased the risk of serous ovarian cancer but decreased the risk of the mucinous and clear cell cancers. Endometriosis was especially related to an increased risk of endometrioid and clear cell ovarian cancer. Conclusion Factors associated with a decreased ovarian cancer risk were similar between women with and without a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Given the higher baseline risk for women with a family history, special attention should be paid to risk factors like endometriosis and nulliparity in this high-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the challenges and opportunities in managing alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), emphasizing the importance of effective treatment for improving patient outcomes. Topics include the role of family support in recovery, barriers such as stigma and healthcare system complexities, and the potential for integrative care models to improve treatment for patients with comorbid AUD and ALD.

The cell wall is a crucial feature that allows ancestral streptophyte green algae to colonize land. Expansin, an extracellular protein that mediates cell wall loosening in a pH-dependent manner, could be a powerful tool for studying cell wall evolution. However, the evolutionary trajectory of the expansin family remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted a comprehensive identification of 2461 expansins across 64 sequenced species, ranging from aquatic algae to terrestrial plants. Expansins originated in chlorophyte algae and may have conferred the ability to loosen cell walls. The four expansin subfamilies originated independently: α-expansin appeared first, followed by β-expansin, and then expansin-like A and expansin-like B, reflecting the evolutionary complexity of plant expansins. Whole genome duplication/segmental duplication and tandem duplication events greatly contributed to expanding the expansin family. Despite notable changes in sequence characteristics, the intron distribution pattern remained relatively conserved among different subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis divided all the expansins into five clades, with genes from the same subfamily tending to cluster together. Transcriptome data from 16 species across ten lineages and qRT-PCR analysis revealed varying expression patterns of expansin genes, suggesting functional conservation and diversification during evolution. This study enhances our understanding of the evolutionary conservation and dynamics of the expansin family in plants, providing insight into their roles as cell wall-loosening factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black boys and young men are disproportionately burdened with navigating contexts of community violence resulting from race-based structural inequities and concentrated disadvantage. Despite this chronic adversity, many Black boys and young men thrive; however, resilience research has traditionally focused on identifying individual- and family-level factors that support resilience. Research has yet to fully examine community-level resources that facilitate processes of resilience for Black boys and young men in the contexts of trauma, violence, and poverty. Guided by ecological frameworks and using the community-based participatory method of action-oriented community diagnosis, our qualitative study examines the perspectives of diverse community stakeholders (N = 29) whose roles and influence span systems levels and shape contexts of violence and healing for Black boys and young men in Greensboro, North Carolina. Findings point toward relationship (mentoring), community (safe spaces to heal), and societal (interventions to dismantle racism) level opportunities and barriers ("terroristic territorialism") to promote resilience in Black boys and young men. Implications for research and praxis that broadens the scope of resilience research from successful adaptation to conditions of community violence to community-level intervention to promote resilience and transformation are discussed. Public Significance Statement: Community violence is a public health epidemic that disproportionately affects the psychological, emotional, physical, social, and behavioral well-being of Black boys and young men. As communities and cities search for ways to reduce and prevent violence, identifying ways to promote resilience is necessary for mitigating the negative outcomes associated with community violence exposure for Black boys and young men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The leading cause for medical evacuation from the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility is because of mental health conditions. The In-Theater Mental Health Assessment (ITMHA) is a DoD-required screening of deployed personnel. It is vital to examine the efficacy of ITMHA's potential to significantly impact the mental health outcomes of service members. Materials and Methods All ITMHA results of individuals in 2 deployed Army battalions along with a brigade headquarters deployed to U.S. Central Command between October 2022 and October 2023 were collected and analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the results of the ITMHA. Results Of 670 deployed service members, 157 (23%) scored positive on ITMHA. Ten service members were referred for additional mental health evaluation. The remaining 147 (22%) service members who scored positive were not referred because of a lack of significant impairment or were already engaged in mental health services. One service member in the study was evacuated because of a mental health condition. The most common major life stressors identified were family/relationship issues, sleep problems, and mental health concerns. Conclusions The number of deployed personnel identified through the ITMHA as requiring mental health care was modest. The ITMHA has multiple limitations that, if addressed, will improve its utility to mitigate mental health decline in the expeditionary environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article focusses on child development and family relationships in families formed through third-party assisted reproductive technologies (ART). First, we provide an overview of the existing developmental research on families formed through sperm donation, egg donation, embryo donation, and surrogacy, respectively. We then consider some of the cross-cutting themes and issues in families following different types of ART, such as the role of openness and disclosure, and making donor connections, that relate to family relationships and children’s outcomes. Finally, we reflect on some of the conceptual and methodological limitations of the current research, including its dependence on relatively homogenous samples, and its relative inattention to culture. We conclude by outlining some of the new directions for research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) have to cope with a multitude of treatment-related adverse effects that impact their quality of life (QoL) post-treatment completion. The presence of family resilience could potentially foster individual resilience and might contribute to patients' QoL. However, this interconnection has not been confirmed. Objective: To explore the relationships between family resilience, individual resilience, and QoL in patients with HNC and to determine whether individual resilience in HNC patients functions as a mediator between family resilience and QoL. Methods: From September 2022 to June 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 185 patients with HNC recruited through convenience sampling from a tertiary care hospital in Jiangsu Province, China. Self-report measures of family resilience, individual resilience, and QoL were assessed. Relationships were examined by Pearson's correlations. Structural equation models were used to assess whether individual resilience played a mediating role between family resilience and QoL. Results: There were significant positive correlations between QoL and both family resilience (r = 0.43, P <.01) and individual resilience (r = 0.59, P <.01). Moreover, family resilience had an indirect influence on QoL through its effect on individual resilience (β = 0.319, 95% CI: 0.336-0.815). Conclusion: Family resilience emerges as a significant positive factor capable of enhancing QoL for patients with HNC by bolstering their resilience. To mitigate the detrimental effects of inadequate individual resilience on QoL of patients with HNC, it is advised to implement interventions focused on enhancing family resilience. China Clinical Trials Registry number: ChiCTR2300067612 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Family caregivers of dementia patients face significant challenges, including managing their own emotional responses. Understanding factors influencing expressed emotion (EE) is crucial for effective support interventions. The aim of this study was to explore and describe changes in EE among family caregivers of dementia and its associated factors at different time points over 3 months. Methods: A 3‐month observational study was conducted in Japan. We collected demographically detailed data on family caregivers currently providing care, including care burden, relationship closeness, and depression. We assessed EE using the validated Family Attitude Scale (FAS). After adjustment for multiple confounding factors, multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess factors affecting EE at various time points. Linear regression analysis with generalised estimating equations was used to assess associations between 3‐month time‐varying EE and burden, intimacy, and depression. Results: Fifty‐six family caregivers completed the study. Changes in FAS scores did not show statistical differences over 3 months. It is worth noting that the degree of relationship closeness and care burden are important influencing factors of EE in both cross‐sectional analysis and longitudinal analysis. Conclusions: Early identification of risk factors can aid in developing interventions aimed at preventing high levels of EE in the dementia family, thereby mitigating their detrimental effects. Tailored interventions are essential to enhance caregiver well‐being and cultivate positive caregiver–patient relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Final Report of the Disability Royal Commission (the Commission) takes a largely generic view of disability and does not fully consider the complex experiences and needs of people with intellectual disabilities and the unique ways that families can contribute to the fulfilment of their lives. The aim of this article is to fill this gap by highlighting the importance of the family context, the "informal supports" or "natural safeguards" provided by many families, and the contributions these relationships make to the safety and inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities. Given the significance of family relationships for this group, it is unfortunate that the Commission's recommendations pay limited attention to the considerable value family relationships add to the lives of people with intellectual disabilities, especially sibling relationships, which can last a lifetime. The Commission's recommendations provide little that contributes towards strengthening or enabling families to better support their relatives with intellectual disabilities, or that promotes recognition of the complications that can arise in these relationships and how they might be avoided. The Report often fails to recognise the potential for families of people with intellectual disabilities to keep them safe, facilitate social encounters within their local communities, and minimise challenges, such as negative attitudes, to their inclusion. I argue that the "human rights approach" alone cannot fully address the specific challenges that people with intellectual disabilities and their families face. Policies, supports, and services could provide more tailored approaches to ensure stronger relationships, greater social inclusion, and improved safety for people with intellectual disabilities and the families who support them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on families with disabled children has highlighted how such families experience frustration in their encounters with health and welfare services. However, less attention has been given to how these encounters are linked to social class. This article explores whether levels of cultural capital and family resources influence communication with professionals among parents of disabled children. To this end, I draw upon a longitudinal qualitative dataset of fieldwork and interview data from families in Norway. The findings show that middle-class parents could utilize experts, keep communication smooth, and persist in trying to secure services for their children without any real sense of achievement to a higher degree than working-class parents. However, neither working-class nor middle-class parents thrived in navigating these bureaucracies. This study has clear implications for policy and professionals in acknowledging how levels of cultural capital and other family resources influence the ability to endure and navigate welfare institutions. Points of interest: To understand the situation of families with disabled children it is important to find out under which circumstances these families try to obtain public services for their children. The paper examines the significance of social class on how parents with disabled children manage welfare services for their children in Norway. The research uses interviews with parents and practitioners and observation of meetings. All parents fight for services for their children and find it frustrating. Working-class and middle-class parents differ in how they communicate with professionals and how they deal with frustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moving away from an individual and pathological framework and instead drawing on a social-relational model of disability, this article examines the experiences of mothers with autistic children in navigating between caregiving and working life in China. Conducting narrative analysis of 14 in-depth interviews with mothers of autistic children, we argue that their decisions to make adjustments to work are situated in social and relational dynamics of disabled and gendered cultural ideologies, inaccessibility to healthcare, education, and social services, as well as filial familial relationship. As a result, they have to adjust their careers and personal life, such as resigning from previous work and becoming full-time mothers. Although these women constantly experienced a strong sense of loss in terms of their personal and social identity, some developed new perspectives seeing disability, normality, and the meaning of 'good mother' in the process of negotiating their work life and motherhood role. Points of Interests: Mothers of autistic children in China experience social and relational barriers in caregiving and working life. Mothers adjust to their careers and personal life by quitting their previous jobs and becoming full-time mothers, changing positions, or switching to part-time employment. The unavailability of healthcare and social service, as well as the discrimination of the education system against children with autism, significantly affect their mothers' work and family life. Autistic children encounter exclusion in the filial family in China. Grandparents and fathers of autistic children often refuse to participate in childcare arrangements. As a result, mothers had to bear the care responsibility alone. Some mothers described their personal journey of 'walking out'. They rejected the idea that autism is a form of abnormality needed to be cured. They also organized to advocate for social inclusion and policy changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the COVID‐19 pandemic, intensive care units (ICUs) were under heavy pressure, with a significantly increased number of severely ill patients. Hospitals introduced restrictions, and families could not visit their ill and dying family members. Patients were cared for without privacy, and several died in shared patient rooms, leaving the intensive care nurse to protect the patient's need for loving care in a vulnerable situation at the end of life. Aim: This study aimed to investigate how piloting and watch over were revealed in end‐of‐life care for patients with COVID‐19 in intensive care COVID‐19. Study Design: A qualitative study was conducted with an abductive approach was conducted. Data were collected via semi‐structured interviews to cover the research area while allowing the informant to talk freely about the topic; 11 informants were interviewed. Results: The findings are presented based on four categories: The road to the decision, End‐of‐life care, Farewell of close family members and Closure. Each category and subcategory reveal how piloting and watch over were addressed in the end‐of‐life care of patients with COVID‐19 in the ICU during the pandemic. Overall findings indicated that workload and organization of care directly affect the quality of care given, the acceptance of privacy and the possibility of dignified end‐of‐life care. Conclusions: Workload directly affects the quality of care, risking dehumanization of the patient. Visiting restrictions hindered supporting family members through the various piloting phases. Visiting restrictions also forced the ICU nurses to take on the role of the relative in watching over the patient. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Collaboration with family members is essential for the intensive care nurse to be able to provide a person‐centred and dignified end‐of‐life care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is aging. The growth of India's older population has increased our concerns about their well-being. While it is critical to explore the diverse needs and aging experience of older Indians, their voices are largely missing in the aging literature. In this context, data was collected from 63 community-dwelling and OAH residing older men and women of Delhi NCR to understand their aging experience, views about old age and perceived need for government intervention in old age care and support. Reflexive thematic analysis of their aging experience and perception of old age generated five themes and six sub-themes: The aging body encompassing three sub-themes "the older we become the more diseases we have", "the ointment called positive thinking", "women's quest for self-care"; Psychological gains and social losses; Affiliation, distraction and anticipation; The aging parent and the adult child comprising three sub-themes "filial relations—quality and quantity", "children these days and their mobile phones", "our daughter shows us more love and care"; and A time for religious and spiritual devotion. Lastly, the analysis of their perceived need for government support in old age care generated five sub-themes – Political cynicism, I was a private employee but am I not a part of this country? Government or Private Hospitals: A no-win situation, Everyday life and Reforms in OAHs. The present findings highlight the multidimensional and multidirectional experience of aging and the diverse needs of older persons in the Indian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of research suggests that, compared with single parent–child attachment relationships, child developmental outcomes may be better understood by examining the configurations of child–mother and child–father attachment relationships (i.e., attachment networks). Moreover, some studies have demonstrated an above-chance level chance of concordance between the quality of child–mother and child–father attachment relationships, and child temperament has been offered as a plausible explanation for such concordance. To assess whether temperament plays a role in the development of different attachment network configurations, in this preregistered individual participant data meta-analysis we tested the degree to which the temperament dimension of negative emotionality predicts the number of secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant, and disorganized attachment relationships a child has with mother and father. Data included in the linear mixed effects analyses were collected from seven studies sampling 872 children (49% female; 83% White). Negative emotionality significantly predicted the number of secure (d = −0.12) and insecure-resistant (d = 0.11), but not insecure-avoidant (d = 0.04) or disorganized (d = 0.08) attachment relationships. Nonpreregistered exploratory analyses indicated higher negative emotionality in children with insecure-resistant attachment relationships with both parents compared to those with one or none (d = 0.19), suggesting that temperament plays a small yet significant role in child–mother/child–father insecure-resistant attachment relationships concordance. Taken together, results from this study prompt a more in-depth examination of the mechanism underlying the small yet significantly higher chance that children with increased negative emotionality have for developing multiple insecure-resistant attachment relationships. Public Significance Statement: Little is known about whether temperament, which is thought of as a behavioral manifestation of one's genetic predisposition, plays a role in the development of simultaneous attachment relationships with multiple caregivers. Results from this study suggest that parents-reported temperamental attributes of negative emotionality play a small yet significant role in the number and concordance of insecure (especially resistant type) attachment relationships children develop with their mothers and fathers, prompting an in-depth examination of the mechanism underlying such associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Here, we (a) examined the trajectories of night‐time sleep duration, bedtime and midpoint of night‐time sleep (MPS) from infancy to adolescence, and (b) explored perinatal risk factors for persistent poor sleep health. Methods: This study used data from 12,962 participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Parent or self‐reported night‐time sleep duration, bedtime and wake‐up time were collected from questionnaires at 6, 18 and 30 months, and at 3.5, 4–5, 5–6, 6–7, 9, 11 and 15–16 years. Child's sex, birth weight, gestational age, health and temperament, together with mother's family adversity index (FAI), age at birth, prenatal socioeconomic status and postnatal anxiety and depression, were included as risk factors for persistent poor sleep health. Latent class growth analyses were applied first to detect trajectories of night‐time sleep duration, bedtime and MPS, and we then applied logistic regressions for the longitudinal associations between risk factors and persistent poor sleep health domains. Results: We obtained four trajectories for each of the three sleep domains. In particular, we identified a trajectory characterized by persistent shorter sleep, a trajectory of persistent later bedtime and a trajectory of persistent later MPS. Two risk factors were associated with the three poor sleep health domains: higher FAI with increased risk of persistent shorter sleep (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.11–1.30, p <.001), persistent later bedtime (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.19–1.39, p <.001) and persistent later MPS (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.22–1.38, p <.001); and higher maternal socioeconomic status with reduced risk of persistent shorter sleep (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98–1.00, p =.048), persistent later bedtime (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99, p <.001) and persistent later MPS (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98–0.99, p <.001). Conclusions: We detected trajectories of persistent poor sleep health (i.e. shorter sleep duration, later bedtime and later MPS) from infancy to adolescence, and specific perinatal risk factors linked to persistent poor sleep health domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Offspring of parents with affective disorders (OAD) are at risk of developing a wide range of mental disorders. Deficits in the rearing environment and high levels of stress are well‐known risk factors for negative outcomes in OAD. Building on prior research, we aim to examine the longitudinal relationships between family dysfunction, stressful life events, and mental health in OAD and control offspring of parents with no affective disorder. In the present study, we hypothesized that high levels of family dysfunction would be associated with more internalizing and externalizing problems across time in OAD than in controls, and that family dysfunction would mediate the relationship between stressful life events in adolescence and poor mental health in adulthood, particularly in OAD. Methods: As part of the TRacking Adolescents' Lives Survey (TRAILS), 2230 participants (51% female, Mage = 11.1 years, SD = 0.6, at baseline) and their parents completed measures across six time points, spanning 15 years. Mental health, family dysfunction, and stressful life events were assessed with the Youth and Adult Self‐Report, Family Assessment Device, and an in‐house measure, respectively. Results: Multi‐group structured equation modeling revealed that family dysfunction was linked to internalizing and externalizing problems in OAD, but not controls, across time. Risk status did not moderate family dysfunction's mediation of the relationship between stressful life events and negative outcomes in adulthood. Conclusions: OAD show high sensitivity to dysfunction in the rearing environment across childhood and adolescence, which supports the use of family based interventions to prevent the development of mental disorders in high‐risk youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objective: To investigate the occurrence of behavioral problems 7 years after severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), and their evolution from 3 months to 7 years postinjury. Method/Design: Thirty-four participants, 38% girls, M (SD) age at injury 7.6 (4.7) years, age at assessment 15 (4.6) years, underwent comprehensive assessments 7 years after severe TBI from March 2014 to March 2016 and were matched to a control group by age, gender, and parental education. A subgroup of 20 participants had available behavioral assessments at 3, 12, and 24 months postinjury. Internalizing, externalizing, and total behavioral problems were assessed with self- and parent reports of the Achenbach's Behavioral Checklist. Additional data included sociodemographic background, initial injury severity, and specific outcomes assessed concurrently 7 years postinjury. Results: Compared to controls: (a) a significant proportion of participants with severe TBI fell above the clinical cutoff for self- (42%) and parent-reported (36%) externalizing problems, but not for self- (33%) or parent-reported (45%) internalizing problems; (b) withdrawn/depressed, intrusive behavior, and somatic complaints were significantly higher in self-reports; and (c) rule-breaking behavior, attention, and social problems were significantly higher in parent reports. Parent-reported internalizing problems were associated with older age at injury, whereas externalizing problems correlated with greater injury severity and concurrent levels of greater overall disability, lower intellectual ability, and poorer family functioning. In multiple hierarchical regression analyses, overall disability and worse family functioning significantly predicted externalizing problems. Parent-reported internalizing and externalizing problems persisted over time. Conclusions/Implications: These results highlight the importance of long-term follow-up and individualized behavioral interventions for children who sustained severe TBI. Impact and Implications: Approximately half of the parents of children who sustained severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) report clinically significant internalizing and externalizing behavior problems 7-year postinjury, indicating long-term persistence of behavioral issues with significant consequences on participation and overall academic achievement. Concordance between parent- and self-reports assessing internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems is high, suggesting that patients who sustained severe childhood TBI and their parents might perceive and deal more frequently with symptoms related to more overtly noticeable behaviors, such as externalizing symptoms, but might also be particularly aware of symptoms pertaining to withdrawnness, depression, and somatic complaints in the long-term. These internalizing symptoms should not be neglected and appropriate support should be considered, even in the absence of externalized behaviors. Persistence of internalizing and externalizing problems 7 years after severe TBI underlines the importance of follow-up interventions aimed at behavioral adjustment. During follow-up, it is important to organize and implement serial assessments of neuropsychological and general functioning, educational attainment, and school issues, as well as mood and behavior, in order to detect and quantify disorders, and to implement timely, individualized, patient- and family-centered targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social GGRRAAACCEEESSS must be addressed by the therapist, as they can easily and unintentionally be missed. The present article is based on a qualitative analysis of two case examples to draw out extracts of conversations around such biases. The purpose of the article is to bridge the heuristic of the Social GGRRAAACCEEESSS with the concept of semantic polarities and to illustrate the complex positioning of the therapist in encounters with intercultural couples. Both a semantic analysis and a deductive thematic analysis approach was used to analyse extracts of material from two case studies. The findings are discussed adopting joint systemic and psychodynamic approaches. Social GGRRAAACCEEESSS can either remain unvoiced and marginalised or can be brought to the surface. The article addresses the importance of the therapist's role in highlighting marginalised discourses and managing unintentional alliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a paradoxical paradigm operating in neurodiverse families with autistic children, indicating increased stress alongside enrichment of family life. An emerging body of research has shown that the use of family therapy can improve family functioning and relationships in neurodiverse families. The current study uses constructivist grounded theory to explore clinicians' experiences and perceptions of utilising family therapy in the context of autism. Study findings suggest that clinicians integrate therapeutic techniques from diverse family therapy approaches to improve family relations by bridging different ways of learning and communicating as well as facilitating multiple perspectives. Integrating therapeutic techniques across diverse approaches further encompasses working with the systems around the individual with autism. To adapt family therapy in the context of autism, it is suggested that clinicians examine their own perspectives and beliefs about autism and keep a curious stance during the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A scoping review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of parenting and family-based interventions that aim to reduce severe and persistent conduct problems among 10–17 year-olds. The review also examined feasibility for conducting a network meta-analysis of common therapy elements measured by RCTs. Materials and methods: The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA- ScR). Searches were conducted in ERIC, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE without limits on publication year, language or publication country. Study methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for RCTs. Results: Twenty-five eligible RCTs were identified. The studies trialed nine interventions, with Multisystemic Therapy (MST) being the most evaluated (N = 10), followed by Functional Family Therapy (FFT, N = 4), and Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO, N = 3). Only 10 of the 25 RCTs revealed treatment effect on conduct problems, including 6 of 9 MST, 1 of 4 FFT and all 3 TFCO trials. Discussion: Surprisingly few RCTs of parenting and family-based interventions have been carried out exclusively with this population. Available data suggests that MST and FFT have uncertain effectiveness for reducing severe and persistent conduct problems. While the quality of the reviewed studies was generally high, only two reported substantive data on common therapy elements. Conclusion: There is need for more RCTs of parenting and family-based interventions delivered for older children and adolescents with severe and persistent conduct problems. Future RCTs should systematically measure common therapy elements with a view to advancing intervention science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]