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For the short-term high torque output, an improved model predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) method with field enhancing is proposed to increase torque. In order to avoid the possible loss of synchronism while increasing torque, the MPDTC method limits the load angle in the cost function. Under the constant load angle limitation, the improved method increases the torque output capability by increasing the magnetic field. This paper starts from the torque calculation, theoretically analyzes the torque-load angle characteristics, and illustrates the flux vector trajectory with the voltage limit circle and current limit circle. The proposed method maintains the dynamic and static performance of the traditional MPDTC method while ensuring the system stability. The experimental results show that the torque capacity of the proposed method has been improved, and it has stable extreme output torque. So, some applications, such as electric load simulators, can choose the motor with small capacity and small inertia, thereby weakening negative effects of the inertia torque. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurement errors are inevitable in the current sensors, which cause speed ripple including one and twice the stator electrical frequency. For the undesired harmonics, the adaptive selected harmonic elimination (ASHE) algorithm outputs the sum of the sinusoidal signals multiplied by the adaptive weights. In order to solve the current measurement error (CME) issue, this article adopts the ASHE algorithm. According to the deterministic functional relationship of the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM), the adopted algorithm extracts the harmonics of the steady state speed error, and outputs the q-axis current compensation. However, there is no explicit connection between speed and d-axis current, so their relationship is uncertain. The remaining d-axis CMEs result in poor current performance. Therefore, this article proposes an improved ASHE algorithm, which compensates the dq-axis CMEs simultaneously depending on their mutual deterministic connection. The proposed method does not need motor parameters, additional sensors, or complex calculation process. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by the SPMSM platform. Experimental results also show that the proposed method reduces speed ripple and suppresses the negative effects of CMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of dc offsets results in fundamental frequency oscillations in the frequency estimation and it is a challenging problem in single-phase grids. In this article, a four consecutive samples (4CSs) based method is proposed to estimate grid frequency with strong dc offset rejection capability. In details, a 4CS model is established based on the relationship among the fundamental grid voltage, dc offsets, and their consecutive sample signals. Different from the traditional 3CS model, the proposed 4CS model can reject the negative effects of dc offsets completely. Based on the obtained model, a frequency estimation is proposed and stability analysis is provided according to the adaptive control theory. Unlike the traditional 3CSs relying on prefilters, the proposed method is filter-free and it still has strong suppression capability against dc offsets. The theoretical sound and experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves accurate frequency estimation with good dc offset rejection capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aircraft grids, the voltage frequency is much higher than that in utility power systems and it challenges the dynamics of frequency estimations. In this letter, a fast and robust frequency estimation method is proposed for aircraft grids even when the grid voltage is distorted. In detail, a mathematical model is established based on the relationship among the fundamental grid voltage, harmonics and their time-delay signals. Accordingly, a robust parameter identification method is proposed to achieve grid frequency estimation and harmonic immunity. Compared with the frequency estimations for utility power systems, the proposed method, so-called robust frequency estimation (RFE), has faster dynamics and stronger harmonic suppression capability. Hence, it takes advantages in the applications of aircraft grids. Experimental results also indicate that the proposed RFE has good performance in terms of fast dynamics and strong robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the grid impedance increases, the grid strength gradually becomes weak. In order to have good output characteristics in weak grid, grid-forming (GFM) inverters with LCL filter have gradually become popular. This paper studies grid-current-sensorless control which does not require grid current sensors. Firstly, the grid-current-sensorless control loops are given. Then, in order to make up for the inability to sample the actual grid current, a grid current estimator, which is derivative operator free and low-complexity, is proposed. And the robustness and accuracy of the estimator is verified by simulation. Afterwards, to demonstrate that this control operates stably when the grid strength changes, a joint small-signal stability analysis combining the control strategy and circuit topology is presented. The theoretical feasibility of the control is proved. Finally, to verify the robustness of the control under different grid strengths, the experiments are carried out on a 20kW GFM inverter. The results show that the proposed control has satisfactory steady-state and dynamic performance whether under strong grid or weak grid. • The proposed method is suitable for both strong and weak grids. • The proposed current estimator has low complexity. • The proposed method reduces the use of sensors and reduces the hardware cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The proposed method suppresses odd-, even-order harmonics and DC offsets. • The proposed method is based on multi-consecutive samples. • The proposed method achieves frequency estimation accurately. This paper proposes a multi-consecutive-samples (MCSs) based method to estimate the grid frequency with strong robustness against odd-, even-order harmonics and DC offsets. Analyzing the relationship among the distorted grid voltage and its multiple consecutive sample signals, a MCS-model is established. Accordingly, the robust frequency estimation is proposed based on the MCS-model. Then, the stability analysis and parameter tuning are provided. Compared with the traditional 3CS-based frequency estimation, the proposed method enhances the disturbance suppression capability, especially in DC offsets and even-order harmonics cases. The experimental results further confirm that the proposed method has strong robustness against odd-, even-order harmonics and DC offsets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the global stability of synchronous reference frame phase-locked loops (SRF-PLLs) from a large signal viewpoint. First, a large-signal model of SRF-PLL is accurately established, without applying any linearization method. Then, according to the phase portrait and Lyapunov argument, the global performance of SRF-PLL is discussed in the nonlinear frame. Compared with the small-signal analysis methods, the proposed analysis, not relying on the small-signal model and linearization method, provides a global discussion of the SRF-PLL performance. The contributions of this article are as follows. First, it is found that SRF-PLL has infinite equilibrium points, including stable points and saddle points. Second, it provides a way to divide the global region of SRF-PLL into many small regions. In each small region, the SRF-PLL only has one stable equilibrium point. And for any initial states $(\tilde{\theta }(t_0),\tilde{\omega }(t_0))$ in a small region, all states $(\tilde{\theta }(t),\tilde{\omega }(t)),t>t_0$ will remain in this small region, and SRF-PLL will converge to the unique stable equilibrium point of this small region. Third, by dividing the global region of SRF-PLL into many small regions, it is found that when the frequency of grids varies largely, the SRF-PLL will converge to a new equilibrium point that is far away from the original equilibrium point. It is the reason why the frequency convergence of SRF-PLL has many oscillations and SRF-PLL has a rather slow dynamic, when the frequency changes largely. The experimental results are provided to verify the proposed global stability analysis of SRF-PLL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The proposed method is suitable for more electric aircraft grids. • The proposed method has fast dynamics. • The structure of the proposed method is simple. Different from utility power systems, the grids of more electric aircraft (MEA) are frequency-variable, and the frequency change range is from 360 Hz to 800 Hz. Most grid synchronization methods are designed for constant-frequency grids whose frequency varies in a small range around 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Therefore, the dynamic performance of these methods decreases considerably in MEA grids. In addition, the frequency in MEA is higher than that in utility power systems. Grid voltage parameters are thus required to exhibit a fast dynamic response. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes an algebraic method to estimate the positive- and negative-sequence components (PNSC) of grid voltage accurately. By analyzing the relationship between grid voltage and its time delay signals, the linear regression model is established. Then, grid frequency, PNSC are obtained with an algebraic method. The proposed method relies on algebraic operations only and thus exhibits a fast dynamic response. Experiment results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a low complexity finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) based on the discrete space vector modulation (DSVM) is proposed for T-type three-phase three-level (3P-3L) converters. Different from the conventional FCS-MPC, 48 virtual voltage vectors (VVs) of the converter are constructed by real VVs based on the DSVM. Thus, the performance of 3P-3L converters is significantly improved and the peak amplitude of high-order harmonics concentrates at the sampling frequency. Furthermore, two-stage FCS-MPC based on virtual VVs is proposed to reduce the computation burden. Its first stage selects one of six virtual VVs that minimizes the current tracking error. Then, these candidate VVs located in the same sector as the optimal virtual VV selected in the first stage are evaluated in the second-stage optimization. Thus, the computational efficiency has been greatly improved. To verify the validity of the proposed control method and show its superiority over the conventional FCS-MPC, experimental results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved two-stage model predictive current control (MPCC) for three-phase three-level converters in the paper, which can simultaneously achieve common-mode voltage (CMV) reduction, effective dc-link capacitor voltage control, and decreased computational burden, is proposed. Compared to the other current control strategies, it has the capability of handling multiple control objectives and possesses a simple structure. Furthermore, it greatly reduces the CMV since the peak CMVs of all the candidate voltage vectors are constrained to be less than one sixth of the dc-link voltage. In addition, an optimal two-stage voltage vector selection mechanism is employed in the proposed method. It helps to significantly reduce the computational complexity. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel model predictive control (MPC) for the T-type single-phase three-level inverters. The cumbersome procedure in tuning of weighting factors is eliminated so that the implementation of the proposed MPC becomes easy. The constant switching frequency is achieved during the control implementation in order to facilitate the filter design. In order to optimize the distribution of the output current harmonics, multiple voltage vectors are employed in each control cycle with their application times setting inversely proportion to the respective cost function. The redundant small voltage vectors are utilized to balance the neutral point voltage of the inverter by directly regulating the upper and lower dc-link capacitors voltages. Finally, the proposed MPC algorithm is experimentally evaluated and compared with other two unfixed switching frequency MPC algorithms in terms of the steady state, transient performance, and parameter sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, an efficient model predictive control (MPC) using virtual voltage vectors for three-phase three-level converters is proposed. The proposed MPC achieves constant switching frequency by applying four voltage vectors, including one virtual voltage vectors and three other voltage vectors, in each control cycle. In addition, to reduce the computational burden, two-stage MPC approach is adopted. The first stage chooses one of six medium voltage vectors that minimizes the cost function. Then, in the second stage, these voltage vectors including virtual voltage vectors, which locate the same sector with the optimal medium voltage vector, are involved in the MPC optimization. The advantages of the proposed MPC over the classical MPC have been validated through experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]