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Endometriosis is a common disease of the reproductive system in women of childbearing age with an unclear pathogenesis. Endometriosis mainly manifests as dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain, and infertility. Currently, medical therapy and surgical treatment are usually used for endometriosis treatment. However, due to the high recurrence rate and many complications, it has greatly affected patients’ quality of life. Nanotechnology is a new technology that mainly investigates the characteristics and applications of nanomaterials. To date, nanotechnology has received widespread attention in the field of biomedicine. Nanomaterials can not only be used as drugs to treat endometriosis directly, but also enhance the therapeutic effect of endometriosis by delivering drugs, siRNA, antibodies, vesicles, etc. This review comprehensively discusses nanomaterial-based therapies for endometriosis treatment, such as nanomaterial-based gene therapy, photothermal therapy, immunotherapy, and magnetic hyperthermia, which provides a theoretical reference for the clinical application of nanotechnology in the treatment of endometriosis.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) are widely used in food, textiles, coatings and personal care products; however, they cause environmental and health concerns. Nano-TiO2 can accumulate in the reproductive organs of mammals in different ways, affect the development of the ovum and sperm, damage reproductive organs and harm the growth and development of offspring. The oxidative stress response in germ cells, irregular cell apoptosis, inflammation, genotoxicity and hormone synthesis disorder are the main mechanisms of nano-TiO2 toxicity. Possible measures to reduce the harmful effects of nano-TiO2 on humans and nontarget organisms have emerged as an underexplored topic requiring further investigation.

In-situ experimental techniques have been widely applied to uncover the dynamic evolutions of both the structure of catalysts and the interfacial property of catalysis, thus serving as the most important means to gain molecular-level insights into the reaction mechanisms. In this mini review, we summarized recent progress in the applications of the interface-sensitive in-situ Raman and in-situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy towards CO2 electroreduction. Specifically, we concentrated on two aspects to clarify the role of both in-situ Raman and in-situ IR in revealing reaction mechanisms of CO2 electroreduction. The first one was the in-situ spectroscopy for detecting the active structures. The other one was the in-situ spectroscopy for capturing the reaction intermediates. As powerful guidance for the rational design of catalysts, the reaction mechanism was discussed in the specific examples. Finally, we try to predict the trends for the future development of in-situ spectroscopic techniques towards heterogeneous catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precise regulation of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with the desired local chemical environment is vital to elucidate the relationship between the SACs structure and the catalytic performance. The debate on the effect of the local coordination environment is quite complicated even for the SACs with the same composition and chemical nature, calling for increased attention on the regulation of the second coordination shell. For oxide‐supported SACs, it remains a significant challenge to precisely manipulate the second coordination shell of single atoms supported on oxides due to the structural robustness of oxides. Here, Ir single atoms were anchored on NiO supports via different bonding strategies, resulting in the diverse Ir−O−Ni coordination numbers for Ir sites. Specifically, Ir1/NiO, Ir1−NiO, and Ir1@NiO SACs with increasing Ir−O−Ni coordination numbers of 3, 4, and 5 were synthesized, respectively. We found that the activity of the three samples towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) exhibited a volcano‐shaped relationship with the Ir−O−Ni coordination number, with Ir1−NiO showing the lowest overpotential of 225 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Mechanism investigations indicate that the moderate coordination number of Ir−O−Ni in Ir1−NiO creates the higher occupied Ir dz2 orbital, weakening the adsorption strength for *OOH intermediates and thereby enhancing the OER activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing a reliable control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is challenging but essential for the full utilization of rare‐earth iron garnets in spintronic devices. In this study, a feasible approach to enhance the PMA of ferrimagnetic thulium iron garnet (TmIG) films is presented. This approach involves precise adjustments in cation stoichiometry and epitaxial strain state. By fine‐tuning the pre‐ablation process and oxygen partial pressure during pulsed laser deposition, a series of high‐quality TmIG films can grow with variable cation stoichiometry, i.e., the Tm/Fe molar ratio. The finding reveals that cation stoichiometry plays a crucial role in determining the magnetic properties of the TmIG films. Particularly, the stoichiometric TmIG film has the strongest PMA due to the maximized magnetostriction coefficient. Combining this stoichiometry optimization and strain engineering, an unprecedented PMA strength of ≈30 kJ m−3 for TmIG is achieved. This achievement demonstrates a simple and effective method for harnessing the magnetic properties of rare‐earth iron garnet films, paving the way for their advanced applications in next‐generation spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical C−N coupling reaction based on carbon dioxide and nitrate have been emerged as a new "green synthetic strategy" for the synthesis of urea, but the catalytic efficiency is seriously restricted by the inherent scaling relations of adsorption energies of the active sites, the improvement of catalytic activity is frequently accompanied by the decrease in selectivity. Herein, a doping engineering strategy was proposed to break the scaling relationship of intermediate binding and minimize the kinetic barrier of C−N coupling. A thus designed SrCo0.39Ru0.61O3−δ catalyst achieves a urea yield rate of 1522 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 and faradic efficiency of 34.1 % at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. A series of characterizations revealed that Co doping not only induces lattice distortion but also creates rich oxygen vacancies (OV) in the SrRuO3. The oxygen vacancies weaken the adsorption of *CO and *NH2 intermediates on the Co and Ru sites respectively, and the strain effects over the Co−Ru dual sites promoting the occurrence of C−N coupling of the two monomers instead of selective hydrogenating to form by‐products. This work presents an insight into molecular coupling reactions towards urea synthesis via the doping engineering on SrRuO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's polluted air has seriously affected the health of the Chinese population. This paper uses attribution theory to investigate how Chinese newspapers and non-Chinese newspapers presented smog in China and attributed causes and responsibilities. Built on previous studies, this study adopted covariation model within attribution theory and painted an interesting picture of smog coverage by Chinese and non-Chinese newspapers because of the apparent differences in perspectives. The criteria further provided folder for elaboration on explaining why the different coverages attributed causes as they did. Implications are discussed., Author(s): Minghui Fan [sup.1] , Shuhua Zhou [sup.2] , Panfeng Yu [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411015.0, 0000 0001 0727 7545, College of Communication and Information Sciences, University of Alabama, , [...]