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The electrocatalytic nitric oxide (NO) reduction reaction (NORR) driven by renewable electricity is a sustainable route for air pollution treatment and ammonia (NH3) synthesis. Herein, we report carbon fiber-supported CoMn2O4 spinel oxide nanoparticles (CoMn2O4/C) for the electrocatalytic NORR to NH3. CoMn2O4/C delivers a maximum NH3 faradaic efficiency of 89.3% with a yield rate of 497.6 mmol h−1 g−1 at −0.7 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE), which is significantly better than that of CoMn2O4 (325 mmol h−1 g−1, 86.3%) under similar conditions. In situ Raman and theoretical calculations confirmed that the CoMn2O4/C composite catalyst contributed to optimizing the adsorption behavior of protons and NO on the CoMn2O4 surface. The conductive carbon support coupling significantly enhances the NO adsorption energy of CoMn2O4 and decreases the free energy change of the potential determining step (PDS) to *NHO, effectively promoting *NH3 desorption and inhibiting the HER. This work provides a reference for the rational design of electrocatalysts for boosting NH3 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intratumoral microbiota (ITM) are microorganisms present in tumor cells. ITM participate in tumor development by affecting tumor cells directly and the tumor microenvironment (TME), indirectly. Alterations in ITM instigate changes in tumor DNA, activate oncogenic pathways, induce tumor inflammatory responses, disrupt normal immune activity, and facilitate the secretion of effectors leading to tumor progression, metastasis, or diminished therapeutic effects. ITM varies significantly in different types of cancer cells and disease states. The presence of certain ITM serves as a predictor of various disease states. Thus, ITM predicts tumorigenesis, tumor grade, treatment efficacy, and prognosis, making it a potential tumor biomarker. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms by which ITM affects tumor development, especially through the TME; highlight the significant potential of ITM in enhancing tumor diagnosis and prognosis; and outline future directions for ITM research, with a focus on the development of innovative tumor markers. Significance statement: In this review, we discuss that intratumor microbes (ITM) interact with the tumor microenvironment (TME) to influence tumor development. From there, bacteria are screened to become intratumor microbes while ITM remodel the TME to promote tumorigenesis. Second, we summarize the diagnostic prognostic potential of ITM in different tumor systems and the clinical potential of microbial diagnostics. In particular, we discuss the recent controversies regarding blood microbial DNA Blood microbial DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic nitrite (NO2−) reduction reaction (NO2−RR) for ammonia (NH3) synthesis is a promising alternative for NO2− resource utilization. Herein, a dual‐site copper‐cobalt oxide catalyst is reported for the efficient electrocatalytic reduction of NO2− to NH3, exhibiting NH3 Faradaic efficiency that remained above 95% (0.1 m NaNO2) over a wide potential window (−0.1 to −0.6 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, vs RHE). More importantly, the high NH3 Faradaic efficiency maintains an over 85% (−0.1 to −0.3 V vs RHE) at a low concentration of NaNO2 (0.01 m). Theoretical calculations demonstrate that CuO serves the *NO2 to *NO and is subsequently converted to NH3 on Co3O4. Coupled anodic ethylene glycol (EG) oxidation reaction endows low cell voltage (ΔU = 480 mV, 10 mA cm−2) and energy consumption saving (>23%) in a two‐electrode system. This work provides a reference for a co‐upcycling electrolyzer for NO2− and EG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical degradation of dichloromethane (DCM) to produce chloromethane is a hopeful strategy for the remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. However, developing high-efficiency electrocatalysts without a noble metal remains a challenge. Here, we successfully constructed P-doped NiMn2O4 hollow tubular nanofibers (Px-NM-HTNFs) by the combination of an electrostatic spinning technique and a chemical vapor deposition technique, which were used as efficient dechlorination electrocatalysts. Physicochemical characterization and in situ characterization demonstrated that the unique hollow tubular nanostructures and P-doped structure can effectively accelerate charge transfer, expose more active sites, and optimize the adsorption capacity of the electrocatalyst for DCM. The experimental tests revealed that the P-doped electrocatalysts exhibited a remarkable electrocatalytic dechlorination performance, achieving a chloromethane production rate of 11665.46 μmol g–1 h–1 at −3.03 V (vs Ag/AgCl/Me4NCl) for P1.0-NM-HTNFs. In addition, the transfer coefficient α of 0.3 proved that the electrochemical degradation of DCM conforms to the mechanism of synergistic dissociation electron transfer. P1.0-NM-HTNFs generate the adsorption atom H*, thus facilitating the dechlorination reaction. This work provides an idea for constructing manganese–spinel composite catalysts and producing chloromethane with high value added for DCM electrochemical dechlorination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dichloromethane electrochemical dechlorination to chloromethane is a promising and economical strategy but remains a critical challenge due to the low selectivity of chloromethane and catalyst deactivation. In this paper, an efficient and selective CuMn2O4 nanofiber is prepared by electrospinning and then used in aromatic chloride formation and selective dechlorination of dichloromethane to chloromethane. Experimental and characterization results unveil that the CuMn2O4 nanofiber with a one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure, large specific surface area, and high catalytic activity exhibits the most superior chloromethane production (387.46 μmol), high chloromethane selectivity (97.27%), and excellent stability. The coupling system of dichloromethane dechlorination with benzaldehyde chlorination not only produces chlorobenzaldehyde and chloromethane with high economic value but also explores the dichloromethane dechlorination to produce the chloromethane mechanism. Therefore, it provides a promising route and a more stable, active, and selective catalyst for the production of valuable chloromethane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]