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Based on the original γ-Reθ transition model framework, in this work, an improved local correlation-based transition closure model is developed for high-speed flows. The local correlation between the vorticity Reynolds number and the momentum thickness Reynolds number obtained by compressible boundary-layer self-similar solutions, local compressibility correction including the pressure gradient parameter and momentum thickness Reynolds number, and local crossflow correlation are applied to improve the original γ-Reθ model for hypersonic transition predictions. The function Fonset1 used to control the transition onset and several relevant model parameters are also modified to make the improved model suitable for high-speed flow. The improved transition model is validated through several basic test cases under a wide range of flow conditions, including high-speed flat plates, sharp cones, double ramp, Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation, and complex hypersonic configuration X-33 vehicles. The numerical results show that the transition onset locations and the changes of heat transfer rate predicted by the present improved transition model are reasonably consistent with experimental results. The proposed model predicts the high-speed boundary layer transition behaviors induced by streamwise and crossflow instabilities with reasonable precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, acoustic metasurfaces are optimized to suppress broadband frequencies of unstable modes in a Mach 6 boundary-layer flow. The metasurface is cut into five pieces, and geometrical parameters of each piece are optimized to afford a comprehensive admittance response to the local frequencies of the first and second modes. It shows the designed broadband metasurface not only is advantageous for stabilizing disturbances above the metasurface region but also inhibits the fast growth rate of low-frequency disturbances on the downstream smooth wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current glioma classification could be optimized to cover such a separate and individualized prognosis ranging from a few months to over ten years. Considering its highly conserved role and potential in therapies, autophagy might be a promising element to be incorporated as a refinement for improved survival prognostication. The expression and RNA-seq data of 881 glioma patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas were included, mapped with autophagy-related genes. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis and Cox regression analysis were used for the autophagy signature establishment, which composed of MUL1, NPC1, and TRIM13. Validations were represented by Kaplan-Meier plots and receiver operating curves (ROC). Cluster analysis suggested the IDH1 mutant involved in the favorable prognosis of the signature clusters. The signature was also immune-related shown by the Gene Ontology analysis and the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. The high signature risk group held a higher ESTIMATE score (p = 2.6 e − 11) and stromal score (p = 1.8 e − 10). CD276 significantly correlated with the signature (r = 0.51 , p < 0.05). The final nomogram integrated with the autophagy signature, IDH1 mutation, and pathological grade was built with accuracy and discrimination (1-year survival AUC = 0.812 , 5-year survival AUC = 0.822 , and 10-year survival AUC = 0.834). Its prognostic value and clinical utility were well-defined by the superiority in the comparisons with the current World Health Organization glioma classification in ROC (p < 0.05) and decision curve analysis. The autophagy signature-based IDH1 mutation and grade nomogram refined glioma classification for a more individualized and clinically applicable survival estimation and inspired potential autophagy-related therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: The optimal management strategy for early gastric cancer (EGC) a topic of contention. This study aims to compare the prognostic outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and surgical treatment in patients diagnosed with EGC. Methods: In thisretrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from539 patients diagnosed with EGC between January 2012 and December 2020 from two centers. We compared Clinicopathological features, procedure-related complications, recurrence rate, overall survival, and disease specific survival between the 262 patients who underwent ESD and the 277 patients who underwent surgical treatment. ESD procedures were conducted using a dual knife by experienced endoscopists, while surgical treatments included laparoscopic or open gastrectomy. Regular ollow-up examinations were conducted post-treatment. Results: The two groups exhibited comparable baseline characteristics. Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified vascular invasion as a risk factor for worse recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) in patients with early gastric cancer. The ESD group experienced fewer overall postoperative complications compared to the surgical treatment group. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated no significant differences in recurrence rate or overall survival between the two groups. Conclusions: Both ESD and surgical treatment emerged as safe and effective approaches for managing EGC. The choice of treatment should be tailored to individual patient factors. ESD can be considered an alternative treatment option for selected patients who are not suitable candidates for surgery. Further studies are warranted to determine the long-term outcomes of ESD and surgical treatment for EGC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bounded confidence model is a popular tool to model the evolution of preferences and knowledge in opinion dynamics. In the bounded confidence model, it is assumed that all agents are honest to express their preferences and knowledge. However, in real-life opinion dynamics, agents often hide their true preferences, and express different preferences to different people. In this paper, we propose the evolution of preferences with deceptive interactions and heterogeneous trust in bounded confidence model, in which some agents will express three types of preferences: true preferences, communicated preferences and public preferences. In the proposed model, the communication regimes of the agents are established. Based on the established communication regimes, the true preferences, communicated preferences and public preferences of the agents are updated. Furthermore, we use an agent-based simulation to unfold the influences of the deceptive interactions and heterogeneous trust on the evolutions of preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aimed to clarify the relationship between histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) expression and the prognosis as well as the grade of patients with glioma. Methods The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was profiled to examine the HDAC3 expression in glioma and normal glial cell lines. An Oncomine database analysis and prognosis analysis were performed. The correlation between World Health Organization (WHO) grade and HDAC3 was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation test. A meta-analysis was performed to confirm the conclusion. Results HDAC3 RNA overexpression in glioma cell lines was detected (P < 0.05). Four data sets were screened from the Oncomine database and showed that the expression level of HDAC3 was consistently higher in glioma than in normal tissue (P < 0.001). The prognostic analysis of 325 glioma samples from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas showed that patients with low HDAC3 expression had significantly better overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than did patients with high HDAC3 expression [hazard ratio [HR], 1.992; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.490–2.662; P < 0.0001 and HR, 1.874; 95% CI, 1.412–2.487; P < 0.0001, respectively]. Both the WHO grade III group and the WHO grade IV group expressed significantly higher messenger RNA (mRNA) level than did the WHO grade II group (P < 0.05). Four cohort studies consisting of 490 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled data of subgroup analysis showed significantly longer OS in low HDAC3 mRNA level [HR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.80–6.37; P = 0.0002]. Conclusions HDAC3 mRNA was expressed more in glioma than in the normal glial cell line. Low HDAC3 mRNA expression levels predicted better OS. HDAC3 expression could be a biomarker to discriminate glioma grade. Highlights • We first confirmed that the expression level of HDAC3 mRNA in glioma cell lines was higher than that in normal cell lines. • We first verified the correlation between HDAC3 expression and glioma WHO grade classification by mRNA expression profile. It indicated that the level of HDAC3 mRNA in high-grade glioma was significantly higher than that in low-grade glioma. • The survival analysis showed that patients with low HDAC3 expression had better overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). • We first applied a new techniques to show the correlation between HDAC3 mRNA expression and prognosis of glioma and grading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Sm3 +-doped 0. 96Na0 .5Bi0.5TiO3-0.04CaTiO3 (NBT-0. 04CT:xSm3+, 0. 002 ≤x ≤ 0. 020) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. The phase structures of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, and all the samples show a single perovskite structure. The photoluminescence properties of the samples were measured by fluorescence spectrophotometer, and the samples show the strongest excitation peak at 479 nm, which matches well with the blue LED chip used in the white LED synthesis. The dominant emission peak is located at 597 nm (4G5/2→ 6 H7/9), presenting strong orange-red luminescence. NBT-0. 04CT:0. 010Sm3+ ceramics shows optimal luminescence performances among the Sm3 +-doped NBT-0. 04CT ceramics, and superior thermal stability of its luminous properties is achieved in the temperature range from 278 K to 473 K. The results indicate that NBT-0. 04CTxSm3 + ceramics have promising applications in white LED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ansamitocins, produced by Actinosynnema pretiosum , are a group of maytansinoid antibiotics that block the assembly of tubulin into functional microtubules. The precursors of ansamitocin biosynthesis are generally derived from the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In this study, central carbon flux distributions were analyzed by 13 C-based flux analysis to reveal the contribution of individual central carbon metabolism pathways. To direct more carbon flux into ansamitocin biosynthesis, pentose phosphate (PP) pathway only and the combination of PP pathway and Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway were weakened, respectively. Ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3) productions by both kinds of pathways weakened mutant strains were significantly enhanced in chemically defined medium. In order to draw metabolic flux to the biosynthesis of ansamitocins more efficiently, heterologous phosphoglucomutase was subsequently overexpressed based on a mutant strain with combinational regulation of PP pathway and ED pathway. More fluxes were successfully directed into the UDP-glucose synthetic pathway and the AP-3 production was further improved in this case, reaching approximately 185 mg/L in fermentation medium. It was demonstrated that eliminating the bypass pathways and favoring the precursor synthetic pathway could effectively improve ansamitocin production by A. pretiosum , suggesting a promising role of metabolic strategy in improving secondary metabolite production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3), an amacrocyclic lactam compound, is produced by Actinosynnema pretiosum. As a group of maytansinoid antibiotics, ansamitocins have an extraordinary antitumor activity by blocking the assembly of tubulin forming into functional microtubules. The biosynthesis of ansamitocins is initialized by the formation of UDP-glucose (UDPG) which is converted from glucose-1-phosphate (G1P). In this study, we focused on the influence of enhancement of UDPG biosynthesis on the production of ansamitocins in A. pretiosum. The homologous overexpressions of phosphoglucomutase, starch phosphorylase, and UTP-G1P uridylyltransferase, respectively, could largely increase the pool sizes of G1P and UDPG and result in improved AP-3 production. The elevated intracellular glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) level provided by the enhanced glyconeogenesis had, however, no significant effects on the biosynthesis of AP-3. The G6P-G1P-UDPG pathway was therefore systematically engineered by multiple genetic modifications, and a significant increase in AP-3 production was achieved (168 mg/L of AP-3 in flask culture, 40 % higher than the control strain). We also found that the enhancement of starch assimilation pathway could also improve the assembly of AP-3 to some extent. In addition, heterologous gene overexpression from Actinosynnema mirum could result in more AP-3 biosynthesis in comparison to the corresponding homologous overexpression, suggesting an alternative and promising avenue of metabolic engineering strategy for improving AP-3 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3), synthesized by Actinosynnema pretiosum , is a microtubule disruptor with significant antitumor activity. Although efforts have been made for the study of ansamitocin biosynthetic gene clusters and its fermentation improvement, the yield and productivity of AP-3 are still limited. In this study, fructose was found to be more beneficial to AP-3 production than glucose, and the culture condition was optimized via single-factor experiments and response surface method. The AP-3 concentration in the Erlenmeyer flasks reached 144 mg/L with the optimized medium containing fructose 9.36 g/L, glycerol 26.79 g/L and soluble starch 3.03 g/L, increased by ninefold compared with that before optimization. The result of medium optimization showed that fructose was an important element for effective increase in AP-3 production. Transcription of genes involved in primary metabolism and ansamitocin biosynthetic pathway was investigated to elucidate metabolic responses of cell metabolism to the substitution of fructose for glucose. It was demonstrated that using fructose as the major carbon source could relieve glucose repression and therefore result in flux rearrangement in primary metabolism for better providing biosynthetic precursors and stimulating the secondary metabolism in A. pretiosum . The results obtained might be of particular benefit to further enhancement of ansamitocin productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3), a secondary metabolite produced by Actinosynnema pretiosum, is well known for its extraordinary antitumor properties and is broadly utilized in clinical research. Through this work, we found, for the first time, that the combination of glucose and glycerol as a mixed carbon source is an appropriate approach for enhancing the production of AP-3 by A. pretiosum. The amount yielded was about threefold that obtained with glucose as the sole carbon source. In order to better understand the mechanisms that channel glycerol metabolism towards AP-3 production, the activities of some key enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase were assessed. The results showed that glycerol affects the production of AP-3 by increasing PGM activity. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that transcriptional levels of structural genes asm14 and asm24, and primary genes amir5189 and amir6327 were up-regulated in medium containing glycerol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past decade has seen the emergence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones as key determinants of contact formation between mitochondria and the ER on the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM). Despite the known roles of ER–mitochondria tethering factors like PACS-2 and mitofusin-2, it is not yet entirely clear how they mechanistically interact with the ER environment to determine mitochondrial metabolism. In this article, we review the mechanisms used to communicate ER redox and folding conditions to the mitochondria, presumably with the goal of controlling mitochondrial metabolism at the Krebs cycle and at the electron transport chain, leading to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). To achieve this goal, redox nanodomains in the ER and the interorganellar cleft influence the activities of ER chaperones and Ca2+-handling proteins to signal to mitochondria. This mechanism, based on ER chaperones like calnexin and ER oxidoreductases like Ero1α, controls reactive oxygen production within the ER, which can chemically modify the proteins controlling ER–mitochondria tethering, or mitochondrial membrane dynamics. It can also lead to the expression of apoptotic or metabolic transcription factors. The link between mitochondrial metabolism and ER homeostasis is evident from the specific functions of mitochondria–ER contact site (MERC)-localized Ire1 and PERK. These functions allow these two transmembrane proteins to act as mitochondria-preserving guardians, a function that is apparently unrelated to their functions in the unfolded protein response (UPR). In scenarios where ER stress cannot be resolved via the activation of mitochondrial OXPHOS, MAM-localized autophagosome formation acts to remove defective portions of the ER. ER chaperones such as calnexin are again critical regulators of this MERC readout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wind profiler radar (WPR) network in Anhui Province in China completed the construction in 2019 to improve the warning capacity for meteorological disasters. To verify its proper performance, vertical profiles of horizontal winds were compared with ERA5 reanalysis data from January to December 2021. The results show that the WPRs demonstrate good capability in measuring atmospheric wind due to their high data collection rate (> 80%). Overall, the data availability of the WPRs decreases with increasing altitude, exceeding 90% below 3 km during the daytime without precipitation. In terms of seasonal variability, the annual mean effective detection height reaches a maximum value at 4–6 km in summer and a minimum value at approximately 2 km in winter. Comparison analyses show that the wind measurements by the WPRs show excellent agreement with the ERA5 zonal (correlation coefficient > 0.89 and standard deviation < 2.57 m/s) and meridional winds (correlation coefficient > 0.76 and standard deviation < 3.26 m/s) over most WPR stations in Anhui, China. Additionally, the biases of winds between WPR and ERA5 generally follow a Gaussian distribution pattern, most of which are all close to zero. In particular, the differences in horizontal wind between WPR and ERA5 increase with altitude, with a much lower bias present in the lower layer. In addition, due to the difference in atmospheric turbulence between day and night, statistical parameters of comparison during daytime behave better than those at night. These findings indicate that the WPR network in Anhui is capable of providing good quality wind data, laying a solid data foundation for the improvement and development of the boundary layer scheme in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Craniopharyngiomas (CPs), particularly Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngiomas (ACPs), often exhibit a heightened risk of postoperative recurrence and severe complications of the endocrine and hypothalamic function. The primary objective of this study is to investigate potential novel targeted therapies within the microenvironment of ACP tumors. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) were identified in the craniopharyngioma microenvironment, notably in regions characterized by cholesterol clefts, wet keratin, ghost cells, and fibrous stroma in ACPs. CAFs, alongside ghost cells, basaloid-like epithelium cells and calcifications, were found to secrete PROS1 and GAS6, which can activate AXL receptors on the surface of tumor epithelium cells, promoting immune suppression and tumor progression in ACPs. Additionally, the AXL inhibitor Bemcentinib effectively inhibited the proliferation organoids and enhanced the immunotherapeutic efficacy of Atezolizumab. Furthermore, neural crest-like cells were observed in the glial reactive tissue surrounding finger-like protrusions. Overall, our results revealed that the AXL might be a potentially effective therapeutic target for ACPs. • CAFs are rich in ACPs. • PROS1-AXL was upregulated between CAFs and tumor epithelial cells. • Bemcentinib can inhibit ACP organoids proliferation. • Bemcentinib can enhance the effectiveness of Atezolizumab in treating ACP organoids. • Neural crest-like cells were observed in glial reactive tissue of ACPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Ho3+-doped 0.94Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 -0.06BaTiO 3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (NBT-0.06BT: x Ho3+, 0.0025≤ x ≤ 0.03) are prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. Under the excitation of 980 nm, all the samples exhibit strong green, red and near infrared upconversion emissions, which are ascribed to the 5F 4 /5S 2 →5I 8 (∼547 nm), 5F 5 →5I 8 (∼656 nm), 5F 4 /5S 2 →5I 7 (∼756 nm) transitions of Ho3+ ions, respectively. The NBT-0.06BT: 0.015Ho3+ ceramic displays the optimal emission among these Ho3+-doped NBT-0.06BT solid solutions. Optical thermometry behavior is evaluated via fluorescent intensity ratio (FIR) of green to red emissions of Ho3+ ions. The temperature sensing performances is investigated in the temperature range of 293–473 K based on non-thermally coupled levels (NTCL). The maximum relative sensitivity is found to be 0.35% K−1 at 293 K. The present investigation results imply the promising application of NBT-0.06BT: Ho3+ in non-contact optical thermometers. • Under a 980 nm diode excitation, the NBT-0.06BT: x Ho3+ specimens exhibit strong prominent green emission. • The upconversion photoluminescence intensity exhibits extremely sensitive to temperature in range of 293–473 K. • A maximum relative sensitivity of 0.35% K−1 at 293 K is obtained for NBT-0.06BT: 0.015Ho3+ ceramic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: 3-Deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS), (EC 2.5.1.54) catalyzes the first step of the shikimate pathway, the route for the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds in plants and microbes. In Actinosynnema pretiosum, the aroF gene (GenBank: AF056968.1) encodes DAHPS to condensate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and d-erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P) to generate DAHP. In this study, a recombinant pET28a-aroF plasmid was constructed and A. pretiosum DAHPS was successfully expressed in soluble form by co-expression with chaperonins GroEL/GroES in Escherichia coli. The purification and kinetic characterization of the expressed protein were then investigated. The DAHPS originated from A. pretiosum demonstrated a pronounced substrate inhibition by PEP but was not sensitive to E4P. The purified enzyme was completely inactivated by EDTA but potently activated by several bivalent metal ions, especially Mn2+ and Co2+. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives: To evaluate dry eye (DE) and associated meibomian gland dysfunction parameters after Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) surgery. Methods: This is a prospective observational case series. Patients who underwent ICL implantation without previous ocular diseases or ophthalmic treatments were enrolled. Their Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT), meibography, slit-lamp examination of the lid margin, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and Schirmer test I were examined preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Results: A total of 117 eyes of 60 patients were enrolled, and 107 eyes completed 3-month follow-up period. OSDI, lid marginal abnormality, and meibomian gland (MG) secretion, and meibum quality score were significantly higher at 1 month postoperatively and recovered partially at 3 months after surgeries, while NIBUT was significantly decreased all the time. Patients with previous DE symptoms (OSDI score ≥12) showed not only lower Schirmer and TBUT values but also higher CFS, lid margin score, MG loss, MG secretion, and meibum quality scores compared with those in the control group after operations. Low Schirmer, NIBUT values, and high meibum quality score were determined as risk factors for DE symptoms after ICL surgery. Conclusions: ICL implantation has a bad influence on the ocular surface and MG functions. The influence may be more obvious in patients with existing DE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Er3 + doped and Er3 + / Yb3 + co-doped 0.96Na0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3 -0.04CaTiO3 (NBT-CT: xEr3 + / yYb3 +, x = 0.002 ~0.015, y = 0.010) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by a solid-state sintering method. The phase structure and up-conversion luminescence properties of the samples were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction and fluorescence spectrofluorometer, respectively. These results show that the main crystal phase of the samples is that of NBT. Under the excitation of a 980 nm near-infrared light, the Er3 + doped and Er3 + / Yb3 + co-doped NBT-CT ceramics exhibit characteristic emission of Er3 + with strong dominant green up-conversion emissions. The optimal up-conversion luminescence performance with x = 0.010 in NBT-CT: xEr3 + ceramics are obtained. Yb3 + can act as sensitizer and significantly enhance the up-conversion luminescence intensity of Er3 + . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Recovery negatively affected bacterial makeup and positively impacted the diversity. • Recovery changed bacterial community from being oligotrophic to copiotrophic. • Recovery shaped bacterial communities via modification on C and N stoichiometry. • Nutrient stoichiometry rather than plant diversity mainly shaped bacterial community. Soil bacteria play core roles in mediating the functional linkage between above- and belowground components during forest restoration. However, the pattern and mechanism through which plants and soils influence bacterial communities remain unclear. This study aimed to quantify the contributions of plant community and soil characteristics to shifts in bacterial composition and diversity along a tropical forest restoration chronosequence in the Xishuangbanna. We found a negative effect of forest restoration on bacterial composition and a positive impact on the diversity. Forest restoration changed bacterial communities from being oligotrophic Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria dominated to copiotrophic Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated. Forest restoration also induced a 1.5–1.6 fold increase in OTU richness and diversity of bacterial communities. Soil variables, including plant litter, contributed 46.3–58.1% to the variations in bacterial composition and diversity, while the contribution of plant community was 6.4–13.8%. Furthermore, the increase in plant richness and diversity had minor contribution to variations in bacterial diversity and composition during forest restoration. Soil bacterial diversity was primarily explained by the elevated levels of carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry in the litter-soil-microbe continuum, but litter was explained by the increased plant diversity. In contrast, soil bacterial composition was negatively correlated with biomass, nitrogen, and carbon:nitrogen of the litter, as well as the level of soil carbon and nitrogen pools. Our data suggested that the carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry in litter-soil-microbe continuum rather than plant diversity primarily shaped the changes in bacterial composition and diversity along tropical forest restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]