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3. Correction to: European first-year university students accept evolution but lack substantial knowledge about it: a standardized European cross-country assessment

Author

Kuschmierz, Paul, Beniermann, Anna, Bergmann, Alexander, Pinxten, Rianne, Aivelo, Tuomas, Berniak-Woźny, Justyna, Bohlin, Gustav, Bugallo-Rodriguez, Anxela, Cardia, Pedro, Cavadas, Bento Filipe Barreiras Pinto, Cebesoy, Umran Betul, Cvetković, Dragana D., Demarsy, Emilie, Đorđević, Mirko S., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubchak, Liudmyla, Dvořáková, Radka M., Fančovičová, Jana, Fortin, Corinne, Futo, Momir, Geamănă, Nicoleta Adriana, Gericke, Niklas, Grasso, Donato A., Korfiatis, Konstantinos, Lendvai, Ádám Z., Mavrikaki, Evangelia, Meneganzin, Andra, Mogias, Athanasios, Möller, Andrea, Mota, Paulo G., Naciri, Yamama, Németh, Zoltán, Ożańska-Ponikwia, Katarzyna, Paolucci, Silvia, Pap, Péter László, Petersson, Maria, Pietrzak, Barbara, Pievani, Telmo, Pobric, Alma, Porozovs, Juris, Realdon, Giulia, Sá-Pinto, Xana, Savković, Uroš B., Sicard, Mathieu, Sofonea, Mircea T., Sorgo, Andrej, Stermin, Alexandru N., Tăușan, Ioan, Torkar, Gregor, Türkmen, Lütfullah, Tutnjević, Slavica, Uitto, Anna E., Varga, Máté, Varga, Mirna, Vazquez-Ben, Lucia, Viguera, Enrique, Virtbauer, Lisa Christine, Vutsova, Albena, Yruela, Inmaculada, Zandveld, Jelle, and Graf, Dittmar

Published
2022
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6. Detecting affiliation in colaughter across 24 societies

Author

Bryant, Gregory A, Fessler, Daniel MT, Fusaroli, Riccardo, Clint, Edward, Aarøe, Lene, Apicella, Coren L, Petersen, Michael Bang, Bickham, Shaneikiah T, Bolyanatz, Alexander, Chavez, Brenda, De Smet, Delphine, Díaz, Cinthya, Fančovičová, Jana, Fux, Michal, Giraldo-Perez, Paulina, Hu, Anning, Kamble, Shanmukh V, Kameda, Tatsuya, Li, Norman P, Luberti, Francesca R, Prokop, Pavol, Quintelier, Katinka, Scelza, Brooke A, Shin, Hyun Jung, Soler, Montserrat, Stieger, Stefan, Toyokawa, Wataru, van den Hende, Ellis A, Viciana-Asensio, Hugo, Yildizhan, Saliha Elif, Yong, Jose C, Yuditha, Tessa, and Zhou, Yi

Subjects
Language, Communication and Culture, Social and Personality Psychology, Psychology, Clinical Research, Adult, Affect, Auditory Perception, Cooperative Behavior, Female, Friends, Humans, Internationality, Laughter, Male, Nonverbal Communication, Young Adult, laughter, cooperation, cross-cultural, signaling, vocalization
Abstract

Laughter is a nonverbal vocal expression that often communicates positive affect and cooperative intent in humans. Temporally coincident laughter occurring within groups is a potentially rich cue of affiliation to overhearers. We examined listeners' judgments of affiliation based on brief, decontextualized instances of colaughter between either established friends or recently acquainted strangers. In a sample of 966 participants from 24 societies, people reliably distinguished friends from strangers with an accuracy of 53-67%. Acoustic analyses of the individual laughter segments revealed that, across cultures, listeners' judgments were consistently predicted by voicing dynamics, suggesting perceptual sensitivity to emotionally triggered spontaneous production. Colaughter affords rapid and accurate appraisals of affiliation that transcend cultural and linguistic boundaries, and may constitute a universal means of signaling cooperative relationships.

Published
2016

8. European first-year university students accept evolution but lack substantial knowledge about it: a standardized European cross-country assessment

Author

Kuschmierz, Paul, Beniermann, Anna, Bergmann, Alexander, Pinxten, Rianne, Aivelo, Tuomas, Berniak-Woźny, Justyna, Bohlin, Gustav, Bugallo-Rodriguez, Anxela, Cardia, Pedro, Cavadas, Bento Filipe Barreiras Pinto, Cebesoy, Umran Betul, Cvetković, Dragana D., Demarsy, Emilie, Đorđević, Mirko S., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubchak, Liudmyla, Dvořáková, Radka M., Fančovičová, Jana, Fortin, Corinne, Futo, Momir, Geamănă, Nicoleta Adriana, Gericke, Niklas, Grasso, Donato A., Korfiatis, Konstantinos, Lendvai, Ádám Z., Mavrikaki, Evangelia, Meneganzin, Andra, Mogias, Athanasios, Möller, Andrea, Mota, Paulo G., Naciri, Yamama, Németh, Zoltán, Ożańska-Ponikwia, Katarzyna, Paolucci, Silvia, Pap, Péter László, Petersson, Maria, Pietrzak, Barbara, Pievani, Telmo, Pobric, Alma, Porozovs, Juris, Realdon, Giulia, Sá-Pinto, Xana, Savković, Uroš B., Sicard, Mathieu, Sofonea, Mircea T., Sorgo, Andrej, Stermin, Alexandru N., Tăușan, Ioan, Torkar, Gregor, Türkmen, Lütfullah, Tutnjević, Slavica, Uitto, Anna E., Varga, Máté, Varga, Mirna, Vazquez-Ben, Lucia, Viguera, Enrique, Virtbauer, Lisa Christine, Vutsova, Albena, Yruela, Inmaculada, Zandveld, Jelle, and Graf, Dittmar

Published
2021
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12. Enhancing Attention and Interest in Plants to Mitigate Plant Awareness Disparity.

Author

Prokop, Pavol and Fančovičová, Jana

Subjects
SYRPHIDAE, POLLINATORS, PLANT species, AWARENESS, NECTAR, HONEY plants
Abstract

Plant awareness disparity (PAD, formerly plant blindness) is the human inability to notice plants in everyday life. It is suggested that the main underlying factors of PAD are: 1. the inability to recognize individual plants and 2. stronger preferences for animals, which prevents building positive attitudes toward them. The presentation of individual plants should trigger more positive responses toward them than the presentation of groups of plants. Strong preferences for animals predict that the presence of an animal on a plant might enhance positive perceptions of the plant by people. We experimentally investigated the perceived attractiveness and willingness to protect (WTP) plants presented individually and in groups and with or without various pollinators in a sample of Slovak people (N = 238). In contrast to the first prediction, only one of four plants (dog rose, but not saffron, spruce, or beech tree) received higher attractiveness scores when presented individually than in a group. None of these species received higher WTP scores when presented individually, rather than in a group. The effect of the presence of pollinators on flower attractiveness and WTP was distinguished between vertebrates and invertebrates; only flowers with birds and bats increased their attractiveness scores, while flowers with invertebrates, including a butterfly, honeybee, beetle, and the syrphid fly, received similar or lower scores than the same plant species without pollinators. WTP plants significantly increased only when the scarlet honeycreeper and the cave nectar bat were present on flowers as pollinators. People showed significantly stronger preferences for items that associate 1. plants with pollinators and 2. plants with animals that distribute animal seed than for items focused solely on plants. Connecting animals and plants should help reduce PAD. This aim cannot be achieved, however, by presenting individual plants and/or plants with randomly chosen pollinators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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18. Preferences for spicy foods and disgust of ectoparasites are associated with reported health in humans

Author

Prokop Pavol and Fančovičová Jana

Subjects
anti-pathogen behaviour, disgust, parasites, spices, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Infectious diseases that influence human survival are responsible for the evolved emotional, cognitive and behavioural strategies that reduce the risk of disease transmission. The preference for spices in foods of contemporary humans was thought to be an antipathogen strategy that could reduce disease transmission. We investigated the possible associations between reported health and anti-pathogen strategies in a sample of Slovak high school students. We found that the reported consumption of spices and ectoparasite avoidance was positively associated with the total number of reported illnesses in the last year and hand washing was negatively associated with this. This means that immunologically compromised people prefer spices more and avoid contact with disease-relevant insect vectors more than their healthier counterparts. Females engaged in anti-pathogen behaviours more than males, but consumed spicy foods less frequently, suggesting their evolutionary role in the maternal investment to their offspring or different susceptibility to certain diseases. Our results suggest that people vulnerable to diseases are more disgust sensitive and prefer foods with antimicrobial properties more than healthy people, supporting an idea that human emotions and behaviour are influenced by the threat of parasites.

Published
2011
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19. Correction to:European first-year university students accept evolution but lack substantial knowledge about it : a standardized European cross-country assessment

Author

Kuschmierz, Paul, Beniermann, Anna, Bergmann, Alexander, Pinxten, Rianne, Aivelo, Tuomas, Berniak-Woźny, Justyna, Bohlin, Gustav, Bugallo-Rodriguez, Anxela, Cardia, Pedro, Cavadas, Bento Filipe Barreiras Pinto, Cebesoy, Umran Betul, Cvetković, Dragana D, Demarsy, Emilie, Đorđević, Mirko S., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubchak, Liudmyla, Dvořáková, Radka M., Fančovičová, Jana, Fortin, Corinne, Futo, Momir, Geamănă, Nicoleta Adriana, Gericke, Niklas, Grasso, Donato A., Korfiatis, Konstantinos, Lendvai, Ádám Z., Mavrikaki, Evangelia, Meneganzin, Andra, Mogias, Athanasios, Möller, Andrea, Mota, Paulo G., Naciri, Yamama, Németh, Zoltán, Ożańska-Ponikwia, Katarzyna, Paolucci, Silvia, Pap, Péter László, Petersson, Maria, Pietrzak, Barbara, Pievani, Telmo, Pobric, Alma, Porozovs, Juris, Realdon, Giulia, Sá-Pinto, Xana, Savković, Uroš B, Sicard, Mathieu, Sofonea, Mircea T, Sorgo, Andrej, Stermin, Alexandru N, Tăușan, Ioan, Torkar, Gregor, Türkmen, Lütfullah, Tutnjević, Slavica, Uitto, Anna E., Varga, Máté, Vazquez-Ben, Lucia, Viguera, Enrique, Virtbauer, Lisa Christine, Vutsova, Albena, Yruela, Inmaculada, Zandveld, Jelle, Graf, Dittmar, Kuschmierz, Paul, Beniermann, Anna, Bergmann, Alexander, Pinxten, Rianne, Aivelo, Tuomas, Berniak-Woźny, Justyna, Bohlin, Gustav, Bugallo-Rodriguez, Anxela, Cardia, Pedro, Cavadas, Bento Filipe Barreiras Pinto, Cebesoy, Umran Betul, Cvetković, Dragana D, Demarsy, Emilie, Đorđević, Mirko S., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubchak, Liudmyla, Dvořáková, Radka M., Fančovičová, Jana, Fortin, Corinne, Futo, Momir, Geamănă, Nicoleta Adriana, Gericke, Niklas, Grasso, Donato A., Korfiatis, Konstantinos, Lendvai, Ádám Z., Mavrikaki, Evangelia, Meneganzin, Andra, Mogias, Athanasios, Möller, Andrea, Mota, Paulo G., Naciri, Yamama, Németh, Zoltán, Ożańska-Ponikwia, Katarzyna, Paolucci, Silvia, Pap, Péter László, Petersson, Maria, Pietrzak, Barbara, Pievani, Telmo, Pobric, Alma, Porozovs, Juris, Realdon, Giulia, Sá-Pinto, Xana, Savković, Uroš B, Sicard, Mathieu, Sofonea, Mircea T, Sorgo, Andrej, Stermin, Alexandru N, Tăușan, Ioan, Torkar, Gregor, Türkmen, Lütfullah, Tutnjević, Slavica, Uitto, Anna E., Varga, Máté, Vazquez-Ben, Lucia, Viguera, Enrique, Virtbauer, Lisa Christine, Vutsova, Albena, Yruela, Inmaculada, Zandveld, Jelle, and Graf, Dittmar

Published
2022
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22. Additional file 2 of European first-year university students accept evolution but lack substantial knowledge about it: a standardized European cross-country assessment

Author

Kuschmierz, Paul, Beniermann, Anna, Bergmann, Alexander, Pinxten, Rianne, Aivelo, Tuomas, Berniak-Woźny, Justyna, Bohlin, Gustav, Bugallo-Rodriguez, Anxela, Cardia, Pedro, Cavadas, Bento Filipe Barreiras Pinto, Cebesoy, Umran Betul, Cvetković, Dragana D., Demarsy, Emilie, Đorđević, Mirko S., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubchak, Liudmyla, Dvořáková, Radka M., Fančovičová, Jana, Fortin, Corinne, Futo, Momir, Geamănă, Nicoleta Adriana, Gericke, Niklas, Grasso, Donato A., Lendvai, Ádám Z., Mavrikaki, Evangelia, Meneganzin, Andra, Mogias, Athanasios, Möller, Andrea, Mota, Paulo G., Naciri, Yamama, Németh, Zoltán, Ożańska-Ponikwia, Katarzyna, Paolucci, Silvia, Pap, Péter László, Petersson, Maria, Pietrzak, Barbara, Pievani, Telmo, Pobric, Alma, Porozovs, Juris, Realdon, Giulia, Sá-Pinto, Xana, Savković, Uroš B., Sicard, Mathieu, Sofonea, Mircea T., Sorgo, Andrej, Stermin, Alexandru N., Tăușan, Ioan, Torkar, Gregor, Türkmen, Lütfullah, Tutnjević, Slavica, Uitto, Anna E., Varga, Máté, Varga, Mirna, Vazquez-Ben, Lucia, Venetis, Constantinos, Viguera, Enrique, Virtbauer, Lisa Christine, Vutsova, Albena, Yruela, Inmaculada, Zandveld, Jelle, and Graf, Dittmar

Abstract

Additional file 2. Overviews of European national school curricula concerning the subject Biology and the topic “evolution”.

Published
2022
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23. Additional file 1 of European first-year university students accept evolution but lack substantial knowledge about it: a standardized European cross-country assessment

Author

Kuschmierz, Paul, Beniermann, Anna, Bergmann, Alexander, Pinxten, Rianne, Aivelo, Tuomas, Berniak-Woźny, Justyna, Bohlin, Gustav, Bugallo-Rodriguez, Anxela, Cardia, Pedro, Cavadas, Bento Filipe Barreiras Pinto, Cebesoy, Umran Betul, Cvetković, Dragana D., Demarsy, Emilie, Đorđević, Mirko S., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubchak, Liudmyla, Dvořáková, Radka M., Fančovičová, Jana, Fortin, Corinne, Futo, Momir, Geamănă, Nicoleta Adriana, Gericke, Niklas, Grasso, Donato A., Lendvai, Ádám Z., Mavrikaki, Evangelia, Meneganzin, Andra, Mogias, Athanasios, Möller, Andrea, Mota, Paulo G., Naciri, Yamama, Németh, Zoltán, Ożańska-Ponikwia, Katarzyna, Paolucci, Silvia, Pap, Péter László, Petersson, Maria, Pietrzak, Barbara, Pievani, Telmo, Pobric, Alma, Porozovs, Juris, Realdon, Giulia, Sá-Pinto, Xana, Savković, Uroš B., Sicard, Mathieu, Sofonea, Mircea T., Sorgo, Andrej, Stermin, Alexandru N., Tăușan, Ioan, Torkar, Gregor, Türkmen, Lütfullah, Tutnjević, Slavica, Uitto, Anna E., Varga, Máté, Varga, Mirna, Vazquez-Ben, Lucia, Venetis, Constantinos, Viguera, Enrique, Virtbauer, Lisa Christine, Vutsova, Albena, Yruela, Inmaculada, Zandveld, Jelle, and Graf, Dittmar

Abstract

Additional file 1. List of university programs that occur in our study and are considered as biology related.

Published
2022
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27. Erratum

Author

Bryant, Gregory A., Fessler, Daniel M.T., Fusaroli, Riccardo, Clint, Edward, Aarøe, Lene, Apicella, Coren L., Petersen, Michael Bang, Bickham, Shaneikiah T., Bolyanatz, Alexander, Chavez, Brenda, de Smet, Delphine, Díaz, Cinthya, Fančovičová, Jana, Fux, Michal, Giraldo-Perez, Paulina, Hu, Anning, Kamble, Shanmukh V., Kameda, Tatsuya, Li, Norman P., Luberti, Francesca R., Prokop, Pavol, Quintelier, Katinka, Scelza, Brooke A., Shin, Hyun Jung, Soler, Montserrat, Stieger, Stefan, Toyokawa, Wataru, van den Hende, Ellis A., Viciana-Asensio, Hugo, Yildizhan, Saliha Elif, Yong, Jose C., Yuditha, Tessa, Zhou, Yi, and Management and Organisation

Abstract

The authors note that Table 1 appeared incorrectly. The corrected table appears below. (Table Presented).

Published
2021
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31. Animal Welfare Attitudes: effects of gender and diet in university samples from 22 countries

Author

Randler, Christoph, Adan, Ana, Antofie, Maria-Mihaela, Arrona-Palacios, Arturo, Candido, Manecas, Boeve-de Pauw, Jelle, Chandrakar, Priti, Demirhan, Eda, Detsis, Vassilis, Di Milia, Lee, Fančovičová, Jana, Gericke, Niklas, Haldar, Prasun, Heidari, Zeinab, Jankowski, Konrad S., Lehto, Juhani E., Lundell-Creagh, Ryan, Medina-Jerez, William, Meule, Adrian, L. Milfont, Taciano, Orgilés, Mireia, Morales, Alexandra, Natale, Vincenzo, Ortiz-Jiménez, Xóchitl, Pande, Babita, Partonen, Timo, Pati, Atanu Kumar, Prokop, Pavol, Rahafar, Arash, Scheuch, Martin, Sahu, Subhashis, Tomažič, Iztok, Tonetti, Lorenzo, Vallejo Medina, Pablo, van Petegem, Peter, Vargas, Alejandro, Vollmer, Christian, Open University, Randler C., Adan A., Antofie M.-M., Arrona-Palacios A., Candido M., de Pauw J.B., Chandrakar P., Demirhan E., Detsis V., Di Milia L., Fancovicova J., Gericke N., Haldar P., Heidari Z., Jankowski K.S., Lehto J.E., Lundell-Creagh R., Medina-Jerez W., Meule A., Milfont T.L., Orgiles M., Morales A., Natale V., Ortiz-Jimenez X., Pande B., Partonen T., Pati A.K., Prokop P., Rahafar A., Scheuch M., Sahu S., Tomazic I., Tonetti L., Medina P.V., van Petegem P., Vargas A., and Vollmer C.

Subjects
omnivore, demography, PERCEPTIONS, sex difference, Veterinary medicine, CHILDREN, Animal welfare attitude, Husdjursvetenskap, Article, animal welfare, convenience sample, human experiment, Sociology, male, Animal and Dairy Science, SF600-1100, gender, Psychology, human, animal welfare attitudes, Biology, 412 Animal science, dairy science, university student, nonhuman, SLAUGHTER, PUBLIC-ATTITUDES, adult, questionnaire, gender inequality, CONSUMER ATTITUDES, article, respect, WOMEN, MEN, vegan diet, major clinical study, human tissue, TRANSPORT, culture, female, empowerment, human development, QL1-991, ORIGINS, animal scales, diet, Zoology, BEHAVIOR
Abstract

Animal Welfare Attitudes (AWA) are defined as human attitudes towards the welfare of animals in different dimensions and settings. Demographic factors, such as age and gender are associated with AWA. The aim of this study was to assess gender differences among university students in a large convenience sample from twenty-two nations in AWA. A total of 7914 people participated in the study (5155 women, 2711 men, 48 diverse). Participants completed a questionnaire that collected demographic data, typical diet and responses to the Composite Respect for Animals Scale Short version (CRAS-S). In addition, we used a measure of gender empowerment from the Human Development Report. The largest variance in AWA was explained by diet, followed by country and gender. In terms of diet, 6385 participants reported to be omnivores, 296 as pescatarian, 637 ate a vegetarian diet and 434 were vegans (n = 162 without answer). Diet was related with CRAS-S scores, people with a vegan diet scored higher in AWA than omnivores. Women scored significantly higher on AWA than men. Furthermore, gender differences in AWA increased as gender inequality decreased.

Published
2021

33. European first-year university students accept evolution but lack substantial knowledge about it: a standardized European cross-country assessment

Author

European Commission, Yruela Guerrero, Inmaculada [0000-0003-3608-4720], Kuschmierz, Paul, Beniermann, Anna, Bergmann, Alexander, Pinxten, Rianne, Aivelo, Tuomas, Berniak-Woźny, Justyna, Bohlin, Gustav, Bugallo-Rodriguez, Anxela, Cardia, Pedro, Barreiras Pinto Cavadas, Bento Filipe, Cebesoy, Umran Betul, Cvetković, Dragana D., Demarsy, Emilie, Đorđević, Mirko S., Drobniak, Szymon M., Drobniak, Liudmyla, Dvořáková, Radka M., Fančovičová, Jana, Fortin, Corinne, Futo, Momir, Geamănă, Nicoleta Adriana, Gericke, Niklas, Grasso, Donato A., Lendvai, Ádám Z., Mavrikaki, Evangelia, Meneganzin, Andra, Mogias, Athanasios, Möller, Andrea, Mota, Paulo G., Naciri, Yamama, Németh, Zoltán, Ożańska-Ponikwia, Katarzyna, Paolucci, Silvia, László Pap, Péter, Petersson, Maria, Pietrzak, Barbara, Pievani, Telmo, Pobric, Alma, Porozovs, Juris, Realdon, Giulia, Sá-Pinto, Xana, Savković, Uroš B., Sicard, Mathieu, Sofonea, Mircea T., Sorgo, Andrej, Stermin, Alexandru N., Tăușan, Ioan, Torkar, Gregor, Türkmen, Lütfullah, Tutnjević, Slavica, Uitto, Anna E., Varga, Máté, Varga, Mirna, Vazquez-Ben, Lucia, Venetis, Constantinos, Viguera, Enrique, Virtbauer, Lisa Christine, Vutsova, Albena, Yruela Guerrero, Inmaculada, Zandveld, Jelle, Graf, Dittmar, European Commission, Yruela Guerrero, Inmaculada [0000-0003-3608-4720], Kuschmierz, Paul, Beniermann, Anna, Bergmann, Alexander, Pinxten, Rianne, Aivelo, Tuomas, Berniak-Woźny, Justyna, Bohlin, Gustav, Bugallo-Rodriguez, Anxela, Cardia, Pedro, Barreiras Pinto Cavadas, Bento Filipe, Cebesoy, Umran Betul, Cvetković, Dragana D., Demarsy, Emilie, Đorđević, Mirko S., Drobniak, Szymon M., Drobniak, Liudmyla, Dvořáková, Radka M., Fančovičová, Jana, Fortin, Corinne, Futo, Momir, Geamănă, Nicoleta Adriana, Gericke, Niklas, Grasso, Donato A., Lendvai, Ádám Z., Mavrikaki, Evangelia, Meneganzin, Andra, Mogias, Athanasios, Möller, Andrea, Mota, Paulo G., Naciri, Yamama, Németh, Zoltán, Ożańska-Ponikwia, Katarzyna, Paolucci, Silvia, László Pap, Péter, Petersson, Maria, Pietrzak, Barbara, Pievani, Telmo, Pobric, Alma, Porozovs, Juris, Realdon, Giulia, Sá-Pinto, Xana, Savković, Uroš B., Sicard, Mathieu, Sofonea, Mircea T., Sorgo, Andrej, Stermin, Alexandru N., Tăușan, Ioan, Torkar, Gregor, Türkmen, Lütfullah, Tutnjević, Slavica, Uitto, Anna E., Varga, Máté, Varga, Mirna, Vazquez-Ben, Lucia, Venetis, Constantinos, Viguera, Enrique, Virtbauer, Lisa Christine, Vutsova, Albena, Yruela Guerrero, Inmaculada, Zandveld, Jelle, and Graf, Dittmar

Abstract

Background Investigations of evolution knowledge and acceptance and their relation are central to evolution education research. Ambiguous results in this field of study demonstrate a variety of measuring issues, for instance differently theorized constructs, or a lack of standardized methods, especially for cross-country comparisons. In particular, meaningful comparisons across European countries, with their varying cultural backgrounds and education systems, are rare, often include only few countries, and lack standardization. To address these deficits, we conducted a standardized European survey, on 9200 first-year university students in 26 European countries utilizing a validated, comprehensive questionnaire, the “Evolution Education Questionnaire”, to assess evolution acceptance and knowledge, as well as influencing factors on evolution acceptance. Results We found that, despite European countries’ different cultural backgrounds and education systems, European first-year university students generally accept evolution. At the same time, they lack substantial knowledge about it, even if they are enrolled in a biology-related study program. Additionally, we developed a multilevel-model that determines religious faith as the main influencing factor in accepting evolution. According to our model, knowledge about evolution and interest in biological topics also increase acceptance of evolution, but to a much lesser extent than religious faith. The effect of age and sex, as well as the country’s affiliation, students’ denomination, and whether or not a student is enrolled in a biology-related university program, is negligible. Conclusions Our findings indicate that, despite all their differences, most of the European education systems for upper secondary education lead to acceptance of evolution at least in university students. It appears that, at least in this sample, the differences in knowledge between countries reflect neither the extent to which school curricula c

Published
2021

38. Percepcia rastlinných plodov žiakmi základných škôl alebo čo je pekné, je aj dobré

Author

Kubiatko, Milan and Fančovičová, Jana

Subjects
toxicita, zbarvení plodů, žáci základní školy, fruit coloring, attractiveness, toxicity, atraktivita, preference, primary school students
Abstract

Rozmanitosť sfarbenia plodov/semien púta pozornosť už od čias Darwina, avšak len veľmi málo sa vie o preferenciách určitých plodov/semien človekom. Atraktívne predmety sú človekom hodnotené pozitívne, lákajú jeho pozornosť, nepríťažlivé subjekty pôsobia naopak odpudivo. Cieľom práce bolo zistiť vzťah medzi vnímaním toxicity, estetiky a ochotou skonzumovať plody rastlín a stanovenie vplyv sfarbenia plodu na vnímanie jeho atraktivity. Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 195 žiakov základnej školy, ktorí sa na základe powerpointovej prezentácie, v rámci ktorej bolo prezentovaných 20 obrázkov cudzokrajných rastlín, konkrétne ich plodov, vyjadrovali k atraktivite, toxicite a ochote skonzumovať predložené plody. Bolo zistené, že žiaci boli ochotní skonzumovať vybrané plody bola štatisticky významne ovplyvnená vnímaním estetiky prezentovaných plodov a semien. Respondenti neboli schopní rozlišovať medzi jedlými a toxickými plodmi na základe ich sfarbenia. Červené plody boli hodnotené ako atraktívnejšie ako zelené a hnedé plody. Dievčatá hodnotili všetky skupiny plodov oveľa atraktívnejšie v porovnaní s chlapcami.

Published
2020

46. The perception of toxic and non-toxic plants by children and adolescents with regard to gender: implications for teaching botany.

Author

Prokop, Pavol and Fančovičová, Jana

Subjects
*POISONOUS plants, *ADOLESCENCE, *TEENAGE girls, *PLANT identification, *EDIBLE plants, *BOTANY
Abstract

Human cognition is influenced by natural selection which results in better information retention related to survival and faster visual recognition of potential threat. Plants are excellent models for studying human preferences because of the long evolutionary connectedness of humans with plants as food sources, although research in this field is scarce. We created visual detection tasks to investigate human responses to toxic and non-toxic plants using a sample of children (N = 80) and adolescents (N = 80). As predicted, toxic plants were detected significantly sooner than non-toxic plants. Children showed faster plant detection times than adolescents and females were faster in identification of plants than males. There were, however, no differences in toxic plant identification skills with respect to age and gender. These results suggest that plant toxicity, as an example of survival-relevant information, meets with increased attention on the part of humans and needs to be incorporated into teaching botany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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48. Detecting affiliation in colaughter across 24 societies.

Author

Fusaroli, Riccardo, Fusaroli, Riccardo, Clint, Edward, Aarøe, Lene, Apicella, Coren, Petersen, Michael, Bickham, Shaneikiah, Bolyanatz, Alexander, Chavez, Brenda, De Smet, Delphine, Díaz, Cinthya, Fančovičová, Jana, Fux, Michal, Giraldo-Perez, Paulina, Hu, Anning, Kamble, Shanmukh, Kameda, Tatsuya, Li, Norman, Luberti, Francesca, Prokop, Pavol, Quintelier, Katinka, Shin, Hyun, Soler, Montserrat, Stieger, Stefan, Toyokawa, Wataru, van den Hende, Ellis, Viciana-Asensio, Hugo, Yildizhan, Saliha, Yong, Jose, Yuditha, Tessa, Zhou, Yi, Scelza, Brooke, Bryant, Gregory, Fessler, Daniel, Fusaroli, Riccardo, Fusaroli, Riccardo, Clint, Edward, Aarøe, Lene, Apicella, Coren, Petersen, Michael, Bickham, Shaneikiah, Bolyanatz, Alexander, Chavez, Brenda, De Smet, Delphine, Díaz, Cinthya, Fančovičová, Jana, Fux, Michal, Giraldo-Perez, Paulina, Hu, Anning, Kamble, Shanmukh, Kameda, Tatsuya, Li, Norman, Luberti, Francesca, Prokop, Pavol, Quintelier, Katinka, Shin, Hyun, Soler, Montserrat, Stieger, Stefan, Toyokawa, Wataru, van den Hende, Ellis, Viciana-Asensio, Hugo, Yildizhan, Saliha, Yong, Jose, Yuditha, Tessa, Zhou, Yi, Scelza, Brooke, Bryant, Gregory, and Fessler, Daniel

Abstract

Laughter is a nonverbal vocal expression that often communicates positive affect and cooperative intent in humans. Temporally coincident laughter occurring within groups is a potentially rich cue of affiliation to overhearers. We examined listeners judgments of affiliation based on brief, decontextualized instances of colaughter between either established friends or recently acquainted strangers. In a sample of 966 participants from 24 societies, people reliably distinguished friends from strangers with an accuracy of 53-67%. Acoustic analyses of the individual laughter segments revealed that, across cultures, listeners judgments were consistently predicted by voicing dynamics, suggesting perceptual sensitivity to emotionally triggered spontaneous production. Colaughter affords rapid and accurate appraisals of affiliation that transcend cultural and linguistic boundaries, and may constitute a universal means of signaling cooperative relationships.

Published
2016

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