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5. Nano-liquid chromatography

Author

Ramon, M. Asensio, primary, Fanali, C., additional, Posta, S. Della, additional, D’Orazio, G., additional, and Fanali, Salvatore, additional

Published
2023
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13. Chiral separation and analysis of antifungal drugs by chromatographic and electromigration techniques: Results achieved in 2010–2020

Author

D’Orazio Giovanni, Fanali Chiara, Dal Bosco Chiara, Gentili Alessandra, and Fanali Salvatore

Subjects
antifungal drugs, chiral separation, electromigration methods, nano-lc, hplc, sfc, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The determination and separation of enantiomers is an interesting and important topic of research in various fields, e.g., biochemistry, food science, pharmaceutical industry, environment, etc. Although these compounds possess identical physicochemical properties, a pair of enantiomers often has different pharmacological, toxicological, and metabolic activities. For this reason, chiral discrimination by using chromatographic and electromigration techniques has become an urgent need in the pharmaceutical field. This review intends to offer the “state of the art” about the separation of chiral antifungal drugs and several related precursors by both liquid and gas chromatography, as well as electromigration methods. This overview is organized into two sections. The first one describes general considerations on chiral antifungal drugs. The second part deals with the main analytical methods for the enantiomeric discrimination of these drugs, including a brief description of chiral selectors and stationary phases. Moreover, many recent applications attesting the great interest of analytical chemists in the field of enantiomeric separation are presented.

Published
2021
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23. Contributors

Author

Arena, Paola, primary, Berg, Henriette Engen, additional, Cacciola, Francesco, additional, D'Orazio, Giovanni, additional, David, Frank, additional, de Koster, Chris G., additional, Donato, Paola, additional, Dugo, Paola, additional, Fanali, Chiara, additional, Fanali, Salvatore, additional, Janssen, Hans-Gerd, additional, Kolk, Arend H.J., additional, Lundanes, Elsa, additional, Mangraviti, Domenica, additional, Mondello, Luigi, additional, Mourão, Marta P.B., additional, Pinkerton, David K., additional, Prebihalo, Sarah E., additional, Purcaro, Giorgia, additional, Reaser, Brooke C., additional, Roberg-Larsen, Hanne, additional, Schoenmakers, Peter J., additional, Skogerboe, Kristen J., additional, Synovec, Robert E., additional, Tranchida, Peter Q., additional, Watson, Nathanial E., additional, Wilson, Steven Ray, additional, and Zoccali, Mariosimone, additional

Published
2020
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36. Innovative Solutions for the Extraction of Vitamins from Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples

Author

D’Orazio Giovanni, Fanali Salvatore, Dal Bosco Chiara, Fanali Chiara, and Gentili Alessandra

Subjects
Chromatography, Chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), Analytical Chemistry
Abstract

Background: The extraction of vitamins from complex matrices, such as pharmaceutical and biological samples, is a demanding task. Progress in material science is revolutionizing sample preparation, leading to the development of more efficient, sensitive, and selective analytical methods. In particular, the evolution of solid-phase extraction towards miniaturized techniques is closely related to the introduction of nanomaterials as new sorbents. Microextraction techniques, both solid-based and liquid-based, allow for the reduction of solvent and sample volumes, as well as the sample processing times. In many cases, these procedures are also environmentally friendly. Moreover, the substitution of traditional organic solvents with the neoteric ones is another current trend in analytical chemistry. Aims: The aim of this review is to introduce readers to the innovative solutions available for the extraction of vitamins from matrices of different complexity. Methods: Research papers in the literature of the last five years are reviewed, providing a critical description of the most original and interesting sample preparation approaches devoted to vitamin extraction. Results: Among the last five years of literature concerning the analysis of vitamins in the clinical and pharmaceutical sectors, only 40% of works applied some innovative or green approaches to sample preparation. However, a general trend is the reduction of solvent volumes and sample processing times. Conclusion: The great potential of microextraction techniques based on nanomaterials and neoteric solvents has not been fully exploited yet in the clinical and pharmaceutical fields. Considering the high cost of carbon-based nanomaterials, it can be expected that in the near future, liquid microextraction techniques based on neoteric solvents will be more effective for sample preparation. Thanks to their low cost, environmental compatibility, simplicity, speediness and high enrichment factor, these extractive techniques are particularly significant for vitamin analysis.

Published
2021

41. Contributors

Author

Anguizola, Jeanethe A., primary, Asensio-Ramos, Maria, additional, Barnett, Kimber L., additional, Bohni, Nadine, additional, Brun, Yefim, additional, Cacciola, Francesco, additional, Catani, Martina, additional, Cavazzini, Alberto, additional, Crotti, Sara, additional, Dolan, John W., additional, D'Orazio, Giovanni, additional, Dugo, Paola, additional, Edison, Arthur S., additional, Fanali, Chiara, additional, Fanali, Salvatore, additional, Felinger, Attila, additional, Foret, František, additional, Fornstedt, Torgny, additional, Forssén, Patrik, additional, García-Álvarez-Coque, María Celia, additional, Goicoechea, Héctor C., additional, Graul, Timothy W., additional, Hage, David S., additional, Harrington, Brent, additional, Isak, Ilena, additional, Kaliszan, Roman, additional, Kaspereit, Malte, additional, Kuligowski, Julia, additional, LaCourse, William R., additional, LaCourse, Margaret E., additional, Lamotte, Stefan, additional, Lenca, Nicole, additional, Lendl, Bernhard, additional, Li, Rong, additional, Machtejevas, Egidijus, additional, Macka, Mirek, additional, Matsuda, Ryan, additional, Mondello, Luigi, additional, Muñoz de la Peña, Arsenio, additional, Navarro-Huerta, José Antonio, additional, Ndjoko-Ioset, Karine, additional, Nesterenko, Pavel N., additional, Nováková, Lucie, additional, Novotný, Jakub, additional, Olivieri, Alejandro C., additional, Papastavros, Efthimia, additional, Paull, Brett, additional, Pavlík, Jakub, additional, Pfaunmiller, Erika, additional, Pisano, Pablo L., additional, Poole, Colin F., additional, Quintás, Guillermo, additional, Ramis-Ramos, Guillermo, additional, Rasmussen, Christopher J., additional, Riekkola, Marja-Liisa, additional, Russo, Marina, additional, Samuelsson, Jörgen, additional, Seidel-Morgenstern, Andreas, additional, Smejkal, Petr, additional, Snyder, Lloyd R., additional, Sobansky, Matthew, additional, Striegel, André M., additional, Svoboda, Pavel, additional, Tomaz, Cândida T., additional, Torres-Lapasió, José R., additional, Traldi, Pietro, additional, Unger, Klaus K., additional, Wiedmer, Susanne K., additional, Wolfender, Jean-Luc, additional, and Zheng, Xiwei, additional

Published
2017
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43. Nano-Liquid Chromatographic Separations

Author

Fanali, Chiara, primary, Asensio-Ramos, María, additional, D'Orazio, Giovanni, additional, Hernández-Borges, Javier, additional, Rocco, Anna, additional, and Fanali, Salvatore, additional

Published
2017
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44. List of Contributors

Author

Asensio-Ramos, María, primary, Byrdwell, William C., additional, Cacciola, Francesco, additional, Cavazzini, Alberto, additional, Ciogli, Alessia, additional, D'Acquarica, Ilaria, additional, D'Orazio, Giovanni, additional, Dittmann, Monika M., additional, Donato, Paola, additional, Dugo, Paola, additional, Fanali, Chiara, additional, Fanali, Salvatore, additional, Gasparrini, Francesco, additional, Guillarme, Davy, additional, Hernández-Borges, Javier, additional, Holčapek, Michal, additional, Ismail, Omar H., additional, Jakubec, Pavel, additional, Jandera, Pavel, additional, Lísa, Miroslav, additional, Lv, Yongqin, additional, Mondello, Luigi, additional, Nováková, Lucie, additional, Pierini, Marco, additional, Plachká, Kateřina, additional, Purcaro, Giorgia, additional, Rocco, Anna, additional, Stoll, Dwight R., additional, Svec, Frantisek, additional, Tranchida, Peter Q., additional, Veuthey, Jean-Luc, additional, Villani, Claudio, additional, and Wang, Xiaoli, additional

Published
2017
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48. Multi-residue determination of organic micro-pollutants in river sediment by stir-disc solid phase extraction based on oxidized buckypaper

Author

Generalitat Valenciana, Gentili, Alessandra [0000-0002-9541-3857], Fanali, Salvatore [0000-0002-8221-6133], Picó, Yolanda [0000-0002-9545-0965], Tomai, Pierpaolo, Gentili, Alessandra, Fanali, Salvatore, Picó, Yolanda, Generalitat Valenciana, Gentili, Alessandra [0000-0002-9541-3857], Fanali, Salvatore [0000-0002-8221-6133], Picó, Yolanda [0000-0002-9545-0965], Tomai, Pierpaolo, Gentili, Alessandra, Fanali, Salvatore, and Picó, Yolanda

Abstract

This paper describes a procedure for the isolation of 20 organic micro-pollutants among pesticides, drugs, recreational drugs, flame retardants from river sediments. After a solid-liquid extraction with a methanol:water (50:50, v/v) solution, the supernatant was diluted with water and cleaned up by stir-disc solid-phase extraction (SPE). The disc was made of buckypaper, a self-supporting entangled assembly of carbon nanotubes, which was used as a highly porous, two-sided, sorbent membrane. In the preliminary activation step, the membrane was oxidised for 2-hours with nitric acid to extend its extraction capability also to more polar compounds. All extracts were analysed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A comparative investigation with commercial Strata-X Polymeric Reversed Phase SPE cartridges proved the effectiveness of the lab-made device. On the average, the analytes were recovered with yields around 69% (low spike level) and 80% (medium and high spike level), while only a couple of analytes exhibited values less than 50%. The relative standard deviation was always less than 20%. Limits of detections were in the range 0.02–9.9 ng g−1. The validated method was then applied for the analysis of sediment samples from different sites of the River Turia basin in the area of Valencia (Spain), finding tris(2-chloroisopropyl)-phosphate in all sediments at a level ranging from 6.9 to 387.9 ng g−1. Other compounds, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals were more sporadically in these samples.

Published
2020

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