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Peltier cells are commonly used in low-power cooling applications, such as automotive refrigerators and electronics temperature regulation systems. These applications are typically low-energy in nature. There is currently a growing emphasis on energy conservation and waste heat utilization in the energy industry. This paper explores the possibility of improving the heating or cooling coefficient of performance (COP) of Peltier cells through intelligent serial and parallel connections. The purpose of this work is to raise the question of whether it would be possible to reconsider the concept of harnessing the "energy" potential of Peltier cells. The utilized model is in line with the current state of the art, and the case study is based on parameters measured on a commercially available Peltier cell. The resulting COP, when considering current materials, remains inferior to the COP of compressor-based heat pumps. For low-power devices, it can represent a technically and economically comparable solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the resilience of power distribution networks against extreme natural disasters, this article introduces a robust fault recovery strategy for multi-source, flexible interconnected power distribution networks, particularly under scenarios of extreme disasters. Initially, the comprehensive risk of system failure due to ice load on distribution lines and poles is fully considered, and a model for the overall failure rate of lines is constructed. This model addresses the diverse failure scenarios triggered by various meteorological conditions. Through the use of information entropy, typical extreme disaster failure scenarios are identified, and lines with high failure rates underthese scenarios are determined. Subsequently, a box-type interval model is developed to represent the uncertainty in the output of distributed generation (DG), and on this basis, a robust fault recovery model for multi-source power distribution networks interconnected through soft open points (SOPs) is established, and use the Column and Constraint Generation (C&CG) algorithm to solve the problem. Finally, the fault recovery model and strategy proposed are validated through an illustrative example based on a modified IEEE 33-node interconnected system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicle (EV) technology has lately attained a considerable market share. For sustainability, reliability and efficiency of the electric-power distribution grid, this technology have need of the development and implementation of smart charging techniques. With the fast progress of Electric Vehicles (EVs), large-scale charging demand will tremendously affect existing electric-power distribution grid. Hence, the inevitability for a smart charging regime. This review article briefly talk about the various types of electric vehicles. It discusses the grid, smart grid and their relationship with the electric vehicle. A review case of emissions from EVs have been presented. It outlined some proven smart charging techniques by different authors utilizing diverse tools for the electric vehicle. Thereafter, based on the techniques outlined attempts were made to explain the influence of smart EV battery charging management on the distribution grid. From the foregoing, the authors reached the conclusion that the fair share of coal as electrical energy resource should be minimized in order to reduce carbon dioxide emission from EVs. Furthermore, the various electric vehicle smart charging techniques investigated reveal a promising future for smart charging integrated electric-power distribution grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]