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This study uses green patent data from 264 cities in China between 2006 and 2020 to examine the evolution of spatial patterns in urban green technology innovation (GTI) across the country and identify the underlying driving factors. Moran's I index, Getis-Ord Gi* index, standard deviation ellipse, and geographical detector were used for the analysis. The findings indicate an increase in the overall level of GTI within Chinese cities. Provincial capitals, cities along the eastern coast, and planned cities emerge as the prominent "highlands" of GTI, whereas the "lowlands" of GTI predominantly lie in the western and northeastern regions, forming the spatial pattern of "hot in the east and center of the country, cold in the northwest and the northeast." The distribution center of gravity of GTI is toward the southwest of China. The distribution pattern is in the "northeast-southwest" direction, which is characterized by "diffusion," followed by "agglomeration." Differences in economic development have the highest determining power on the spatial differentiation of GTI in Chinese cities, whereas differences in environmental regulation and industrial structure have the lowest degree of relative influence. The interaction between any two factors contributes to an amplified explanatory power in understanding the differences in GTI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of 14 polymorphic microsatellite markers has been developed and characterized using FIASCO (fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats) methods for the garden plant, R hododendron simsii Planch. Forty-one R . simsii individuals showing large morphological differences were used to identify these markers. The total number of alleles for each locus ranged from 2 to 6, with an average value of 3.643. The expected heterozygosities and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.137 to 0.778 and 0.000 to 0.769, respectively. Eight loci exhibited significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Among these microsatellites, seven could successfully be transferred to four related species ( R . pulchrum, R . hybrida, R . alutaceum and R . molle (Blume) G. Don). These novel microsatellite markers could be further used for assessment of genetic diversity and population structure, phylogeographic analysis and marker-assisted selection for R . simsii and other Rhododendron species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhododendron simsii Planch. (Ericaceae) is a valuable horticultural and medicinal plant species. In this study, the genetic diversity of eight wild R. simsii populations from the Dabie Mountains (central China) was investigated with 29 microsatellite markers. The results showed that R. simsii harbored a high level of genetic diversity (HE: 0.64–0.79; HO: 0.71–0.94; I = 1.917; h = 0.826), and 84.34% of this genetic variation was maintained within populations, while variation among populations only accounted for 15.66%. The number of alleles ranged from 6 to 11, with an average of 9.069. Heterozygote excess was found, with the mean FIS and FIT values of −0.1739 and 0.0092, respectively. The average value of gene flow (Nm) was 1.3525. Within‐population, genetic diversity (I) ranged from 1.131 to 1.681. Cluster analyses divided the eight populations into two clades: the 'Ltjiuzihe' population formed its own cluster, while the other seven populations clustered together. There was a weak negative correlation between genetic and geographic distance. The results are highly relevant for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wild R. simsii germplasm resources in central China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]