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Official documents are considered as a critical communications channel among agencies, organizations, and the public. With the rise of e-government, most official documents have been evolved from printed to electronic form in recent decades. However, the convenience of electronic documents also brings higher security risks. Through the integration of email and blockchain technology, this study proposes an architecture for the electronic exchange of official documents to bridge the gap between convenience and security. With the verification of the proposed system, the findings provide a valuable reference for the governance of agencies. &nbsp

This study explored the effects of information technology (IT) resources&mdash, in conjunction with IT infrastructure and organizational resources&mdash, on organizational capabilities and performance. The study further analyzed the mediating effect of organizational capabilities on the relationship between IT resources and organizational performance. A cross-sectional research design was adopted, and questionnaire copies were administered to senior care supervisors of Taiwanese day care centers, care institutions, and hospitals. In total, 328 valid questionnaire responses were obtained. The study results are summarized as follows: (1) A direct effect analysis revealed that IT infrastructure significantly affected service performance and financial performance, organizational resources significantly affected service performance but did not significantly affect financial performance. (2) A mediation model analysis indicated that organizational capabilities exerted a mediating effect on the relationship between IT resources and organizational performance. These results can serve as a reference for medical care organizations in developing strategies for reviewing internal IT resources, integrating internal and external capabilities, creating a competitive advantage, and boosting their performance.

We report an efficient growth factor delivering system based on polypeptide/heparin composite hydrogels for wound healing application. Linear and star-shaped poly(l-lysine) (l-PLL and s-PLL) were chosen due to not only their cationic characteristics, facilitating the efficient complexation of negatively charged heparin, but also the ease to tune the physical and mechanical properties of as-prepared hydrogels simply by varying polypeptide topology and chain length. The results showed that polymer topology can be an additional parameter to tune hydrogel properties. Our experimental data showed that these composite hydrogels exhibited low hemolytic activity and good cell compatibility as well as excellent antibacterial activity, making them ideal as wound dressing materials. Unlike other heparin-based hydrogels, these composite hydrogels with heparin densely deposited on the surface can increase the stabilization and concentration of growth factor, which can facilitate the healing process as confirmed by our in vivo animal model. We believe that these PLL/heparin composite hydrogels are promising wound dressing materials and may have potential applications in other biomedical fields.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the richness of information and the satisfaction of participants in an online community regarding archive management in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach – An investigation was deployed to attendants in 20 training courses created by the National Archives Administration (NAA) in Taiwan for records staff on the topic of digital preservation. The responses were collected from respondents who were participating in an online community for archive management. Through structural equation modeling method, this study examined the effects of channel richness, information transparency and accessibility of archive to brand image and trust and then continued to the satisfaction of professional participants to archive management in an online community. Findings – Appropriate disclosure of information regarding archiving can effectively improve the satisfaction of participants in the online community to archive. Channel richness of communication, information transparency and accessibility of archive significantly affect the brand image of archive and the trust of participants to archivists and finally affect the satisfaction of participants in the online community towards archive management. Practical implications – The larger the amount of information exchanged, the more the trust among participants and the better brand image of the archives. The more trust and brand image exists among participants, the more satisfaction they will obtain from archive management. Originality/value – The results can provide a strategic direction for managers of the national archive and the online community in government agencies to allocate resources for enhancing the information richness and the image of archive as well as achieving the satisfaction of participants in the professional community.

The authors report a small molecule host of 2,7-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-9-[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl]-9-phenylfluorene (POAPF) doped with 8 wt% iridium(III)-bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato- N , C 2′ ]picolinate (FIrpic) for use in efficient and single-layer blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) exhibiting a maximum external quantum efficiency of ∼20.3% at brightness of 100 cd/m 2 . The high performance of such single layer PHOLEDs is attributed to the POAPF host’s high morphological stability, suitable triplet energy level, and equal charge carrier mobilities of hole and electron to form the broad carrier recombination zone in the emitting layer, thus reducing the triplet-triplet annihilation and resulting in a slight efficiency roll off of 0.5% from the brightness of 1 and 1000 cd/m 2 . This work also systematically investigated the arrangement of the POAPF:FIrpic recombination zone for optimizing the performance of the single layer PHOLED.

This study examined the effect of fluid convection on microstructures of directionally solidified high-chromium white cast iron (ASTM A532-87 Class III) with carbon equivalents of 4.5. The iron was first melted in a high-frequency induction furnace, and then poured into a sandwiched cylindrical Furan resin sand mold. The middle part is a chilled copper mold kept cold by circulating water, enabling simultaneous directional solidification in the upper and lower zones. The microstructure thus solidified is affected by directionally chilled between these parts. Distribution of temperature in the mold during cast solidification was measured by K-type thermocouples. The measured results show that the lower zone has stronger thermal convection and faster cooling rate than the upper zone. The lower zone has smaller liquidus and solidus gradients than the upper zone.

Archives serve as the common memory of a society and reflect the activities of predecessors. The National Archives Administration, Taiwan (NAA) is charged with educating, promoting, and advancing the usage of archives to citizens. Many efforts such as digitization and fan group have been done on archives to increase their visibility and usability to potential users. Archives, different from other documents, have valuable brand and altisonant image. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the causal relationship among strategy, participants’ perception and satisfaction to archives management in community. Since appropriate strategies can effectively improve professional acceptance and quality, this relationship is deemed as an important issue to government agencies. Through survey, this study concludes that channel richness, information transparency and accessibility significantly influence the brand image and trust of participants and finally affect their satisfaction of participants in community to archives management. The findings can assist managers in government agencies to allocate resources for strategically enhancing the brand image and trust and finally achieving satisfaction within a professional community. Further, this study can also contribute to the platform for public knowledge management in virtual community.

Highly efficient blue electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes incorporating a bipolar host, 2,7-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-9-[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl]-9-phenylfluorene (POAPF), doped with a conventional blue triplet emitter, iridium(III) bis[(4,6-difluoro-phenyl)pyridinato-N,C 2 ]picolinate (Flrpic) are fabricated. The molecular architecture of POAPF features an electron-donating (p-type) triphenylamine group and an electron-accepting (n-type) 2,7-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)fluorene segment linked through the sp 3 -hybridized C9 position of the fluorene unit. The lack of conjugation between these p- and n-type groups endows POAPF with a triplet energy gap (E T ) of 2.75 eV, which is sufficiently high to confine the triplet excitons on the blue-emitting guest In addition, the built-in bipolar functionality facilitates both electron and hole injection. As a result, a POAPF-based device doped with 7 wt% Flrpic exhibits a very low turn-on voltage (2.5 V) and high electroluminescence efficiencies (20.6% and 36.7 lm W -1 ). Even at the practical brightnesses of 100 and 1000 cd m -2 , the efficiencies remain high (20.2%/33.8 lm W -1 and 18.8%/ 24.3 lm W -1 , respectively), making POAPF a promising material for use in low-power-consumption devices for next-generation flat-panel displays and light sources.

This paper presents the results of a case study of applying a systematic and proven process of technology portfolio planning with the use of scenario analysis to renewable energy developments in Taiwan. The planning process starts with decision values of technology development based on a survey of society leaders. It then generates, based on expert opinions and literature search, a set of major technology alternatives, which in this study include: wind energy, photovoltaic, bio-energy, solar thermal power, ocean energy, and geothermal energy. Through a committee of technical experts with diversified professional backgrounds, the process in this study next constructs three scenarios (“Season in the Sun”, “More Desire than Energy”, and “Castle in the Air”) to encompass future uncertainties in the relationships between the technology alternatives and the decision values. Finally, through a second committee of professionals, the process assesses the importance and risks of these alternative technologies and develops a general strategic plan for the renewable energy technology portfolio that is responsive and robust for the future scenarios. The most important contributions of this paper are the clear description of the systematic process of technology portfolio planning and scenario analysis, the detailed demonstration of their application through a case study on the renewable energy development in Taiwan, and the valuable results and insights gained from the application.

We have prepared efficient red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) incorporating 2,7-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-9-[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl]-9-phenylfluorene (POAPF) as the host material doped with the osmium phosphor Os(fptz)2(PPh2Me)2 (fptz = 3-trifluoromethyl-5-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazole). POAPF, which possesses bipolar functionalities, can facilitate both hole- and electron-injection from the charge transport layers to provide a balanced charge flux within the emission layer. The peak electroluminescence performance of the device reached as high as 19.9% and 34.5 lm/W – the highest values reported to date for a red phosphorescent OLED. In addition, we fabricated a POAPF-based white light OLED – containing red-[doped with Os(fptz)2(PPh2Me)2] and blue-emitting {doped with iridium(III) bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C2′] picolinate, FIrpic} layers – that also exhibited satisfactory efficiencies (18.4% and 43.9 lm/W).

The purpose of this study is to explore the additionality of government subsidies on strategic changes in the research and development (R&D) behaviour of recipient firms. Based on 127 government-sponsored R&D programmes over 9 years, input additionality, behavioural additionality, and output additionality were examined. The empirical investigation demonstrates that behavioural additionality of recipient firms could be classified into project enlargement, strategy formulation, cost-effectiveness, and commercialization behaviour. Firms in different industry sectors and innovation categories emphasize different additionality, respectively. Through cluster analysis three kinds of performance patterns in recipient firms are concluded: ideal, compliant, and marginal. The results show that the government must carefully develop evaluation criteria for sponsored programmes in order to direct the behaviour of recipient firms.

A highly efficient blue-light emitter, 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis[4'-(diphenyl-phosphoryl)phenyl]anthracene (POAn) is synthesized, and comprises electron-deficient triphenylphosphine oxide side groups appended to the 9- and 10-positions of a 2-tert-butylanthracene core. This sophisticated anthracene compound possesses a non-coplanar configuration that results in a decreased tendency to crystallize and weaker intermolecular interactions in the solid state, leading to its pronounced morphological stability and high quantum efficiency. In addition to serving as an electron-transporting blue-light-emitting material, POAn also facilitates electron injection from the Al cathode to itself. Consequently, simple double-layer devices incorporating POAn as the emitting, electron-transporting, and -injecting material produce bright deep-blue lights having Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.15,0.07). The peak electroluminescence performance was 4.3% (2.9 cd A -1 ). For a device lacking an electron-transport layer or alkali fluoride, this device displays the best performance of any such the deep-blue Organic light-emitting diodes reported to date.

We report highly efficient blue electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) incorporating a bipolar host, 2,7-bis(diphenylphosphine oxide)-9-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)-9-phenylfluorene (PCF), doped with iridium(III) bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C2′]picolinate (FIrpic). PCF, which contains diphenylphosphine oxide groups appended onto a carbazole/fluorene hybrid, displays both electron- and hole-transporting characteristics, resulting in a low turn-on voltage (2.6 V) and greatly improved power efficiencies. In addition, the sterically hindered structure of PCF provides a compatible environment for the FIrpic dopant, alleviating concentration quenching of the phosphor at high doping levels. The device doped with 28 wt % FIrpic exhibited maximum EL efficiencies of 30.8 cd/A and 26.2 lm/W (at 121 cd/m2). Even at a high brightness of 1000 cd/m2, the efficiencies remained high (26.9 cd/A and 19.6 lm/W).

The purpose of the adaptive volume constraint algorithm (AVC) proposed in this paper is to obtain a topology of structure, which is capable of satisfying both stress and displacement constraints. The final topology thus obtained becomes a feasible design in a realistic working environment considering constraints, or alternatively serves as the ideal base design in subsequent shape optimization, seeking precise agreements with all design constraints. The AVC algorithm is developed from the material distribution method or the homogenization method, in which the compliance of the structure is minimized with a fixed volume constraint (FVC). The traditional material distribution method considers neither stress nor displacement conditions. The AVC algorithm can iteratively adjust its upper volume limit by comparing the difference of the maximum stress or displacement with the pre-specified stress/displacement constraints. The final topology becomes an optimum topology satisfying stress/displacement constraints. In this paper, the AVC algorithm is successfully applied to two industrial design problems simultaneously with stress and displacement constraints, including a bicycle frame and a machine tool frame.

This study utilized recursive systems to assess the causal relationship framework of the relationship enhancement activities, relationship commitment, and relationship learning. A total of 1,067 questionnaires were distributed to members in the Association of the Computer Science and Information Management (CSIM) in this study. The results demonstrated that regular associate activities were not positively correlated with affective commitment, but it directly affected relationship memory. Finally, we also discovered that marketing activities would enhance members' commitment and increase members' willingness to learning.

Four series of compounds 11˜50 containing terminal alicyclic rings such as cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, and cyclopropylmethyl rings were synthesized and their liquid crystal behavior studied. The ring size and the length of flexible alkoxy chain influence the phase formation in different ways. While the smaller ring and the shorter alkoxy chain tend to favor the formation of the N phase, the larger ring and the longer alkoxy chain tend to favor the formation of the SmC phase. All the compounds except 11 and 21 exhibit SmA phases. The widest temperature range of the N, SmA, and SmC phases are found in the compounds 41, 46, and 20, respectively, which are 75 °C for 41, 115 °C for 46, and 100 °C for 20.

Innovation strategies for deploying information services have arisen from the concern of internal resources and external supports. Agencies with different resources may respond differently in fulfilling the rules and regulations. Through conducting a large-scale survey, this study examines the relationship between the nature of organizations, resources and the innovation strategies of agencies. From the empirical findings, outsourcing has been the major innovation strategy adopted by most large agencies with sufficient resources in implementing IS.

In this study, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was applied to investigate the relative efficiencies of government-sponsored R&D projects (GSPs) in different industries in Taiwan. The longitudinal data of 110 GSPs belonging to 4 distinctive industries between 1997 and 2005 were examined. Empirical results showed that aggregated efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency in different industries were significantly different. Besides, we present a Two-Model approach that allows decision-makers to evaluate two models simultaneously-one technical efficiency of intellectual property (IP)-based measures and the second one of application (AP)-based measures. This new method selects only DMUs that are efficient in both IP-based and AP-based measures to be members of the benchmark set. This study show that the two-model approach DEA method of analysis can better indicate managerial efficiency and can help the policy maker at various stages to understand their specific advantages and disadvantages more thoroughly and clearly. This will aid each GSP in the industry to gain a greater understanding of the gap between the outputs of GSPs and improve their operational efficiency by providing future operational strategies analysis.

While e-government is propelling and maturing steadily, advanced technological capabilities alone cannot guarantee agencies’ realizing the full benefits of the enabling computer-based systems. This study analyzes information systems in e-government settings by examining agencies’ satisfaction with an electronic record management system (ERMS). Specifically, we investigate key satisfaction determinants that include regulatory compliance, job relevance, and satisfaction with support services for using the ERMS. We test our model and the hypotheses in it, using a large-scale survey that involves a total of 1,652 government agencies in Taiwan. Our results show significant effects of regulatory compliance on job relevance and satisfaction with support services, which in turn determine government agencies’ satisfaction with an ERMS. Our data exhibit a reasonably good fit to our model, which can explain a significant portion of the variance in agencies’ satisfaction with an ERMS. Our findings have several important implications to research and practice, which are also discussed.

The most important problem to be solved in questionnaire dealing is the laborsaving of the method. In particular, in dealing with open-ended questionnaire are time-consuming and laborious. This study proposes a Delphi web-based opinion survey system, which is designed based on the method for convergence opinion from multiple experts with unstructured data. To demonstrate and evaluate the proposed unstructured data mining methods, Electronic Record Management Systems' questionnaires are adopted. In the experiments, the free-form survey responses are mined on the basis of Chinese word structures. The platform makes opinion convergence more convenient. Finally, we also compare and analyze the results of the manual processing of open-ended questionnaire, and hope this information will be helpful to the survey industry.

Without considering differences in operating environment, traditional methods of efficiency evaluation are suffering from external environmental influences. This study presents an alternative approach for assessing the relative efficiency of government-sponsored research and development projects (GSP). A three-stage approach employing data envelopment analysis to evaluate efficiency and Tobit regression to control external variables was applied to 110 projects over 9 years. This study finds that firm size, industry, and ratio of public subsidy on research and development (R&D) budget of recipient firm significantly influences the technical efficiency of GSP in Taiwan. After controlling these external variables, the mean value of technical efficiency in the third stage increases and becomes significantly different to that in the first stage. Most GSPs increase their returns when their projects are scaled up. Furthermore, government policy makers must establish the upper-limit ratio of subsidies on R&D budgets of recipient firms to avoid inefficient use of public funds.

A series of compoumds, benzyl 4-(4′-alkyloxybiphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)benzoates (1–10), and the two analogous compounds phenylethyl 4-(4′-octoxybiphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)benzoate (11) and phenylpropyl 4-(4′-octoxybiphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)benzoate (12), were prepared. The compounds 6–12 exhibit a SmC phase in addition to other smectic phases. Compound 11, exhibits a nematic phase.

Four analogous compounds, cyclohexylmethyl 4-(4′-octoxybiphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)benzoate (2), cyclopentylmethyl 4-(4′-octoxybiphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)benzoate (3), cyclobutylmethyl 4-(4′-octoxylbiphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)benzoate (4) and cyclopropylmethyl 4-(4′-octoxylbiphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)benzoate (5) were prepared. They all exhibit SmA, SmC and SmX phases.

We have synthesized and characterized a novel blue-emitting material, 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis[4′-(9-p-tolyl-fluoren-9-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]anthracene (BFAn), containing an anthracene core end-capped with 9-phenyl-9-fluorenyl groups. The presence of the sterically congested fluorene groups imparts BFAn with a high thermal decomposition temperature (Td = 510 °C) and results in its forming a stable glass (Tg = 227 °C). Atomic force microscopy measurements revealed that BFAn forms high-quality amorphous films and possesses good morphological stability after annealing. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) featuring BFAn as the emitter exhibited an excellent external quantum efficiency of 5.1% (5.6 cd A−1) with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.15, 0.12) that are very close to the National Television Standards Committee's blue standard. The power efficiency of our BFAn-based devices reached as high as 5.7 lm W−1, making them superior to other reported non-doped deep-blue OLEDs.

We have fabricated highly efficient red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) incorporating a bipolar host material, 2,7-bis(phenylsulfonyl)-9-[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl]-9-phenylfluorene (SAF), doped with 7 wt% tris(1-phenylisoquinolinolato-C2,N)iridium(III) [Ir(piq)3]. Attaching the electron-donating (p-type) triphenylamine group onto the electron-accepting (n-type) 2,7-bis(phenylsulfonyl)fluorene segment (through the C9 position of the fluorene unit) imparts SAF with good morphological stability, high triplet energy gap (ET), bipolar transporting ability, and matching energy levels with adjacent carrier-transporting layers. Consequently, the SAF-based red-PHOLED exhibited a very low turn-on voltage (2.4 V) and high electroluminescence efficiencies of 15.8% and 22.0 lm W−1, superior to those of the corresponding device incorporating a conventional host material, 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazolbiphenyl (CBP; 3.2 V, 8.5%, and 8.4 lm W−1, respectively). At a practical brightness of 1000 cd m−2, the efficiencies of the SAF-based red-PHOLED remained high (13.1%, 14.4 lm W−1).