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Objectives: In this study, we investigated the physical activity status and impact factors in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention in China. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to October 2019. A total of 260 participants were recruited in the cardiovascular department who had successfully undergone percutaneous coronary intervention after one year for physical re-examination at 2 hospitals in Henan Province. They were investigated using 5 questionnaires – the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form, the Exercise Self-efficacy Questionnaire, the Multi-dimensional Fatigue Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Results: After percutaneous coronary intervention, most patients were at low and moderate intensity physical activity and 60.8% of patients did not meet the recommended amount of guidelines. Through the analysis of the influencing factors of physical activity in patients with coronary heart disease stent implantation, the status of physical activity was affected by the NYHA classification, LVEF, exercise self-efficacy, fatigue, and social support. Conclusions: The level of physical activity of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention needs to be improved further. In clinical practice, nursing practitioners should strengthen the health education of patients' exercise rehabilitation to improve the level of physical activity and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events.

Quantum many-body scarring (QMBS) -- a recently discovered form of weak ergodicity breaking in strongly-interacting quantum systems -- presents opportunities for mitigating thermalization-induced decoherence in quantum information processsing. However, the existing experimental realizations of QMBS are based on kinetically-constrained systems where an emergent dynamical symmetry "shields" such states from the thermalizing bulk of the spectrum. Here, we experimentally realize a distinct kind of QMBS phenomena by approximately decoupling a part of the many-body Hilbert space in the computational basis. Utilizing a programmable superconducting processor with 30 qubits and tunable couplings, we realize Hilbert space scarring in a non-constrained model in different geometries, including a linear chain as well as a quasi-one-dimensional comb geometry. By performing full quantum state tomography on 4-qubit subsystems, we provide strong evidence for QMBS states by measuring qubit population dynamics, quantum fidelity and entanglement entropy following a quench from initial product states. Our experimental findings broaden the realm of QMBS mechanisms and pave the way to exploiting correlations in QMBS states for applications in quantum information technology.

Objectives: Stroke is affecting an increasing number of individuals of working age, and accurate assessment of the readiness to return to work can help to determine the timing of return to work and facilitate an early return to society. The objective of this study was to investigate the current state of readiness to return to work and the factors influencing it among young and middle-aged stroke patients in China. Materials & Methods: A sample of young and middle-aged stroke patients hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Henan Province between December 2021 and May 2022 were included in this study. A general information questionnaire and the Readiness to Return to Work Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, Stroke Rehabilitation Self-Efficacy Scale, and Fatigue Severity Scale were administered to the patients. Results: Of the 203 patients successfully surveyed, 60 (29.6%) were in the pre-intention stage, 35 (17.2%) in the intention stage, 81 (39.9%) in the action-readiness-self-assessment stage, and 27 (13.3%) in the action-readiness-action stage. A logistic regression analysis showed that education level, monthly income, time to start rehabilitation exercise, social support, rehabilitation self-efficacy, and fatigue severity were the main factors affecting the readiness of young and middle-aged stroke patients to return to work. Conclusion: The readiness of young and middle-aged stroke patients to return to work needs to be increased further. Healthcare professionals should consider the influencing factors of readiness to return to work and design targeted intervention programmes to facilitate successful return to work and normal life.

Particles subject to confinement experience an attractive potential that increases without bound as they separate. A prominent example is colour confinement in particle physics, in which baryons and mesons are produced by quark confinement. Confinement can also occur in low-energy quantum many-body systems when elementary excitations are confined into bound quasiparticles. Here we report the observation of magnetic domain-wall confinement in interacting spin chains with a trapped-ion quantum simulator. By measuring how correlations spread, we show that confinement can suppress information propagation and thermalization in such many-body systems. We quantitatively determine the excitation energy of domain-wall bound states from the non-equilibrium quench dynamics. We also study the number of domain-wall excitations created for different quench parameters, in a regime that is difficult to model with classical computers. This work demonstrates the capability of quantum simulators for investigating high-energy physics phenomena, such as quark collision and string breaking. Long-range Ising interactions present in one-dimensional spin chains can induce a confining potential between pairs of domain walls, slowing down the thermalization of the system. This has now been observed in a trapped-ion quantum simulator.

Due to extensive research on complex networks, fractal analysis with scale invariance is applied to measure the topological structure and self-similarity of complex networks. Fractal dimension can be used to quantify the fractal properties of the complex networks. However, in the existing box covering algorithms, accurately calculating the fractal dimension of complex networks is still an NP-hard problem. Therefore, in this paper, an improved overlapping box covering algorithm is proposed to explore a more accurate and effective method to calculate the fractal dimension of complex networks. Moreover, in order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, the improved algorithm is applied to six complex networks, and compared with other algorithms. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the improved overlapping box covering algorithm can cover the whole networks with fewer boxes. In addition, the improved overlapping box covering algorithm is a high accuracy and low time complexity method for calculating the fractal dimension of complex networks.

Quantum many-body systems away from equilibrium host a rich variety of exotic phenomena that are forbidden by equilibrium thermodynamics. A prominent example is that of discrete time crystals [1-8], where time translational symmetry is spontaneously broken in periodically driven systems. Pioneering experiments have observed signatures of time crystalline phases with trapped ions [9,10], spins in nitrogen-vacancy centers [11-13], ultracold atoms [14,15], solid spin ensembles [16,17], and superconducting qubits [18-20]. Here, we report the observation of a distinct type of intrinsically non-equilibrium state of matter, a Floquet symmetry-protected topological phase, which is implemented through digital quantum simulation with an array of programmable superconducting qubits. Unlike the discrete time crystals reported in previous experiments, where spontaneous breaking of the discrete time translational symmetry occurs for local observables throughout the whole system, the Floquet symmetry-protected topological phase observed in our experiment breaks the time translational symmetry only at the boundaries and has trivial dynamics in the bulk. More concretely, we observe robust long-lived temporal correlations and sub-harmonic temporal response for the edge spins over up to 40 driving cycles using a circuit whose depth exceeds 240. We demonstrate that the sub-harmonic response is independent of whether the initial states are random product states or symmetry-protected topological states, and experimentally map out the phase boundary between the time crystalline and thermal phases. Our work paves the way to exploring novel non-equilibrium phases of matter emerging from the interplay between topology and localization as well as periodic driving, with current noisy intermediate-scale quantum processors [21].

Quantum many-body systems away from equilibrium host a rich variety of exotic phenomena that are forbidden by equilibrium thermodynamics. A prominent example is that of discrete time crystals1–8, in which time-translational symmetry is spontaneously broken in periodically driven systems. Pioneering experiments have observed signatures of time crystalline phases with trapped ions9,10, solid-state spin systems11–15, ultracold atoms16,17 and superconducting qubits18–20. Here we report the observation of a distinct type of non-equilibrium state of matter, Floquet symmetry-protected topological phases, which are implemented through digital quantum simulation with an array of programmable superconducting qubits. We observe robust long-lived temporal correlations and subharmonic temporal response for the edge spins over up to 40 driving cycles using a circuit of depth exceeding 240 and acting on 26 qubits. We demonstrate that the subharmonic response is independent of the initial state, and experimentally map out a phase boundary between the Floquet symmetry-protected topological and thermal phases. Our results establish a versatile digital simulation approach to exploring exotic non-equilibrium phases of matter with current noisy intermediate-scale quantum processors21.

With the constant augmentation of V2X test requirements, vehicle test organizations urgently need to establish a series certification criterion. As a key factor affecting communication performance, channel features should be considered in the test procedure designed. In this paper, a 3D model is proposed to express the channel feature of the urban area, while the feature of scatter points is discussed. Field measurement data is employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, which provides the theoretical basis for in-chamber V2V test scenarios setting. Experiment results show that the channel fading feature generating by the proposed model coincides with field measurement results.

Objectives: To explore the feasibility of using the video-conferencing program, Skype, on iPads with older adults living in long-term care (LTC) facilities.Method: Using a mixed-method design, six residents from one LTC facility in Queensland, Australia participated in a one-off interactive intervention session, followed by post-session semi-structured interviews. The intervention session involved a 15-minutes training session in using Skype, and 30-minutes interactive practise in making and receiving a call using Skype. Residents were interviewed after the intervention session to explore their experience and perceptions of using Skype on the iPad. Reflections about the intervention session were written as study notes by the research team. Qualitative data were analysed using an inductive, thematic analytic approach.Results: Four broad themes emerged: (1) Video-conferencing on iPads is inhibited by age-related cognitive decline and physical frailty; (2) Video-conferencing is an unfamiliar technology for many older residents, and practice and staff assistance are required; (3) Video-conferencing is regarded positively, and seen as a good way of communicating with family/friends; and (4) Use of video-conferencing highlights general concerns held about privacy and cyber security issues.Conclusion: Without adequate staff assistance, video-conferencing via iPads may be challenging for an older population in LTC. Alternatives such as telepresence robots may assist with these challenges.

Thermalization is a ubiquitous process of statistical physics, in which details of few-body observables are washed out in favor of a featureless steady state. Even in isolated quantum many-body systems, limited to reversible dynamics, thermalization typically prevails. However, in these systems, there is another possibility: many-body localization (MBL) can result in preservation of a non-thermal state. While disorder has long been considered an essential ingredient for this phenomenon, recent theoretical work has suggested that a quantum many-body system with a uniformly increasing field -- but no disorder -- can also exhibit MBL, resulting in `Stark MBL.' Here we realize Stark MBL in a trapped-ion quantum simulator and demonstrate its key properties: halting of thermalization and slow propagation of correlations. Tailoring the interactions between ionic spins in an effective field gradient, we directly observe their microscopic equilibration for a variety of initial states, and we apply single-site control to measure correlations between separate regions of the spin chain. Further, by engineering a varying gradient, we create a disorder-free system with coexisting long-lived thermalized and nonthermal regions. The results demonstrate the unexpected generality of MBL, with implications about the fundamental requirements for thermalization and with potential uses in engineering long-lived non-equilibrium quantum matter., Near published version

Controllable Rydberg atom arrays have provided new insights into fundamental properties of quantum matter both in and out of equilibrium. In this work, we study the effect of experimentally relevant positional disorder on Rydberg atoms trapped in a 2D square lattice under antiblockade (facilitation) conditions. We show that the facilitation conditions lead the connectivity graph of a particular subspace of the full Hilbert space to form a 2D Lieb lattice, which features a singular flat band. Remarkably, we find three distinct regimes as the disorder strength is varied: a critical regime, a delocalized but nonergodic regime, and a regime with a disorder-induced flat band. The critical regime's existence depends crucially upon the singular flat band in our model, and is absent in any 1D array or ladder system. We propose to use quench dynamics to probe the three different regimes experimentally.

Rational, aims, and objectives: To probe into the status of medication adherence in patients after PCI and its correlation with health literacy. Methods: A total of 260 patients after PCI in cardiology department of three hospitals in Zhengzhou, were investigated by two questionnaire, which are 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and Chronic Disease Health Literacy Scale. Results: The score of medication adherence was 5.21±2.04, the score of health literacy was 80.8±24.43; Multivariate linear regression analysis results showed that degree of education, the number of hospitalization, monthly income, course of diseases were the influencing factors of medication adherence, which could explain 61.2% of the total variation; The medication adherence in patients after PCI was positively correlated with health literacy. Conclusion: The higher levels of health literacy positively influenced medication adherence scores in patients after PCI. Nursing staff should assist the patients after PCI to establish self-health management awareness, in order to improve their medication adherence.

Highlights • Most activity interventions for people with dementia in long-term care are facilitated. • Non-facilitated meaningful activities included music/stimulated family presence, animal-like social robot, lifelike dolls. • Some beneficial effects for agitation, emotional wellbeing, feelings of pleasure, engagement and sleep quality. • Future research into the potential benefits of non-facilitated meaningful activities is needed in rigorously designed RCTs., This systematic review sought to evaluate the effectiveness of non-facilitated meaningful activities for older people with dementia in long-term care facilities. Searches were conducted in PubMed; CINAHL; EMBASE; Web of science; PsycINFO; Cochrane; ProQuest; and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify articles published between January 2004 and October 2019. A total of six studies were included. Results implied that current randomised controlled trials or controlled trials about non-facilitated meaningful activities for people with living dementia in long-term care facilitates are limited, but those included in this review were of adequate methodological quality. Meaningful non-facilitated activities, such as music, stimulated family presence, animal-like social robot PARO/plush toy and lifelike dolls, may have beneficial effects on agitation, emotional well-being, feelings of pleasure, engagement, and sleep quality. However, there remains a lack of conclusive and robust evidence to support these psychological and physiological effects of non-facilitated meaningful activities for older people with dementia living in long-term care facilities by care staff.

Based on the fact that knowledge diffusion needs to be digested and absorbed in real life and that communication between friends is more efficient. This paper proposes a knowledge diffusion model with forgetting mechanism (SEIH model). In this model, the states of individuals in the process of diffusion are summarized into four. In order to study the process of knowledge diffusion in social networks, log events of Bluetooth users on campus were used to construct interactive events. The dynamic equations of propagation in the propagation network are given; further we discussed the diffusion conditions and diffusion efficiency of knowledge in the model. The interaction network between individuals is constructed, and the changes in individual state density under different propagation conditions are simulated. The results indicate that the interaction rate and the forgetting or depreciation of knowledge have the most significant effect on the efficiency of knowledge diffusion. Finally, an empirical analysis of six classes in three courses shows the validity of the conclusions.

Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to exert crucial mediators in tumor initiation and development. Nevertheless, the roles of circKIF4A in breast cancer (BC) are still not very clear. Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to determine the expression of circKIF4A, miR-152, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) mRNA and caspase-3. Western blot assay was utilized to examine the protein level of ZEB1. Transwell assay and flow-cytometric analysis were adopted for the evaluation of cell migration, invasion and apoptosis, respectively. The associations among circKIF4A, miR-152 and ZEB1 were predicted by online websites and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Results CircKIF4A and ZEB1 were conspicuously upregulated and miR-152 was markedly reduced in BC tissues and cells. Deficiency of circKIF4A repressed migration, invasion and induced apoptosis of BC cells. Moreover, circKIF4A was confirmed to be a sponge of miR-152 and miR-152 could bind to ZEB1. MiR-152 inhibition or ZEB1 overexpression abolished the impacts of circKIF4A knockdown on cell migration, invasion and apoptosis in BC. Conclusion Silencing of circKIF4A hampered cell metastasis and promoted apoptosis by regulating ZEB1 via sponging miR-152 in BC.

We use Nielsen's geometric approach to quantify the circuit complexity in a one-dimensional Kitaev chain across a topological phase transition. We find that the circuit complexities of both the ground states and non-equilibrium steady states of the Kitaev model exhibit non-analytical behaviors at the critical points, and thus can be used to detect both {\it equilibrium} and {\it dynamical} topological phase transitions. Moreover, we show that the locality property of the real-space optimal Hamiltonian connecting two different ground states depends crucially on whether the two states belong to the same or different phases. This provides a concrete example of classifying different gapped phases using Nielsen's circuit complexity. We further generalize our results to a Kitaev chain with long-range pairing, and discuss generalizations to higher dimensions. Our result opens up a new avenue for using circuit complexity as a novel tool to understand quantum many-body systems., 4.5+5 pages, 4+3 figures

String breaking is a central dynamical process in theories featuring confinement, where a string connecting two charges decays at the expense of the creation of new particle-antiparticle pairs. Here, we show that this process can also be observed in quantum Ising chains where domain walls get confined either by a symmetry-breaking field or by long-range interactions. We find that string breaking occurs, in general, as a two-stage process: First, the initial charges remain essentially static and stable. The connecting string, however, can become a dynamical object. We develop an effective description of this motion, which we find is strongly constrained. In the second stage, which can be severely delayed due to these dynamical constraints, the string finally breaks. We observe that the associated time scale can depend crucially on the initial separation between domain walls and can grow by orders of magnitude by changing the distance by just a few lattice sites. We discuss how our results generalize to one-dimensional confining gauge theories and how they can be made accessible in quantum simulator experiments such as Rydberg atoms or trapped ions., 16 pages, 8 figures; version published in Physical Review B

We numerically investigate the momentum-space entanglement entropy and entanglement spectrum of the random-dimer model and its generalizations, which circumvent Anderson localization, after a quench in the Hamiltonian parameters. The type of dynamics that occurs depends on whether or not the Fermi level of the initial state is near the energy of the delocalized states present in these models. If the Fermi level of the initial state is near the energy of the delocalized states, we observe an interesting slow logarithmic-like growth of the momentum-space entanglement entropy followed by an eventual saturation. Otherwise, the momentum-space entanglement entropy is found to rapidly saturate. We also find that the momentum-space entanglement spectrum reveals the presence of delocalized states in these models for long times after the quench and the many-body entanglement gap decays logarithmically in time when the Fermi level is near the energy of the delocalized states., 4+e pages, 3 figures

Bad repeatability is a defect of on-road V2X (Ve-hicle to Everything) related test. The outside electromagnetic environment is un-controllable and the test outputs perform very un-stable. An obvious advantage of in-chamber test is the controllability of test environment parameters, which could mend the defect of on-road field test. In this paper, an in-chamber test scheme is designed for V2X related test. Corresponding operation conditions are analyzed, and test cases are defined in detail. Moreover, the test parameter setting method is given. A typical application, FCW, is test to verify the effectiveness of proposed scheme. Test results show that the output of in-chamber test is stable, which illustrate a good repeatability.

Hepatocellular carcinoma causes considerable mortality and no efficient chemotherapy is available. Novel molecules of plant origin may prove beneficial in the development of therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study we examined the anticancer effects of Tanshindiol-C (TC) against the hepatocellular carcinoma SNU-4235 cell line.Proliferation rate of the SNU-2435 cells was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis was confirmed by DAPI and annexin V/PI staining. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. MicroRNA expression was checked by qRT-PCR and protein expression by western blotting. The in vivo evaluation of TC was performed in xenografted mice models.TC inhibited the growth of the SNU-4235 cells and exhibited an IC50 of 20 µM. Investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that TC triggered apoptotic death of the SNU-4235 cells which was also associated with enhancement of the expression of Bax and decrease in the expression of Bcl-2. TC also caused arrest of the cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and also exerted angiogenitic effects. TC also enhanced the expression of the tumor suppressor microRNA-21, 222 and 31. In vivo evaluation of TC revealed that it could inhibit the tumor weight volume, suggestive of the anticancer potential of TC.In brief, tanshindiol-C exerts anticancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma by induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, along with inhibiting the angiogenesis and the expression of tumor suppressive microRNAs. TC could also inhibit the growth of the xenografted tumors and hence could prove to be a potential anticancer agent.

I will review some of the latest results in both gate-based quantum computing and analog quantum simulation, speculating on how this platform can realistically be scaled in the near future.

Quantum computers and simulators may offer significant advantages over their classical counterparts, providing insights into quantum many-body systems and possibly improving performance for solving exponentially hard problems, such as optimization and satisfiability. Here, we report the implementation of a low-depth Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) using an analog quantum simulator. We estimate the ground-state energy of the Transverse Field Ising Model with long-range interactions with tunable range, and we optimize the corresponding combinatorial classical problem by sampling the QAOA output with high-fidelity, single-shot, individual qubit measurements. We execute the algorithm with both an exhaustive search and closed-loop optimization of the variational parameters, approximating the ground-state energy with up to 40 trapped-ion qubits. We benchmark the experiment with bootstrapping heuristic methods scaling polynomially with the system size. We observe, in agreement with numerics, that the QAOA performance does not degrade significantly as we scale up the system size and that the runtime is approximately independent from the number of qubits. We finally give a comprehensive analysis of the errors occurring in our system, a crucial step in the path forward toward the application of the QAOA to more general problem instances.

We study one-dimensional spin-1/2 models in which strict confinement of Ising domain walls leads to the fragmentation of Hilbert space into exponentially many disconnected subspaces. Whereas most previous works emphasize dipole moment conservation as an essential ingredient for such fragmentation, we instead require two commuting U(1) conserved quantities associated with the total domain-wall number and the total magnetization. The latter arises naturally from the confinement of domain walls. Remarkably, while some connected components of the Hilbert space thermalize, others are integrable by Bethe ansatz. We further demonstrate how this Hilbert-space fragmentation pattern arises perturbatively in the confining limit of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory coupled to fermionic matter, leading to a hierarchy of time scales for motion of the fermions. This model can be realized experimentally in two complementary settings., Comment: Updated to published version

Graphene plasmon has been attracting interests from both theoretical and experimental research due to its gate tunability and potential applications in the terahertz frequency range. Here, we propose an effective scheme to unidirectionally excite the graphene plasmon by exploiting magneto-optical materials in the famous attenuated total reflection (ATR) configuration. We show that the graphene plasmon dispersion relation in such a device is asymmetric in different exciting directions, thus making it possible to couple the incident light unidirectionally to the propagating plasmon. The split of absorption spectrum of graphene clearly indicates that under a magnetic field for one single frequency, graphene plasmon can only be excited in one direction. The possible gate tunablity of excitation direction and the further application of the proposed scheme, such as optical isolator, also are discussed.

Fatigue driving is one of the most important causes of traffic accidents. Real-time fatigue driving detection and early warning is very important to reduce the number of traffic accidents, injuries, and deaths. Although traditional ECG (Electrocardiography) based methods can effectively identify fatigue state, they need a relatively long time period (in general 5 min) signal and can not be used to monitor fatigue state in real-time. In this paper, a short-time period ECG signals oriented method is proposed to improve detection real-time character. A pre-processing scheme is present to enhance the identifiably and frequency resolution of ECG signal. Meanwhile, a support vector machine (SVM) based fatigue detection model is given. Test results demonstrate that proposed method can effectively identify fatigue with only 5s interval ECG signal.

We study the quasiparticle excitation and quench dynamics of the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model with power-law ($1/r^{\alpha}$) interactions. We find that long-range interactions give rise to a confining potential, which couples pairs of domain walls (kinks) into bound quasiparticles, analogous to mesonic bound states in high-energy physics. We show that these quasiparticles have signatures in the dynamics of order parameters following a global quench and the Fourier spectrum of these order parameters can be expolited as a direct probe of the masses of the confined quasiparticles. We introduce a two-kink model to qualitatively explain the phenomenon of long-range-interaction induced confinement, and to quantitatively predict the masses of the bound quasiparticles. Furthermore, we illustrate that these quasiparticle states can lead to slow thermalization of one-point observables for certain initial states. Our work is readily applicable to current trapped-ion experiments., Comment: 4+2 pages, 4+1 figures

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of lead exposure on spatial learning and memory capacity and the expression of amyloid β and phosphorylated tau proteins in the mouse hippocampus. A total of 24 adult C57BL/6 mice (12 of each sex) were mated at a 1:1 ratio. After delivery, the litters were normalised to 6 pups per litter. During the lactation period, the pups were randomly separated into four groups: control, early exposure, late exposure, or long-term exposure. These groups were not exposed to lead, exposed to lead from birth to week 24, exposed to lead from week 24 to week 48, or exposed to lead from birth to 48 weeks of age, respectively. Lead exposure was induced by providing Pb-contaminated drinking water at a concentration of 0.1%. All of the pups were fed until 72 weeks of age, at which time their spatial learning and memory capacity was evaluated via the Morris water maze test. Then, the lead levels in their blood and hippocampus were measured via graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The protein expression of amyloid β and phosphorylated tau in the hippocampus was detected via Western blot. The results revealed that the hippocampal and blood lead levels were significantly higher in all of the groups exposed to lead than the control group (P

To optimize the extraction process of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica, an orthogonal test with four factors and three levels was designed in the present experiment. The results showed that the highest extraction yield was obtained under the following conditions: extraction temperature, 90 °C; extraction time, 1.5 h; number of extractions, 3; and pH of the extraction solution, 2.5. Furthermore, a capillary zone electrophoresis method using a UV detector was established for the analysis of the monosaccharide composition of fucoidan via 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone derivatization. The results showed that fucoidans found in the three different samples all consisted of xylose, rhamnose, fucose, mannose, galactose, and glucuronic acid, while the mole ratios of monosaccharide components revealed differently. Moreover, fucose and galactose were found to be the most abundant monosaccharides in the samples. The above results could be further used for in-depth study on the mechanism of biological activity of fucoidan from S. japonica.

To evaluate the effect of resveratrol on NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway in the process of oxidative stress of mice brain tissue induced by chronic lead exposure.A total of 48 healthy weaned C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (12 mice each group), control group, lead poisoning model group, lead poisoning coupled with resveratrol intervention group and resveratrol group. The lead poisoning mice model had been made by exposed to 0.2% lead acetate solution in the drinking water for 12 weeks. At the same time, the mice in the intervention group and resveratrol group were fed with resveratrol (50 mg/(kg · d)) by oral gavage and the other two groups were treated with the same volume of solvent, sodium carboxymethylcellulose. The serum and brain tissues were removed and used for detecting the lead concentration and measuring the activity of GSH-Px and the content of GSH and MDA. The levels of protein Nrf2 and γ-GCS were determined by western blot.Compared with the poisoning model group, GSH-Px activity and GSH content were significantly increased (P0.05), and MDA content was significantly decreased in the brain tissue intervened by resveratrol (P0.05). The protein expression of Nrf2 and γ-GCS were induced in the brain tissue of the intervention group (P0.05).Resveratrol could reduce the oxidation damage caused by chronic lead exposure in drinking water which may due to the protein activation of Nrf2, further up-regulated expression of targeting γ-GCS and adjusted dynamic balance of GSH system.

Baseline separation was achieved for 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) derivatives of six usual aldoses by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using acid buffer (pH 2.5). The result showed that the migration times of mannose and rhamnose were much longer than those of the other four aldoses, though the molecular weights of the two monosaccharides were parallel to the others. This phenomenon is due to the intramolecular ring formation in PMP-aldoses, which impairs the conjugate in the pyrazolone ring, and further increases the alkalinity and positive charge of PMP-aldoses in acidic ambience. The aldose having 2,3-trans disposition will be favorable for ring formation and has more positive charge than that of the aldose having 2,3-cis disposition.