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Administering subsequent doses of rabies vaccine is not a medical emergency and does not require access to emergency department (ED) services. This study reviewed ED visits for rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) to identify avoidable ED visits for subsequent rabies vaccination.This retrospective study included patients who received human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) or rabies vaccine at 15 EDs of a multi-hospital health system from 2016 to 2018. All ED visits were classified as initial or non-initial healthcare visits after animal exposure. Emergency department visits for non-initial healthcare were classified as necessary (HRIG administration, worsening symptoms, other emergent conditions, or vaccination during a natural disaster) or avoidable (rabies vaccination only).This study included 145 patients with 203 ED visits (113 initial and 90 non-initial healthcare visits). Avoidable ED visits were identified for 19% (28 of 145) of patients and 66% (59 of 90) of ED visits for non-initial healthcare. Contributing factors for avoidable ED visits were suboptimal ED discharge instructions to return to the ED for vaccination (n = 20 visits) and patients' inability to coordinate outpatient follow-up (n = 17 visits). Patients with previous avoidable ED visits had a 73% probability for unnecessarily returning to the ED for vaccination. The average number of avoidable ED visits observed per patient was 0.41 (95% CI = 0.25 to 0.56). Since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that 30,000 to 60,000 Americans initiates rabies PEP each year, we estimate that 7500 to 33,600 avoidable ED visits occur for rabies vaccination in the US each year.One of 5 patients who received rabies PEP in the ED had avoidable ED visits for subsequent rabies vaccination. This study highlights systemic lack of coordination following ED discharge and barriers to accessing rabies vaccine.

To evaluate the impact of a quality improvement bundle on opioid discharge prescribing following thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.This before-and-after study included patients undergoing thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy at an academic medical center. The quality improvement bundle included a patient education flyer, electronic health record order sets with multimodal analgesia regimens, and provider education. The preimplementation cohort included patients treated from January 2018 to December 2019. The postimplementation cohort included patients treated from June 2021 to August 2021. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who received new opioid discharge prescriptions.A total of 160 patients were included in the preimplementation cohort, and the first 80 patients treated after bundle implementation were included in the postimplementation cohort. Patients receiving new opioid discharge prescriptions decreased from 80% (128/160) in the preimplementation cohort to 35% (28/80) in the postimplementation cohort with an unadjusted absolute reduction of 45% (95% CI, 33%-57%;Implementation of a pain management quality improvement bundle reduced opioid discharge prescribing following thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.Unnecessary opioid prescriptions generate unused opioids in patients' homes that can lead to opioid misuse. We believe that this bundle reduced the risk for opioid misuse in our community.The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04955444) before implementation.

Structural snow fences are known as a cost-effective way to enhance road safety on highways, which, however, are only used during winter, making them “useless” during summer. To increase their cost-effectiveness, Photovoltaics Snow Fences (PVSF) were developed by integrating PV panels with conventional structural snow fences. As part of the feasibility study supported by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT), a financial analysis was performed involving many parameters, such as the capital and operating costs of the PVSF system, installation orientation of the panels, discount rates, energy selling prices, availability of incentives, ownership of the PV system, etc. The effects of these parameters on the analysis results were evaluated, where critical (most sensitive) parameters were first identified, and then their quantitative effects on the analysis results were evaluated in terms of Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results indicate that the real discount rate is the most sensitive parameter in determining the cost-effectiveness of a PVSF project in Minnesota by looking at its NPV, when the benefits, such as Federal Tax Credits, Renewable Energy Certificates, and those associated with the use of snow fences, are considered in the financial analysis. The cost of the PVSF system is the most sensitive parameter for IRR, depending on the ownership of the PV system (by MnDOT or via a Power Purchase Agreement).

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has a bidirectional relationship with metabolic disorders. The purposes of this review are to decipher the links between OCD and metabolic disorders and to explore the etiological mechanism of OCD in metabolism, which may aid in early identification of and tailored interventions for OCD and metabolic disorders.

This study described characteristics of wounds caused by animal exposures and evaluated patient factors and wound factors associated with wound infiltration of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG).This retrospective cohort study evaluated wound characteristics among patients who had visible wounds and received HRIG or rabies vaccine for rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) at 15 emergency departments from May 2016 to June 2018.Of 110 included patients (9 children, 82 adults, and 19 older adults), 21% (n = 23) had ≥2 wounds, and 10% (n = 11) had infected wounds. Twenty-eight (25%) patients had severe wounds, defined as receiving sutures (n = 20) or reaching subcutaneous tissue or bone (n = 20). Wounds were present on upper extremities for 42% (n = 46) of patients, lower extremities for 35% (n = 38), head/face for 3% (n = 3), and in multiple locations for 21% (n = 23). Wounds were3 cm in length for 64% (n = 70) of patients. Puncture wounds were present in 60% (n = 66) of patients, abrasions in 45% (n = 49), and lacerations in 38% (n = 42). Among 108 wounds from 82 patients with documented HRIG administration sites, 57% (n = 62) of wounds received HRIG infiltration. Infiltration occurred less frequently for wounds on the face/head/torso (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01 to 0.49), wounds on hands/fingers (aOR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.65), and abrasion-only wounds (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.80) after adjusting for age.Upon presentation for rabies PEP, most patients did not have severe wounds and did not require emergency services or complex wound management. Wounds on the face, head, torso, hands, or fingers and abrasions were less likely to receive HRIG infiltration.

The prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are necessary to improve patient quality of life and to reduce the burden of medical and other social problems. Reducing the impact of CVD through environmental intervention was hailed as the most economical approach and research into such interventions is becoming key. The purpose of this article is to summarize the research topics and developments in the field of the built environment and CVD between 2000 and 2021 using scientometric analysis. In total, 1304 records retrieved from the Web of Science core database were analyzed using CiteSpace software, and the results were displayed using knowledge mapping. The number of publications and conferences relating to the built environment and CVD showed an upward trend over the study period, with the United States taking the lead. Physical activity and the food environment were used as mediators and entry points to map the relationship between the built environment and CVD. Walkability, residence characteristics, the food environment, and greenness were key research topics. Research shifted over the period to incorporate quantitative analyses of subjective feelings while focusing on decreasing sedentary behavior. Understanding the variability in the built environment is critical to improving the generalizability of the findings presented in the individual studies. Inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary research is conducive to innovation and ensuring the integration of real environmental elements. This study provides an overview and valuable guidance for researchers relating to how the built environment impacts CVD.

Epidemiological studies demonstrate an association between classes of obesity and psychiatric disorders, although little is known about shared genetics and causality of association. Thus, we aimed to investigate shared genetics and causal link between different classes of obesity and psychiatric disorders.We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data range from 9725 to 500,199 sample sizes of European descent, conducted a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait association study to investigate genetic overlap between the classes of obesity and anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and Tourette syndrome. We conducted transcriptome-wide association study analysis (TWAS) to identified variants regulated gene expression in those related disorders. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis to identified major pathways.In the combined analysis, we replicated 211 previously reported loci and discovered 58 novel independent loci that were associated with all three classes of obesity and related psychiatric disorders. Functional analysis revealed that the identified variants regulated gene expression in major tissues belonging to exocrine/endocrine, digestive, circulatory, adipose, digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems, such as DCC, NEGR1, INO80E. Mendelian randomization analyses suggested that there may be a two-way or one-way causal relationship between obesity and psychiatric disorders.This large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis identified shared genetics and potential causal links between classes of obesity and psychiatric disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, anorexia nervosa, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder). Such shared genetics suggests potential new biological functions in common among them.

Fatal human rabies infections can be prevented through appropriate rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Errors in patient selection and administration of human rabies immune globulin in the emergency department (ED) setting were identified in a previous study of rabies PEP administration.To test the a priori hypothesis that implementation of a rabies PEP bundle in the ED would improve full adherence to 6 human rabies immune globulin quality indicators compared with preimplementation controls.This quality improvement study was conducted in 15 EDs in a US multihospital health system. Patients who received human rabies immune globulin or rabies vaccine in the ED from January 2015 to June 2018 were included in the preimplementation control group and from December 2019 to November 2020 were included in the postimplementation intervention group. Data were analyzed in January 2021.The PEP bundle was implemented in December 2019 and consisted of electronic health record enhancements, including clinical decision support, ED staff education, and patient education.Full adherence to 6 human rabies immune globulin quality indicators: patient selection, dose, timing, infiltration into wounds, administration distant from rabies vaccine site, and administration that avoids the buttock.The study included 324 patients; 254 patients were in preimplementation group (mean [SD] age, 39 [21] years; 135 [53%] women) and 70 in the postimplementation group (mean [SD] age, 38 [19] years; 33 [47%] women). Most patients presented to EDs embedded in a community hospital (231 patients [71%]). Full adherence increased from 37% in the preimplementation group to 61% postimplementation (absolute increase, 24%; 95% CI, 11% to 37%; P .001). Adherence improved for quality indicators for infiltration into wounds (137 of 254 patients [54%] to 50 of 70 patients [71%]; P = .009), administration distant from rabies vaccine site (180 of 254 [71%] to 58 of 70 [83%]; P = .04), and administration that avoids the buttock (168 of 254 [66%] to 58 of 70 [83%]; P = .007). No instances of sciatic nerve injury or compartment syndrome were observed.In this quality improvement study, implementation of a rabies PEP bundle was associated with improved patient selection and delivery of human rabies immune globulin in EDs across a multihospital health system. Although the bundle included ED staff education and patient discharge education, the observed improvement was likely driven by clinical decision support from the rabies PEP ED order set. Future research should evaluate implementation of this clinical decision support at other health systems.

e18634 Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the delivery of cancer care and may have impacted the treatment outcomes. This study described the preliminary outcomes in non-metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This retrospective study included adult patients newly diagnosed with non-metastatic BC at two community cancer centers in southeast Texas. Patients diagnosed from 1/2018-10/2018 were included in the control group. Patients diagnosed from 4/2020-1/2021 were included in the COVID-19 group. The key outcomes were progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), breast conserving surgery (BCS) rate, pathological complete response (PCR) rate, and time to treatment initiation (TTI). Results: The study included 74 patients (Table). The proportion of patients with self-detected BC was numerically higher in the COVID-19 group (55%) compared to the control group (36%), although this was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). The median follow-up periods were 38 (IQR: 36-43) months in the control group and 15 (IQR: 13-17) months in the COVID-19 group. No significant difference was observed in PFS (P = 0.74), with 1-year PFS of 93% (95%CI: 80%-98%) in the control group and 100% in the COVID-19 group. No significant difference was observed in OS (p = 0.22), with 1-year OS of 98% (95%CI 85%-100%) in the control group and 100% in the COVID-19 group. No significant difference was observed in TTI between control (51 days) and COVID-19 groups (52 days) (95%CI: -14 to 13; P = 0.91). Among patients who received neoadjuvant systemic therapy and surgery, BCS rates were 29% (5/17) in the control group and 50% (5/10) in the COVID-19 group (P = 0.42). Among patients who had triple negative or HER2 positive BC and received neoadjuvant systemic therapy and surgery, PCR rates were 57% (4/7) in the control group and 33% (1/3) in the COVID-19 group. Conclusions: Although total patient volume decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, no significant difference was observed in clinical outcomes when comparing patients diagnosed with non-metastatic BC during and prior to the pandemic. Ongoing monitoring with a larger study population and longer follow-up period will help to elucidate the long-term impact of COVID-19 on BC treatment.[Table: see text]

In wireless sensor networks, it is a key challenge to develop a robot mobile deployment mechanism that can effectively find the coverage holes and achieve the full coverage with a minimal number of sensors. The existing robot mobile deployment solutions have some problems that they either have more cost or cannot effectively find coverage holes, which seriously affects the monitoring efficiency and quality of the entire network. In order to handle this problem, this paper proposes an Up-Down patrol compensation (UDPC) mechanism, which can effectively find coverage holes. The UDPC mechanism optimizes traditional mobile deployment algorithms by combining with them. Experiments verify that the proposed UDPC mechanism can achieve better performance. The existing deployment schemes can have a great improvement in the coverage of the monitoring area through the effective combination with the UDPC mechanism.

Drug resistance and dose-limiting toxicities are significant barriers for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) plays a major role in drug resistance in MM. Drug delivery with targeted nanoparticles have been shown to improve specificity and efficacy and reduce toxicity. We aim to improve treatments for MM by (1) using nanoparticle delivery to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity; (2) targeting the tumor-associated endothelium for specific delivery of the cargo to the tumor area, and (3) synchronizing the delivery of chemotherapy (bortezomib; BTZ) and BMME-disrupting agents (ROCK inhibitor) to overcome BMME-induced drug resistance. We find that targeting the BMME with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1)-targeted BTZ and ROCK inhibitor-loaded liposomes is more effective than free drugs, non-targeted liposomes, and single-agent controls and reduces severe BTZ-associated side effects. These results support the use of PSGL-1-targeted multi-drug and even non-targeted liposomal BTZ formulations for the enhancement of patient outcome in MM., The tumour microenvironment (TME) has a major role in chemoresistance in multiple myeloma. The authors show that a nanoparticle targeted to TME and loaded with bortezomib (BTZ) and Y27632 is more effective than free drugs, non-targeted and single-agent controls and reduces BTZ-related side effects.

An intrinsic Eu(III) luminescence phenomenon of Eu(III) complex was found under near-infrared light (NIRL) excitation of xenon lamp, and the maximum excitation wavelength is about twice the excitation wavelength of its Stokes fluorescence. The NIRL excitation fluorescence was mainly originated from second order diffracted light (SODL) excitation. The Eu(III) complex was consist of Eu(III), Gd(III), 2-trifluoroacetylacetone (TTA) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Curcumin (Cur) could notably quench the luminescence intensity of the Eu(III) complex. Based on this, a sensitive method for Cur detection was developed. Under optimum conditions, the decrease extent in the fluorescence intensity at 611 nm exhibited a good linear relationship with the Cur concentration in the range of 2.0 × 10−9 mol/L - 6.0 × 10−8 mol/L under 746 nm excitation, the limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) was 5.2 × 10−10 mol/L. While, the linear relationship and the LOD of Stokes fluorescence method (λex/λem = 360/611 nm) were found to be 1.0 × 10−8 mol/L - 6.0 × 10−8 mol/L and 2.6 × 10−9 mol/L, respectively. The former method is superior to the latter one in Cur detection. Both two methods were successfully applied to determine Cur in real samples. The luminescence mechanism of Eu(III) complex under the NIRL excitation and the quenching mechanism of Cur on the Eu(III) fluorescence was also investigated.

Artificial spin-orbit coupling has been successfully implemented in many atomic experiments by so-called Raman addressing, and various interesting phenomena have already been investigated in such spin-orbit-coupled atomic systems. In this paper, we study spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates addressed by spatially localized Raman lasers. The localized Raman coupling effectively generates a spatial inhomogeneous spin-orbit coupling. The ground states of this system are spatially confined into the localization region. We excite Zitterbewegung dynamics by an experimentally realizable quench. By making advantage of Zitterbewegung, we propose to implement an atomic device to control over atoms.

A sensitive fluorescent analytical method for the detection of dopamine (DA) was developed based on surface-enhanced Tb(III)/La(III) co-luminescence using silver nanoflowers (AgNFs). Anisotropic AgNFs show strong surface-enhanced fluorescence effect owing to the abundant sharp tips. Tb(III)/La(III)-DA complexes mainly bind to the sharp tips of AgNFs and thus shorten the distance between the complexes. The shortened distance gives rise to obvious surface-enhanced Tb(III)/La(III) co-luminescence effect. In this work, AgNFs offer many superior properties, such as enhanced intrinsic green fluorescence of Tb(III) (λex/λem = 310/546 nm), increased fluorescence lifetime, and improved energy transfer efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity is linearly correlated with the concentration of DA in the range of 0.80–10 nM (R2 = 0.9970), and the detection limit is 0.34 nM (S/N = 3). The fluorescent nanoprobe was successfully applied to the determination of DA in human serum samples with recoveries ranging from 99.1 to 102.6%.

A nanoprobe was developed for the fluorometric determination of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA). It is based on the synergistic enhancement action of citrate and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the luminescence of Tb(III). AuNPs serve as substrates of surface enhanced fluorescence (SEF). Citrate, in turn, acts as a spacer for the SEF effect, a co-ligand of Tb(III) complex, and a recognizing component for DA. The synergistic action of citrate and AuNPs significantly increases the intrinsic green fluorescence of Tb(III) (best measured at excitation/emission peaks of 300/547 nm). Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity increases linearly in the 3.0 to 200 nM DA concentration ranging (with an R2 value of 0.9959), and the limit of detection (at S/N = 3) is 0.84 nM. The nanoprobe shows good selectivity for DA among other interfering neurotransmitters, some amino acids and ions. The method was applied to the detection of DA in human serum samples where it gave recoveries ranging from 100.5 to 102.9%.