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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict the machining performance of electrical discharge machining of Ti-13Nb-13Zr (TNZ) alloy, a promising biomedical alloy, using artificial neural networks (ANN) models. Design/methodology/approach In the research, three major performance characteristics, i.e. the material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR), were chosen for the study. The input parameters for machining were the voltage, current, pulse-on time and pulse-off time. For the ANN model, a two-layer feedforward network with sigmoid hidden neurons and linear output neurons were chosen. Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm was used to train the neural networks. Findings The optimal ANN structure comprises four neurons in input layer, ten neurons in hidden layer and one neuron in the output layer (4–10-1). In predicting MRR, the 60–20-20 data split provides the lowest MSE (0.0021179) and highest R-value for training (0.99976). On the contrary, the 70–15-15 data split results in the best performance in predicting both TWR and SR. The model achieves the lowest MSE and highest R-value for training in predicting TWR as 1.17E-06 and 0.84488, respectively. Increasing the number of hidden neurons of the network further deteriorates the performance. In predicting SR, the authors find the best MSE and R-value as 0.86748 and 0.94024, respectively. Originality/value This is a novel approach in performance prediction of electrical discharge machining in terms of new workpiece material (TNZ alloys).

Summary Plant-derived natural products have shown beneficial effects in many diseases associated with liver. The present study aimed to appraise the effects of Trichosanthes dioica (TD) peel extract on oxidative stress, inflammation as well as fibrosis exhibited by the ovariectomized rats in which hepatic damage had been induced by the administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The CCl4 administration in the ovariectomized rats elevated the plasma ALT, AST, and ALP level in comparison with the control while TD peel extract showed significant reduction of those activities. Besides, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation also increased in CCl4-treated rats. TD peel extract significantly reduced the oxidative stress marker's concentration and improved the catalase and SOD activities in CCl4-administered ovariectomized rats. These results suggest that TD peel extract is capable of protecting the liver from CCl4induced damage through preventing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, fibrosis and boosting the diminished cellular antioxidant defense.

The main focus of this study was to determine the role of etoricoxib in counterbalancing the oxidative stress, metabolic disturbances, and inflammation in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese rats. To conduct this study, 28 male Wistar rats (weighing 190-210 g) were distributed randomly into four groups: control, control + etoricoxib, HF, and HF + etoricoxib. After 8 weeks of treatment with etoricoxib (200 mg/kg), all the animals were sacrificed followed by the collection of blood and tissue samples in order to perform biochemical tests along with histological staining on hepatic tissues. According to this study, etoricoxib treatment prevented the body weight gain in HF diet-fed rats. Furthermore, rats of HF + etoricoxib group exhibited better blood glucose tolerance than the rats of HF diet-fed group. In addition, etoricoxib also markedly normalized HF diet-mediated rise of hepatic enzyme activity. Etoricoxib treatment lowered the level of oxidative stress indicators significantly with a parallel augmentation of antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, etoricoxib administration helped in preventing inflammatory cell invasion, collagen accumulation, and fibrotic catastrophe in HF diet-fed rats. The findings of the present work are suggestive of the helpful role of etoricoxib in deterring the metabolic syndrome as well as other deleterious pathological changes afflicting the HF diet-fed rats.

In this technological era, computer vision accomplishes superior performance and it introduced to the Convolutional neural network (CNN) which is acquainted for recognize an object. In addition to object detection and classification are considered difficult tasks in computer vision. From the ancient times vehicle is the only communication media to move from one place to another place. In this automation period local vehicles are decreasing day by day. Because these type of vehicles motion are slow. We want to preserve our culture with the help of vehicle-NN model. We presented our own CNN model name Vehicle-NN which will be a convenient effect on the vehicle sector of Bangladesh. We compared our CNN model with other pre-trained models like MobileNet, VGG16, InceptionV3. This proposed model plays an effective role in the future automation vehicle identification sector. Besides we want to hold on to our traditional roots and preserving our local culture. Our work approach is novel for the detection of local vehicles in Bangladesh. In this experiment, we have used 7 classes (Bus, CNG, Leguna, Pickup, Rickshaw, Thelagari, Van). We trained our model with our own dataset and our CNN model acquired accuracy is 96%.

Laser-induced photochemical reduction of aqueous [AuCl4]− is a green synthesis approach requiring no chemical reducing agents or stabilizers; but size control over the resulting gold nanoparticles ...

Red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor) has been reported to possess many benefits and medicinal properties and used as a part of traditional medicine in Ayurveda and Siddha. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Amaranthus tricolor on isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress, fibrosis, and myocardial damage in ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomy surgery was conducted to remove both ovaries from the rats. After recovery, rats were administered with ISO subcutaneously (50 mg/kg) twice a week and were treated with ethanolic extracts of A. tricolor. This investigation showed that the level of oxidative stress markers was significantly increased while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased in ISO administered ovariectomized rats. A. tricolor extract and atenolol treatment prevented the rise of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and advanced protein oxidation product. Moreover, elevated activities of AST, ALT, and CK-MB enzymes were also lowered by both atenolol and A. tricolor treatment. Increased uric acid and creatinine levels were also normalized by atenolol, and A. Tricolor treatment in ISO administered ovariectomized rats. ISO-induced ovariectomized rats also showed massive inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis and iron deposition in heart compared to sham rats. Atenolol and A. tricolor treatment prevented the inflammatory cells infiltration, fibrosis, and iron deposition. These results suggest that A. tricolor treatment may protect against ISO administered myocardial infarction in ovariectomized rats probably by preventing inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. Further research is warranted to examine molecular mechanism of cardioprotective effect of A. tricolor.

Purpose This current study investigated the effect of metformin treatment on hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NADLD) in high fat diet (HFD) fed rats. Method Wistar rats were fed with a HFD or laboratory chow diet for 8 weeks. Metformin was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Body weight, food and water intake were recorded on daily basis. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), biochemical analysis and histological examinations were conducted on plasma and tissue samples. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mRNA expression was analyzed using reverse transcription polymeric chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Metformin treatment for 8 weeks prevented HFD-induced weight gain and decreased fat deposition in HFD fed rats. Biochemical analysis revealed that metformin treatment significantly attenuated nitro-oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced protein oxidation product (APOP), and excessive nitric oxide (NO) levels in the liver of HFD fed rats. Gene expression analysis demonestrated that metformin treatment was associated with an enhanced expression of antioxidant genes such as Nrf-2, HO-1, SOD and catalase in liver of HFD fed rats. Metformin treatment also found to modulate the expression of fat metabolizing and anti-inflammatory genes including PPAR--γ, C/EBP-α, SREBP1c, FAS, AMPK and GLUT-4. Consistent with the biochemical and gene expression data, the histopathological examination unveiled that metformin treatment attenuated inflammatory cells infiltration, steatosis, hepatocyte necrosis, collagen deposition, and fibrosis in the liver of HFD fed rats. Conclusion In conclusion, this study suggests that metformin might be effective in the prevention and treatment of HFD-induced steatosis by reducing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver., Highlights • High fat diet in rats developed glucose intolerance and oxidative stress in liver. • Metformin restored antioxidant genes expression in liver of HFD fed rats. • Metformin also inhibited the inflammatory genes expression and fibrosis in liver. • Moreover, metformin treatment may ameliorate fatty liver in HFD fed rats.

Laser-induced photochemical reduction of aqueous [AuCl

The main objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of yogurt supplementation on fat deposition, oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the liver of rats with high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity. Male Wistar rats were used in this study and were separated into the following four different groups: the control, control + yogurt, high fat and high fat+ yogurt groups. The high fat groups received a HF diet for eight weeks. A 5% yogurt (w/w) supplement was also provided to rats fed the HF diet. Yogurt supplementation prevented glucose intolerance and normalized liver-specific enzyme activities in the HF diet-fed rats. Yogurt supplementation also significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers in the plasma and liver of HF diet-fed rats. Moreover, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and fibrosis in the liver of HF diet-fed rats were also prevented by yogurt supplementation. Furthermore, yogurt supplementation normalized the intestinal lining and brush border in HF diet-fed rats. This study suggests that yogurt supplementation potentially represents an alternative therapy for the prevention of metabolic syndrome in HF diet-fed rats.

Psidium guajavaleaf is reported to contain many bioactive polyphenols which play an important role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Our investigation aimed to study the effect ofPsidium guajavaleaf powder supplementation on obesity and liver status by using experimental rats. To study the effects of guava leaf supplementation in high fat diet induced obesity, rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=7), control (group I), control + guava leaf (group II), HCHF (group III), and HCHF + guava leaf (group IV). At the end of the experimental period (56 days), glucose intolerance, liver enzymes activities, antioxidant enzymes activities, and lipid and cholesterol profiles were evaluated. Our results revealed that guava leaf powder supplementation showed a significant reduction in fat deposition in obese rats. Moreover, liver enzyme functions were increased in high fat diet fed rats compared to the control rats significantly which were further ameliorated by guava leaf powder supplementation in high fat diet fed rats. High fat diet feeding also decreased the antioxidant enzyme functions and increased the lipid peroxidation products compared to the control rats. Guava leaf powder supplementation in high fat diet fed rats reduced the oxidative stress markers and reestablished antioxidant enzyme system in experimental animals. Guava leaf powder supplementation in high fat diet fed rats also showed a relative decrease in inflammatory cells infiltration and collagen deposition in the liver compared to the high fat diet fed rats. The present study suggests that the supplementation of guava leaf powder prevents obesity, improves glucose intolerance, and decreases inflammation and oxidative stress in liver of high carbohydrate high fat diet fed rats.