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8. Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Salmonella from Commercial Poultry as Influenced by Microbiological Culture and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods

Author

Wang, Xi, primary, Chaney, W. Evan, additional, Pavlidis, Hilary O., additional, McGinnis, James P., additional, Byrd, J. Allen, additional, Farnell, Yuhua Z., additional, Johnson, Timothy J., additional, McElroy, Audrey P., additional, and Farnell, Morgan B., additional

Published
2021
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14. Evaluation of the Effects of Pre-Slaughter High-Frequency Electrical Stunning Current Intensities on Lipid Oxidative Stability and Antioxidant Capacity in the Liver of Yangzhou Goose (Anser cygnoides domesticus)

Author

Zhang, Xin, primary, Farnell, Morgan B., additional, Lu, Qian, additional, Zhou, Xiaoyi, additional, Farnell, Yuhua Z., additional, Yang, Haiming, additional, Wan, Xiaoli, additional, Xu, Lei, additional, and Wang, Zhiyue, additional

Published
2020
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21. Evaluation of pre‐slaughter low‐current/high‐frequency electrical stunning on lipid oxidative stability, antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (MAPK/Nrf2) signalling pathway in thigh muscle of broilers

Author

Xu, Lei, primary, Wang, Jing, additional, Yue, Hong‐yuan, additional, Farnell, Morgan B., additional, Yang, Hai‐ming, additional, Wang, Zhi‐yue, additional, and Qi, Guang‐hai, additional

Published
2019
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22. Use of Foaming Disinfectants and Cleaners to Reduce Aerobic Bacteria and Salmonella on Poultry Transport Coops

Author

Hinojosa, Carolee, Caldwell, David, Byrd, James, Droleskey, Robert, Lee, Jason, Stayer, Phil, Resendiz, Erin, Garcia, Javier S., Klein, Stephanie, Caldwell, Denise, Pineda, Megan, Farnell, Morgan, Hinojosa, Carolee, Caldwell, David, Byrd, James, Droleskey, Robert, Lee, Jason, Stayer, Phil, Resendiz, Erin, Garcia, Javier S., Klein, Stephanie, Caldwell, Denise, Pineda, Megan, and Farnell, Morgan

Abstract

Transport coops are infrequently washed and have been demonstrated to cross-contaminate broiler carcasses. We hypothesized that peracetic acid or a chlorinated cleaner, commonly used within poultry processing plants, can also be used to disinfect transport coops when applied via a compressed air foam system (CAFS). A mixture of fresh layer manure and concentrated Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) was evenly applied to the floors of four pre-cleaned transport coops and allowed to dry for thirty minutes. Treatments consisted of a (1) water rinse only, (2) product application with a water rinse, (3) product application followed by power washing and (4) power washing followed by application of product. Each foaming treatment was applied with a compressed air foam system and allowed 10 min of contact time. Samples were aseptically collected from the transport coops prior to and following treatment using a sterile 2 × 2-inch stainless steel template and a gauze swab pre-enriched with buffered peptone water. The chlorinated cleaner significantly (p < 0.05) reduced aerobic bacteria and ST by 3.18 to 4.84 logs across application methods. The peroxyacetic acid (PAA) disinfectant significantly (p < 0.05) reduced aerobic bacteria and ST by 3.99 to 5.17 logs across application methods. These data indicate that a compressed air foam system may be used in combination with a commercially available cleaner or disinfectant to reduce aerobic bacteria and ST on the surfaces of commercial poultry transport coops.

Published
2018
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23. Use of Foaming Disinfectants and Cleaners to Reduce Aerobic Bacteria and Salmonella on Poultry Transport Coops

Author

Animal and Poultry Sciences, Hinojosa, Carolee, Caldwell, David, Byrd, James, Droleskey, Robert, Lee, Jason, Stayer, Phil, Resendiz, Erin, Garcia, Javier S., Klein, Stephanie, Caldwell, Denise, Pineda, Megan, Farnell, Morgan, Animal and Poultry Sciences, Hinojosa, Carolee, Caldwell, David, Byrd, James, Droleskey, Robert, Lee, Jason, Stayer, Phil, Resendiz, Erin, Garcia, Javier S., Klein, Stephanie, Caldwell, Denise, Pineda, Megan, and Farnell, Morgan

Abstract

Transport coops are infrequently washed and have been demonstrated to cross-contaminate broiler carcasses. We hypothesized that peracetic acid or a chlorinated cleaner, commonly used within poultry processing plants, can also be used to disinfect transport coops when applied via a compressed air foam system (CAFS). A mixture of fresh layer manure and concentrated Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) was evenly applied to the floors of four pre-cleaned transport coops and allowed to dry for thirty minutes. Treatments consisted of a (1) water rinse only, (2) product application with a water rinse, (3) product application followed by power washing and (4) power washing followed by application of product. Each foaming treatment was applied with a compressed air foam system and allowed 10 min of contact time. Samples were aseptically collected from the transport coops prior to and following treatment using a sterile 2 × 2-inch stainless steel template and a gauze swab pre-enriched with buffered peptone water. The chlorinated cleaner significantly (p < 0.05) reduced aerobic bacteria and ST by 3.18 to 4.84 logs across application methods. The peroxyacetic acid (PAA) disinfectant significantly (p < 0.05) reduced aerobic bacteria and ST by 3.99 to 5.17 logs across application methods. These data indicate that a compressed air foam system may be used in combination with a commercially available cleaner or disinfectant to reduce aerobic bacteria and ST on the surfaces of commercial poultry transport coops.

Published
2018

24. Evaluation of pre‐slaughter low‐current/high‐frequency electrical stunning on lipid oxidative stability, antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (MAPK/Nrf2) signalling pathway in thigh muscle of broilers

Author

Xu, Lei, Wang, Jing, Yue, Hong‐yuan, Farnell, Morgan B., Yang, Hai‐ming, Wang, Zhi‐yue, and Qi, Guang‐hai

Subjects
GENE expression, MITOGEN-activated protein kinases, PROTEIN expression, PROTHROMBIN, LIPIDS, ENZYMES, LUTEINIZING hormone receptors, MITOGEN-activated protein kinase phosphatases
Abstract

Summary: This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of pre‐slaughter low‐current/high‐frequency (LH) electrical stunning (ES) on lipid oxidative stability, antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (MAPK/Nrf2) signalling pathway in thigh muscle of broilers. Eighteen birds were randomly allocated to the following three treatments with six replicates per treatment and one bird per replicate: without stunning (control); water‐bath ES with sinusoidal alternating LH (86 mA, 1000 Hz, LHES) or high current/low frequency (HL) (130 mA, 60 Hz, HLES). Stunning methods did not affect malondialdehyde level (d 0 ~ d 9) or antioxidant enzymes' activity at d 0 ~ d 2. LHES enhanced glutathione S‐transferase activity at d 3 and gene expression of MAPKs and Nrf2 compared with HLES. In conclusion, LHES enhanced gene expression of MAPK/Nrf2 pathway, whereas had no superiority over HLES in lipid oxidative stability (4 °C, 9 days) of thigh muscle in broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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25. Use of Foaming Disinfectants and Cleaners to Reduce Aerobic Bacteria and Salmonella on Poultry Transport Coops

Author

Hinojosa, Carolee, primary, Caldwell, David, additional, Byrd, James, additional, Droleskey, Robert, additional, Lee, Jason, additional, Stayer, Phil, additional, Resendiz, Erin, additional, Garcia, Javier, additional, Klein, Stephanie, additional, Caldwell, Denise, additional, Pineda, Megan, additional, and Farnell, Morgan, additional

Published
2018
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28. Depopulation of Caged Layer Hens with a Compressed Air Foam System

Author

Gurung, Shailesh, primary, Hoffman, John, additional, Stringfellow, Kendre, additional, Abi-Ghanem, Daad, additional, Zhao, Dan, additional, Caldwell, David, additional, Lee, Jason, additional, Styles, Darrel, additional, Berghman, Luc, additional, Byrd, James, additional, Farnell, Yuhua, additional, Archer, Gregory, additional, and Farnell, Morgan, additional

Published
2018
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35. From crypts to enteroids: establishment and characterization of avian intestinal organoids

Author

Zhao, Dan, Farnell, Morgan B., Kogut, Michael H., Genovese, Kenneth J., Chapkin, Robert S., Davidson, Laurie A., Berghman, Luc R., and Farnell, Yuhua Z.

Abstract

Intestinal organoids (IO), known as “mini-guts”, derived from intestinal crypts, are self-organizing three-dimensional (3D) multicellular ex vivo models that recapitulate intestine epithelial structure and function and have been widely used for studying intestinal physiology, pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions, and intestinal disease in mammals. However, studies on avian IO are limited and the development of long-term cultures of IO model for poultry research is lacking. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to generate crypt-derived organoids from chicken intestines and to optimize conditions for cell growth and enrichments, passages, and cryopreservation. Crypts were collected from the small intestines of birds at embryonic d-19 and ceca from layer and broiler chickens with ages ranging from d 1 to 20 wk, embedded in a basement membrane matrix, and cultured with organoid growth media (OGM) prepared in house. The crypt-derived organoids were successfully grown and propagated to form 3D spheres like structures that were cultured for up to 3 wk. Organoids were formed on d one, budding appeared on d 3, and robust budding was observed on d 7 and beyond. For cryopreservation, dissociated organoids were resuspended in a freezing medium. The characteristics of IO upon extended passages and freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, immunoblotting, and live cell imaging. Immunoblotting and RT-PCR using E-cadherin (the marker for epithelial cells), leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5, the marker for stem cells), chromogranin A (the marker for enteroendocrine cells), lysozyme (the marker for Paneth cells), and mucin (the biomarker for goblet cells) confirmed that IO were composed of heterogeneous cell populations, including epithelial cells, stem cells, enteroendocrine cells, Paneth cells, and goblet cells. Furthermore, OGM supplemented with both valproic acid and CHIR99021, a glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor and a histone deacetylase inhibitor, increased the size of the avian IO (P< 0.001). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report for establishing long-term, organoid culture models from small intestines and ceca of layer and broiler chickens. This model will facilitate elucidation of the mechanisms impacting host-pathogen interactions, eventually leading to the discovery of pathogen intervention strategies in poultry.

Published
2021
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36. Effects of Incubation Temperature and Transportation Stress on Yolk Utilization, Small Intestine Development, and Post-Hatch Performance of High-Yield Broiler Chicks

Author

Barri, Adriana, Animal and Poultry Sciences, McElroy, Audrey P., Caldwell, David J., Farnell, Morgan, Pierson, Frank William, Webb, Kenneth E. Jr., and Wong, Eric A.

Subjects
transportation, stress, animal structures, embryonic structures, incubation, broiler, development
Abstract

Growth and performance parameters of broiler chicks depend on adequate development of the small intestine. Stressors such as elevated or decreased temperatures during incubation and post-hatch transportation may have an effect on the gastrointestinal development of the broiler chick. The objective of the first study was to investigate the effects of elevated embryonic incubation temperature (IT) on post-hatch relative nutrient transporter gene expression, integrity of the intestinal epithelium, organ development, and performance in Ross 308 broiler chickens. Nine hundred fertile eggs were incubated at different egg-shell temperatures during development. Body weights and performance parameters were measured at day of hatch (DOH), d 7, 14, 21, 30, and 42. Small intestine and residual yolk were collected at DOH, d 2, 4, 6, and 10 and weighed individually. The small intestine was evaluated for mucosal morphology measurements and relative nutrient transporter (SGLT1, GLUT2, GLUT5, EAAT3, and PepT1) gene expression. The objective of the second study was to evaluate the effects of embryonic incubation, simulating a multi-stage incubation system, and post-hatch transportation temperatures on post-hatch performance, yolk free body weights, relative nutrient transporter gene expression, yolk utilization, intestinal morphology, and organ development of broiler chickens. Cobb 500 eggs (n=5200) were incubated with egg-shell temperatures, which were combined depending on the early and late development incubation periods as found in multi-stage incubators: Low (L): 36.7°C, Standard (S): 37.5°C, and High (H): 39°C. After hatch, chicks were further separated into 2 transportation groups: control (C; 34°C), and heat-stressed (D; 40°C). The eight resulting experimental groups were: LS-C, SS-C, LH-C, SH-C, LS-D, SS-D, LH-D, and SH-D. Three and two way interactions (P

Published
2008

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