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Background. The aim of this review was to determine the current clinical applications of intraoral scanners IOS and its limitations. Materials and Methods. The literature search was carried out using electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase and Science Direct. Both observational studies like case-control, comparative, prospective, retrospective, cohort, case reports, and experimental studies like randomized control trials and cross over trials were selected for this review. The keywords used based on a search strategy: intraoral scanners, optical impressions, digital impressions, and intraoral scanning systems. Results. 59 articles out of which only 54 articles were selected in this narrative review and 5 articles were removed as these studies did not match the selection criteria and the journal articles which were published over a period of 10-years from Jan 2011 to Jan 2021 were included. Conclusion. IOS system is less time consuming when compared with other conventional methods of impression making. In terms of patient benefits, it reduces pain and discomfort. Ease of communicating with patients and educate them by providing video presentations before delivering any appliance or prostheses. Advanced technology is reshaping the future of digital dentistry, not only in orthodontics but also in other fields of dentistry as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the factors involved in the color stability and degradation of Maxillo-Facial Prosthetic Silicone Elastomer (MFPSE). Further exploration was done to analyze past literature discussing the potential benefits to color stability when nano-particles were combined with pigmented MFPSE. Method: The search for the articles was done according to PRISMA guidelines. Articles were searched from "Scopus" and "Web of Sciences" from the year 1970 to 2019. Searches were carried out by two reviewers until November 2019. Articles for systematic review were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. Information regarding weathering conditions, pigments and filler-particle inclusion were extracted as appropriate. Further screening was done for meta-analyze case-control studies of red, blue and yellow pigments according to predefined scoring criteria. Meta-analysis was conducted on case-control studies that incorporated 5%,10% and 15% TiO2 in MFPSE with the said pigments and was carried out using Cochrane Review Manager 5.3. Results: 30 studies were selected for systematic review and 6 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. The most prominent influencers of color stability were nano-fillers and the type of color used in the mixing. Furthermore, experimental conditions, weathering, color of investment plaster and the method of color detection all affected the degree of degradation. There was an overall significant difference found when TiO2 was incorporated with the pigmented silicone. There is significant difference when 10% (P = 0.0004) TiO2 is incorporated with the red pigment, 5% (P = 0.03) TiO2 with the yellow and 10% (P < 0.0001) and 15% (P = 0.02) TiO2 with the blue pigment. Conclusion: Type of pigment and nano-filler incorporated into the silicone play a role in influencing color stability. Incorporation of 10% TiO2 with red pigment,5% with yellow pigment and 10% or 15% TiO2 with blue pigment provided some protection to the silicone elastomer from color degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Mesh optimization reduces the texture quality of 3D models in order to reduce storage file size and computational load on a personal computer. This study aims to explore mesh optimization using open source (free) software in the context of prosthodontic application. Materials and Methods: An auricular prosthesis, a complete denture, and anterior and posterior crowns were constructed using conventional methods and laser scanned to create computerized 3D meshes. The meshes were optimized independently by four computer‐aided design software (Meshmixer, Meshlab, Blender, and SculptGL) to 100%, 90%, 75%, 50%, and 25% levels of original file size. Upon optimization, the following parameters were virtually evaluated and compared; mesh vertices, file size, mesh surface area (SA), mesh volume (V), interpoint discrepancies (geometric similarity based on virtual point overlapping), and spatial similarity (volumetric similarity based on shape overlapping). The influence of software and optimization on surface area and volume of each prosthesis was evaluated independently using multiple linear regression. Results: There were clear observable differences in vertices, file size, surface area, and volume. The choice of software significantly influenced the overall virtual parameters of auricular prosthesis [SA: F(4,15) = 12.93, R2 = 0.67, p < 0.001. V: F(4,15) = 9.33, R2 = 0.64, p < 0.001] and complete denture [SA: F(4,15) = 10.81, R2 = 0.67, p < 0.001. V: F(4,15) = 3.50, R2 = 0.34, p = 0.030] across optimization levels. Interpoint discrepancies were however limited to <0.1mm and volumetric similarity was >97%. Conclusion: Open‐source mesh optimization of smaller dental prostheses in this study produced minimal loss of geometric and volumetric details. SculptGL models were most influenced by the amount of optimization performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The virtual cone beam computed tomography–derived 3-dimensional model was compared with the scanned conventional model used in the fabrication of a palatal obturator for a patient with a large palatal defect. Design: A digitally derived 3-dimensional maxillary model incorporating the palatal defect was generated from the patient's existing cone beam computerized tomography data and compared with the scanned cast from the conventional impression for linear dimensions, area, and volume. The digitally derived cast was 3-dimensionally printed and the obturator fabricated using traditional techniques. Similarly, an obturator was fabricated from the conventional cast and the fit of both final obturator bulbs were compared in vivo. Results: The digitally derived model produced more accurate volumes and surface areas within the defect. The defect margins and peripheries were overestimated which was reflected clinically. Conclusion: The digitally derived model provided advantages in the fabrication of the palatal obturator; however, further clinical research is required to refine consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:This case report describes the rehabilitation process of a case of acquired eye defect with patient specific or custom made ocular prosthesis for a patient who had her left eye surgically enucleated as a treatment step for retinoblastoma. Method: After primary evaluations, an intraorbital impression was taken while reproducing natural eye movements to ensure accuracy of the impression. The impression was cast and a transparent acrylic conformer was made from the mould in the cast. The conformer was adjusted as required and Iris position determined. The conformer was then used to cast the final custom ocular prosthesis. The patient was then instructed on its usage and maintenance. Result: A custom made ocular prosthesis was provided to the patient and it was to her satisfaction. Conclusion: Custom made ocular prosthesis is highly recommended in rehabilitation of facial defects of a co-operative patient as it does not have most of the limitations which a stock ocular prosthesis does. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: For making denture in maxillectomy cases is very difficult and challenging to get the retention to make the denture stable in its position during functioning. This case report describes a clinical condition in which patient was treated with a maxillary obturator with zygomatic suspension wiring due to insufficient retention in the palate. Materials and Methods: A 63-year-old patient had gone to a subtotal maxillectomy because following myofibroblastic sarcoma andwas issued with bilateral circum-zygomatic wiring hooks immediately after surgery. The patient had less than a third of their alveolar ridge remaining and did not provide sufficient retention on its own. The wires were used for the retention because natural retention could not get due to inadequate maxillary ridge. While the denture was being fabricated, a temporary feeding plate was provisioned to the patient. Counter hooks were implemented on the definitive upper denture, posterior to molars, to attach to the zygomatic suspension hook. Final upper denture was further reinforced with denture adhesive on it. A lower denture was also fabricated for the said case following conventional protocols of jaw relation determination. Results: The obturator provided with adequate seal and leak proof phonetics. The zygomatic wiring coupled with denture adhesive were sufficient to provide adequate retention. Conclusion: Zygomatic suspension wires coupled with counter hooked obturator prosthesis provide rehabilitation of patients with palatal defects with inadequate maxillary arch for retention.However long-term repeated use of such wires might expose the patient to secondary infections and should be kept in consideration Clinical Significance: Circum-zygomatic suspension wiring provide sufficient retention to sustain the upper obturator prosthesis in place. However, the retention was still inadequate, so denture adhesives were used to make it more stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]