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3. Upscaling miscanthus production in the United Kingdom: the benefits, challenges, and trade‐offs

Author

Hodgson, E.M., McCalmont, J., Rowe, R., Whitaker, J., Holder, A., Clifton‐Brown, J.C., Thornton, J., Hastings, A., Robson, P.R.H., Webster, R.J., Farrar, K., Donnison, I.S., Hodgson, E.M., McCalmont, J., Rowe, R., Whitaker, J., Holder, A., Clifton‐Brown, J.C., Thornton, J., Hastings, A., Robson, P.R.H., Webster, R.J., Farrar, K., and Donnison, I.S.

Abstract

The UK sixth carbon budget has recommended domestic biomass supply should increase to meet growing demand, planting a minimum of 30,000 hectares of perennial energy crops a year by 2035, with a view to establishing 700,000 hectares by 2050 to meet the requirements of the balanced net zero pathway. Miscanthus is a key biomass crop to scale up domestic biomass production in the United Kingdom. A cohesive land management strategy, based on robust evidence, will be required to ensure upscaling of miscanthus cultivation maximizes the environmental and economic benefits and minimizes undesirable consequences. This review examines research into available land areas, environmental impacts, barriers to uptake, and the challenges, benefits, and trade-offs required to upscale miscanthus production on arable land and grassland in the United Kingdom. Expansion of perennial biomass crops has been considered best restricted to marginal land, less suited to food production. The review identifies a trade-off between avoiding competition with food production and a risk of encroaching on areas containing high-biodiversity or high-carbon stocks, such as semi-natural grasslands. If areas of land suitable for food production are needed to produce the biomass required for emission reduction, the review indicates there are multiple strategies for miscanthus to complement long-term food security rather than compete with it. On arable land, a miscanthus rotation with a cycle length of 10–20 years can be employed as fallow period for fields experiencing yield decline, soil fatigue, or persistent weed problems. On improved grassland areas, miscanthus presents an option for diversification, flood mitigation, and water quality improvement. Strategies need to be developed to integrate miscanthus into farming systems in a way that is profitable, sensitive to local demand, climate, and geography, and complements rather than competes with food production by increasing overall farm profitability and

Published
2024

4. Upscaling miscanthus production in the United Kingdom: The benefits, challenges, and trade‐offs.

Author

Hodgson, E. M., McCalmont, J., Rowe, R., Whitaker, J., Holder, A., Clifton‐Brown, J. C., Thornton, J., Hastings, A., Robson, P. R. H., Webster, R. J., Farrar, K., and Donnison, I. S.

Subjects
ARABLE land, FARMS, AGRICULTURE, BIOMASS production, MISCANTHUS, ENERGY crops
Abstract

The UK sixth carbon budget has recommended domestic biomass supply should increase to meet growing demand, planting a minimum of 30,000 hectares of perennial energy crops a year by 2035, with a view to establishing 700,000 hectares by 2050 to meet the requirements of the balanced net zero pathway. Miscanthus is a key biomass crop to scale up domestic biomass production in the United Kingdom. A cohesive land management strategy, based on robust evidence, will be required to ensure upscaling of miscanthus cultivation maximizes the environmental and economic benefits and minimizes undesirable consequences. This review examines research into available land areas, environmental impacts, barriers to uptake, and the challenges, benefits, and trade‐offs required to upscale miscanthus production on arable land and grassland in the United Kingdom. Expansion of perennial biomass crops has been considered best restricted to marginal land, less suited to food production. The review identifies a trade‐off between avoiding competition with food production and a risk of encroaching on areas containing high‐biodiversity or high‐carbon stocks, such as semi‐natural grasslands. If areas of land suitable for food production are needed to produce the biomass required for emission reduction, the review indicates there are multiple strategies for miscanthus to complement long‐term food security rather than compete with it. On arable land, a miscanthus rotation with a cycle length of 10–20 years can be employed as fallow period for fields experiencing yield decline, soil fatigue, or persistent weed problems. On improved grassland areas, miscanthus presents an option for diversification, flood mitigation, and water quality improvement. Strategies need to be developed to integrate miscanthus into farming systems in a way that is profitable, sensitive to local demand, climate, and geography, and complements rather than competes with food production by increasing overall farm profitability and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. The role of contact in the explanation of syntactic change

Author

Farrar, K. J.

Subjects
410
Abstract

In the past, contact with other languages has rarely been adduced as an explanation for syntactic change. In my dissertation, I discuss the reasons for this bias against language contact, whether it can be justified and the implications of a change in approach to the role of contact in explanation. The bias against contact is perpetuated for two mains reasons. One is the lack of an appropriate model for explanation in historical linguistics which would allow principled reference to both internal and external motivating factors. The shortcomings of previously suggested models are discussed, and a more suitable alternative, the 'Invisible Hand' Model, is proposed. The second major reason for the rejection of contact is an unfortunate emphasis in contact linguistics itself. Researchers have started from the premise that syntactic borrowing is an extremely rare phenomenon, and therefore attention has been focused on identifying constraints on such contact-induced change. Many of the constraints that have been proposed can be shown to be not only contradicted by counterexamples of changes in the world's languages, but also theoretically unsound. The implications of altering our approach to explanation and the role of contact as an explanatory factor is discussed with reference to two case studies: the change to consistent subject-verb-object order in Medieval English, and the change to verb-second order in Modern German subordinate clauses. In both cases contact-based explanations are proposed and can be seen to be equally as plausible as the suggested internal accounts. It seems, therefore, that historical linguists are faced with an impossible decision, as to whether to accept the internal or external explanations offered.

Published
1996

8. Species selection determines carbon allocation and turnover in Miscanthus crops: Implications for biomass production and C sequestration

Author

Iglesias Briones, Maria Jesus, Massey, A., Elias, D.M.O., McCalmont, J.P., Farrar, K., Donnison, I., and McNamara, N.P.

Subjects
2401.17 Invertebrados, Environmental Engineering, 2401.06 Ecología Animal, 2511.02 Biología de Suelos, Environmental Chemistry, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract

Growing Miscanthus species and hybrids has received strong scientific and commercial support, with the majority of the carbon (C) modelling predictions having focused on the high-yield, sterile and noninvasive hybrid Miscanthus × giganteus. However, the potential of other species with contrasting phenotypic and physiological traits has been seldom explored. To better understand the mechanisms underlying C allocation dynamics in these bioenergy crops, we pulse-labelled (13CO2) intact plant-soil systems of Miscanthus × giganteus (GIG), Miscanthus sinensis (SIN) and Miscanthus lutarioriparius (LUT) and regularly analysed soil respiration, leaves, stems, rhizomes, roots and soils for up to 190 days until leaf senescence. A rapid isotopic enrichment of all three species was observed after 4 h, with the amount of 13C fixed into plant biomass being inversely related to their respective standing biomass prior to pulse-labelling (i.e., GIG < SIN < LUT). However, both GIG and LUT allocated more photoassimilates in the aboveground biomass (leaves+stems = 78 % and 74 %, respectively) than SIN, which transferred 30% of fixed 13C in its belowground biomass (rhizomes+roots). Although less fixed 13C was recovered from the soils (

Published
2023
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10. State of the World’s Plants and Fungi

Author

Antonelli, A., Smith, R. J., Fry, C., Simmonds, Monique S. J., Kersey, Paul J., Pritchard, H. W., Abbo, M. S., Acedo, C., Adams, J., Ainsworth A.M., Allkin B., Annecke W, Bachman S P, Bacon, K., Bárrios, S., Barstow, C., Battison, A., Bell, E., Bensusan, K., Bidartondo, M. I., Blackhall-Miles, R. J., Borrell, J. S., Brearley, F. Q., Breman, E., Brewer, R. F. A., Brodie, J., Cámara-Leret, R., Campostrini Forzza, R., Cannon, P., Carine, M., Carretero, J., Cavagnaro, T. R., E Cazar, M., Chapman, T., Cheek, M., Clubbe, C., Cockel, C., Collemare, J., Cooper, A., Copeland, A. I., Corcoran, M., Couch, C., Cowell, C., Crous, P., Da Silva, M., Dalle, G., Das, D., David, J. C., Davies, L., Davies, N., Canha, M. N., Lirio, E. J., Demissew, S., Diazgranados, M., Dickie, J., Dines, T., Douglas, B., Dröge, G., Dulloo, M. E., Fang, R., Farlow, A., Farrar, K., Fay, M. F., Felix, J., Forest, F., Forrest, L. L., Fulcher, T., Gafforov, Y., Gardiner, L. M., Gâteblé, G., Gaya, E., Benoit Geslin, Gonçalves, S. C., Gore, C. J. N., Govaerts, R., Gowda, B., Grace, O. M., Grall, A., Haelewaters, D., Halley, J. M., Hamilton, M. A., Hazra, A., Heller, T., Hollingsworth, P. M., Holstein, N., Howes, M. -J R., Hughes, M., Hunter, D., Hutchinson, N., Hyde, K., Iganci, J., Jones, M., Kelly, L. J., Kirk, P., Koch, H., Krisai-Greilhuber, I., Lall, N., Langat, M. K., Leaman, D. J., Leão, T. C., Lee, M. A., Leitch, I. J., Leon, C., Lettice, E., Lewis, G. P., Li, L., Lindon, H., Liu, J. S., Liu, U., Llewellyn, T., Looney, B., Lovett, J. C., Łukasz Łuczaj, Lulekal, E., Maggassouba, S., Valéry Malécot, Martin, C., Masera, O. R., Mattana, E., Maxted, N., Mba, C., Mcginn, K. J., Metheringham, C., Miles, S., Miller, J., Milliken, W., Moat, J., Moore, P. G. P., Morim, M. P., Mueller, G. M., Muminjanov, H., Negrão, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Nicolson, N., Niskanen, T., Nono Womdim, R., Noorani, A., Obreza, M., O’donnell, K., O’hanlon, R., M Onana, J., Ondo, I., Padulosi, S., Paton, A., Pearce, T., Pérez Escobar, O. A., Pieroni, A., Pironon, S., Prescott, T. A. K., Qi, Y. D., Qin, H., Quave, C. L., Rajaovelona, L., Razanajatovo, H., Reich, P. B., Rianawati, E., Rich, T. C. G., Richards, S. L., Rivers, M. C., Ross, A., Rumsey, F., Ryan, M., Ryan, P., Sagala, S., Sanchez, M. D., Sharrock, S., Shrestha, K. K., Sim, J., Sirakaya, A., Sjöman, H., Smidt, E. C., Smith, D., Smith, P., Smith, S. R., Sofo, A., Spence, N., Stanworth, A., Stara, K., Stevenson, P. C., Stroh, P., Suz, L. M., Tambam, B. B., Tatsis, E. C., Taylor, I., Thiers, B., Thormann, I., Trivedi, C., Twilley, D., Twyford, A. D., Ulian, T., Utteridge, T., Vaglica, V., Vásquez-Londoño, C., Victor, J., Viruel, J., Walker, B. E., Walker, K., Walsh, A., Way, M., Wilbraham, J., Wilkin, P., Wilkinson, T., Williams, C., Winterton, D., Wong, K. M., Woodfield-Pascoe, N., Woodman, J., Wyatt, L., Wynberg, R., Zhang, B. G., Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew), and Sfumato Foundation

Subjects
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

11. Economic Studies Reinforce Efforts to Safeguard Specialty Crops in the United States

Author

Fuchs, M., primary, Almeyda, C. V., additional, Al Rwahnih, M., additional, Atallah, S. S., additional, Cieniewicz, E. J., additional, Farrar, K., additional, Foote, W. R., additional, Golino, D. A., additional, Gómez, M. I., additional, Harper, S. J., additional, Kelly, M. K., additional, Martin, R. R., additional, Martinson, T., additional, Osman, F. M., additional, Park, K., additional, Scharlau, V., additional, Smith, R., additional, Tzanetakis, I. E., additional, Vidalakis, G., additional, and Welliver, R., additional

Published
2021
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16. OPTIMISC - Developing Miscanthus Production Systems for Marginal Lands

Author

Lewandowski, I., Kalinina, O., Kiesel, A., Clifton-Brown, J., Farrar, K., Donnison, I., Huxley, L., Nunn, C., Trindade, L., Dolstra, O., Van Der Weijde, T., Van Der Linden, G., Chen, C.-L., Roland-Ruiz, I., Muylle, H., Lootens, P., Fonteyne, S., Harding, G., Mos, M., Schwarz, K.U., Meyer, H., Muller-Samann, K., Xi, Q., Özgüven, M., Khokhlov, N., Tarakanov, I., and Schüle, H.

Subjects
food and beverages, Biomass
Abstract

Land can be characterized marginal either under economic or biophysical limitations. In the EU project OPTIMISC (Optimizing Miscanthus Biomass Production) miscanthus production systems for biophysically marginal production conditions, such as water limitations, chilling temperatures, frost and salinity are developed by screening elite germplasm under controlled conditions and trialling it over a range of sites across central Europe, Ukraine, Russia and China, analysing the key traits that currently limit the potential of Miscanthus. To reduce the risks and costs of growing Miscanthus under marginal site conditions specific establishment methods and harvest and logistic systems were developed. By the application of life cycle assessments (LCA) and cost analyses miscanthus-based value chains with the highest income and area-related GHG saving for different site conditions were identified. Compared to other crops, miscanthus-based value chains can be economically feasible under marginal site conditions because miscanthus benefits from the perennial growth and the availability of stress-tolerant genotypes., Proceedings of the 23rd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 1-4 June 2015, Vienna, Austria, pp. 6-8

Published
2015
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17. Water pollution in river basins

Author

Bärlund, Ilona, da Costa, M.P., Modak, P., Mensah, A.M., Gordon, C., Babel, M.S., Kamphaengthong, P.L., Dickens, C., Jomaa, Seifeddine, Benabdallah, S., Riahi, K., Ollesch, G., Swaney, D., Limburg, K., Farrar, K., Alcamo, J., Bärlund, Ilona, da Costa, M.P., Modak, P., Mensah, A.M., Gordon, C., Babel, M.S., Kamphaengthong, P.L., Dickens, C., Jomaa, Seifeddine, Benabdallah, S., Riahi, K., Ollesch, G., Swaney, D., Limburg, K., Farrar, K., and Alcamo, J.

Published
2016

18. The rapid atmospheric monitoring system of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Abreu, P., Aglietta, M, Ahlers, M., Ahn, M., Albuquerque, E. J., Allard, I. F. M., Allekotte, D., Allen, I., Allison, J., Almela, P., Castillo, A., Alvarez Muniz, J. A., Batista, J., Ambrosio, R. A., Aminaei, M., Anchordoqui, A., Andringa, L., Antici'C, S., Aramo, T., Arganda, C., Arqueros, E., Asorey, F., Assis, H., Aublin, P., Ave, J., Avenier, M., Avila, M., Badescu, G., Balzer, A. M., Barber, M., Barbosa, K. B., Bardenet, A. F., Barroso, R., Baughman, S. L. C., Bauml, B., Baus, J., Beatty, C., Becker, J. J., Belletoile, K. H., Bellido, A., Benzvi, J. A., Berat, S., Bertou, C., Biermann, X., Billoir, P. L., Blanco, P., Blanco, F., Bleve, M., Blumer, C., Bohacova, H., Boncioli, M., Bonifazi, D., Bonino, C., Borodai, R., Brack, N., Brancus, J., Brogueira, I., Brown, P., Bruijn, W. C., Buchholz, R., Bueno, P., Buroker, A., Burton, L., Caballero Mora, R. E., Caccianiga, K. S., Caramete, B., Caruso, L., Castellina, R., Catalano, A., Cataldi, O., Cazon, G., Cester, L., Chauvin, R., Cheng, J., Chiavassa, S. H., Chinellato, A., Diaz, J. A., Chudoba, J. C., Cilmo, J., Clay, M., Cocciolo, R. W., Collica, G., Coluccia, L., Conceicao, M. R., Contreras, R., Cook, F., Cooper, H., Coppens, M. J., Cordier, J., Coutu, A., Covault, S., Creusot, C. E., Criss, A., Cronin, A., Curutiu, J., Dagoret Campagne, A., Dallier, S., Daniel, R., Dasso, B., Daumiller, S., Dawson, K., de Almeida, B. R., De Domenico, R. M., De Donato, M., de Jong, C., De la Vega, S. J., de Mello, G., Neto, W. J. M., Mitri, Jrtd, de Souza, I., de Vries, V., del Peral, K. D., del Rio, L., Deligny, M., Dembinski, O., Dhital, H., Di Giulio, N., Castro, C., Diep, M. L. D., Diogo, P. N., Dobrigkeit, F., Docters, C., D'Olivo, W., Dong, J. C., Dorofeev, P. N., dos Anjos, A., Dova, J. C., D'Urso, M. T., Dutan, D., Ebr, I., Engel, J., Erdmann, R., Escobar, M., Espadanal, C. O., Etchegoyen, J., Luis, A., Falcke, P. F. S., Fang, H., Farrar, K., Fauth, G., Fazzini, A. C., Ferguson, N., Fick, A. P., Figueira, B., Filevich, J. M., Filipcic, A., Fliescher, A., Fracchiolla, S., Fraenkel, C. E., Fratu, E. D., Frohlich, O., Fuchs, U., Gaior, B., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, R. F., Garcia, S., Roca, B., Garcia Gamez, S. T. G., Garcia Pinto, D., Garilli, D., Bravo, G., Gemmeke, A. G., Ghia, H., Giller, P. L., Gitto, M., Glass, J., Gold, H., Golup, M. S., Albarracin, G., Berisso, F. G., Vitale, M. G., Goncalves, P. F. G., Gonzalez, P., Gookin, G., Gorgi, B., Gouffon, A., Grashorn, P., Grebe, E., Griffith, S., Grillo, N., Guardincerri, A. F., Guarino, Y., Guedes, F., Hansen, G. P., Harari, P., Harrison, D., Harton, T. A., Haungs, J. L., Hebbeker, A., Heck, T., Herve, D., Hojvat, A. E., Hollon, C., Holmes, N., Homola, V. C., Horandel, P., Horvath, J. R., Hrabovsky, P., Huber, M., Huege, D., Insolia, T., Ionita, A., Italiano, F., Jansen, A., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, C., Josebachuili, S., Kadija, M., Kampert, K., Karhan, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, P., Kegl, I., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, B., Kelley, A., Kemp, J. L., Kieckhafer, E., Klages, R. M., Kleifges, H. O., Kleinfeller, M., Knapp, J., Koang, J., Kotera, D. H., Krohm, K., Kromer, N., Kruppke Hansen, O., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, D., Kunka, J. K., La Rosa, N., Lachaud, G., Lahurd, C., Latronico, D., Lauer, L., Lautridou, R., Le Coz, P., Leao, S., Lebrun, Msab and, Lebrun, D., de Oliveira, P., Letessier Selvon, M. A. L., Lhenry Yvon, A., Link, I., Lopez, K., Aguera, R., Louedec, A. L., Bahilo, K., J. L., Lu, Lucero, L., Ludwig, A., Lyberis, M., Maccarone, H., Macolino, M. C., Maldera, C., Maller, S., Mandat, J., Mantsch, D., Mariazzi, P., Marin, A. G., Marin, J., Maris, V., Falcon, I. C., Marsella, H. R. M., Martello, G., Martin, D., Martinez, L., Bravo, H., Martraire, O. M., Meza, D., Mathes, J. J. M., Matthews, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, A. J., Maurel, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, D., Medina Tanco, P. O., Melissas, G., Melo, M., Menichetti, D., Menshikov, E., Mertsch, A., Meurer, P., Meyhandan, C., Mi'Canovi'C, R., Micheletti, S., Minaya, M. I., Miramonti, I. A., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, L., Monasor, S., Ragaigne, M., Montanet, D. M., Morales, F., Morello, B., Moreno, C., Moreno, E., Mostafa, J. C., Moura, M., Muller, C. A., Muller, M. A., Munchmeyer, G., Mussa, M., Navarra, R., Navarro, G., Navas, J. L., Necesal, S., Nellen, P., Nelles, L., Neuser, A., Nhung, J., Niechciol, P. T., Niemietz, M., Nierstenhoefer, L., Nitz, N., Nosek, D., Nozka, D., Oehlschlager, L., Olinto, J., Ortiz, A., Pacheco, M., Selmi Dei, N., Palatka, D. P., Pallotta, M., Palmieri, J., Parente, N., Parizot, G., Parra, E., Pastor, A., Paul, S., Pech, T., Pekala, M., Pelayo, J., Pepe, R., Perrone, I. M., Pesce, L., Petermann, R., Petrera, E., Petrolini, Alessandro, Petrov, A., Pfendner, Y., Piegaia, C., Pierog, R., Pieroni, T., Pimenta, P., Pirronello, M., Platino, V., Plum, M., Ponce, M., Pontz, V. H., Porcelli, M., Privitera, A., Prouza, P., Quel, M., Querchfeld, E. J., Rautenberg, S., Ravel, J., Ravignani, O., Revenu, D., Ridky, B., Riggi, J., Risse, S., Ristori, M., Rivera, P., Rizi, H., Roberts, V., de Carvalho, J., Rodriguez, W. R., Cabo, G., Martino, I. R., Rojo, J. R., Rodriguez Frias, J. R., Ros, M. D., Rosado, G., Rossler, J., Roth, T., Rouille d'Orfeuil, M., Roulet, B., Rovero, E., Ruhle, A. C., Saftoiu, C., Salamida, A., Salazar, F., Greus, H., Salina, F. S., Sanchez, G., Santo, F., Santos, C. E., Santos, E., Sarazin, E. M., Sarkar, F., Sarkar, B., Sato, S., Scharf, R., Scherini, N., Schieler, V., Schiffer, H., Schmidt, P., Scholten, A., Schoorlemmer, O., Schovancova, H., Schovanek, J., Schroder, P., Schulte, F., Schuster, S., Sciutto, D., Scuderi, S. J., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, M., Shellard, A., Sidelnik, R. C., Sigl, I., Lopez, G., Sima, H. H. S., Smialkowski, O., Smida, A., Snow, R., Sommers, G. R., Sorokin, P., Spinka, J., Squartini, H., Srivastava, R., Stanic, Y. N., Stapleton, S., Stasielak, J., Stephan, J., Stutz, M., Suarez, A., Suomijarvi, F., Supanitsky, T., Susa, A. D., Sutherland, T., Swain, M. S., Szadkowski, J., Szuba, Z., Tapia, M., Tartare, A., Tascau, M., Tcaciuc, O., Thao, R., Thomas, N. T., Tiffenberg, D., Timmermans, J., Tkaczyk, C., Peixoto, W., Toma, C. J. T., Tomankova, G., Tome, L., Tonachini, B., Travnicek, A., Tridapalli, P., Tristram, D. B., Trovato, G., Tueros, E., Ulrich, M., Unger, R., Urban, M., Galicia, M., Valino, J. F. V., Valore, I., Van Aar, L., van den Berg, G., van Vliet, A. M., Varela, A., Cardenas, E., Vazquez, B. V., Vazquez, J. R., Veberic, R. A., Verzi, D., Vicha, V., Videla, J., Villasenor, M., Wahlberg, L., Wahrlich, H., Wainberg, P., Walz, O., Watson, D., Weber, A. A., Weidenhaupt, M., Weindl, K., Werner, A., Westerhoff, F., Whelan, S., Widom, B. J., Wieczorek, A., Wiencke, G., Wilczynska, L., Wilczynski, B., Will, H., Williams, M., Winchen, C., Wommer, T., Wundheiler, M., Yamamoto, B., Yapici, T., Younk, T., Yuan, P., Yushkov, G., Garcia, A., Zas, B. Z., Zavrtanik, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zaw, M., Zepeda, I., Zhou, A., Zhu, J., Silva, Y., Ziolkowski, M. Z., Pierre Auger, M., APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman f, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn i, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, L., Buroker, R. E., Burton, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R. W., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, M., del Río, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D'Urso, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, J. M., Figueira, A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel!, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A., Gascon Bravo, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, J., Gitto, H., Gla, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jansen, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, D., Martraire, J. J., Masías Meza, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, P., Mertsch, C., Meurer, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M. I., Micheletti, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra ‡, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pękala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, G., Rodriguez, I., Rodriguez Cabo, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, C., Rühle, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., SÃ! ¡nchez, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schröder, S., Schulte, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, H. H., Silva Lopez, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stanic, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Taşcău, R., Tcaciuc, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G., van Aar, A. M., van den Berg, A., van Vliet, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto a, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano Garcia, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw h, A., Zepeda b, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, ., P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E.J. Ahn, I.F.M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A.M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K.B. Barber, A.F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S.L.C. Barroso, B. Baughman f, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J.J. Beatty, K.H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J.A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W.C. Brown, R. Bruijn i, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, L. Buroker, R.E. Burton, K.S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S.H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R.W. Clay, G. Cocciolo, L. Collica, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, H. Cook, M.J. Cooper, J. Coppen, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret-Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S.J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W.J.M. de Mello Junior, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K.D. de Vrie, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M.L. Díaz Castro, P.N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J.C. D'Olivo, P.N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J.C. dos Anjo, M.T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C.O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Lui, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A.P. Ferguson, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C.E. Fracchiolla, E.D. Fraenkel!, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, R. Gaior, R.F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S.T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Gla, M.S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalve, J.G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A.F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G.P. Guede, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, J.L. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A.E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V.C. Holme, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K.H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J.L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R.M. Kieckhafer, H.O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D.-H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, J.K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M.S.A.B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M.C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I.C. Mari, H.R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, D. Martraire, J.J. Masías Meza, H.J. Mathe, J. Matthew, J.A.J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M.I. Micheletti, I.A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morale, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J.C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C.A. Moura, M.A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra ‡, J.L. Navarro, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, P.T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I.M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V.H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E.J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, I. Rodriguez Cabo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greu, G. Salina, F. SÃ! ¡nchez, C.E. Santo, E. Santo, E.M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R.C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, H.H. Silva Lopez, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y.N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M.S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N.T. Thao, D. Thoma, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmerman, W. Tkaczyk, C.J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D.B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A.M. van den Berg, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdena, J.R. Vázquez, R.A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B.J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto a, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw h, A. Zepeda b, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski ., Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Aramo, Carla, D'Urso, Domenico, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Real-time monitoring, 01 natural sciences, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Real-time monitoring, Control and monitor systems online, Optical telescope, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, SHOWERS, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Control and monitor systems online, FLUORESCENCE, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), DETECTOR, Mathematical Physics, Remote sensing, Event reconstruction, Pierre Auger Observatory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, ENERGY-SPECTRUM, Monitoring program, Aerosol, ATMOSFERA (MONITORAMENTO), Air shower, Experimental High Energy Physics, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a facility built to detect air showers produced by cosmic rays above 1017 eV. During clear nights with a low illuminated moon fraction, the UV fluorescence light produced by air showers is recorded by optical telescopes at the Observatory. To correct the observations for variations in atmospheric conditions, atmospheric monitoring is performed at regular intervals ranging from several minutes (for cloud identification) to several hours (for aerosol conditions) to several days (for vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, and humidity). In 2009, the monitoring program was upgraded to allow for additional targeted measurements of atmospheric conditions shortly after the detection of air showers of special interest, e. g., showers produced by very high-energy cosmic rays or showers with atypical longitudinal profiles. The former events are of particular importance for the determination of the energy scale of the Observatory, and the latter are characteristic of unusual air shower physics or exotic primary particle types. The purpose of targeted (or "rapid") monitoring is to improve the resolution of the atmospheric measurements for such events. In this paper, we report on the implementation of the rapid monitoring program and its current status. The rapid monitoring data have been analyzed and applied to the reconstruction of air showers of high interest, and indicate that the air fluorescence measurements affected by clouds and aerosols are effectively corrected using measurements from the regular atmospheric monitoring program. We find that the rapid monitoring program has potential for supporting dedicated physics analyses beyond the standard event reconstruction.

Published
2012
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19. Optimizing Miscanthus Biomass Production - Presentation of the OPTIMISC Project

Author

Lewandowski, I., Kalinina, O., Clifton-Brown, J., Farrar, K., Donnison, I., Trindade, L., Dolstra, O., Van Der Linden, G., Roldan-Ruiz, I., Muylle, H., Lootens, P., Harding, G., Mos, M., Schwarz, K.U., Müller-Sämann, K., Xi, Q., Özgüven, M., Chochlov, N., Tarakanow, I., and Schüle, H.

Subjects
Biomass
Abstract

Miscanthus is a C4 perennial rhizomatous grass originating from Eastern Asia that has become a leading candidate crop for production of a lignocellulosic feedstock for a biobased economy in Europe. Research over the past 20 years has shown that a few key species and their interspecific hybrids have a high yield potential for bioenergy as well as other biomass-derived products requiring low inputs. At present the production of miscanthus is dominated by one genotype, Miscanthus x giganteus. The main objective of the OPTIMISC project is to broaden the genetic base for miscanthus. For this purpose promising germplasm from M. sacchariflorus, M. sinensis and M. x giganteus and cross-breeds thereof have been selected and will be tested for their tolerance and suitability to adverse soil and climatic conditions and for the suitability of the biomass to provide feedstock for energetic use or higher quality products. Major activities within OPTIMSC are the screening of traits for salinity, drought, cold and freezing stress in controlled environments and in field trials as well as testing the performance of novel genotypes on small to large scale. Options for using the biomass of different miscanthus genotypes for energetic and material uses are explored. Recommendations will be made with regard to cost reduction and environmental performance (LCA) of specific value chains. Decision support will be given for the selection and cultivation of suitable genotypes intended for different applications in different environments., Proceedings of the 20th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 18-22 June 2012, Milan, Italy, pp. 651-654

Published
2012
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25. Quasielastic transfer in the136Xe+64Nireaction

Author

Sanders, S. J., primary, Dummer, A. K., additional, Farrar, K. A., additional, Prosser, F. W., additional, Fornal, B., additional, Janssens, R. V. F., additional, Carpenter, M. P., additional, Khoo, T. L., additional, Beck, C., additional, Mahboub, D., additional, Haas, F., additional, Cavallaro, Sl., additional, Sferrazza, M., additional, Mayer, R., additional, Nisius, D., additional, and de Angelis, G., additional

Published
1997
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26. Fission decay ofCr48atECN*≊60 MeV

Author

Farrar, K. A., primary, Sanders, S. J., additional, Dummer, A. K., additional, Hasan, A. T., additional, Prosser, F. W., additional, Back, B. B., additional, Bearden, I. G., additional, Betts, R. R., additional, Carpenter, M. P., additional, Crowell, B., additional, Freer, M., additional, Henderson, D. J., additional, Janssens, R. V. F., additional, Khoo, T. L., additional, Lauritsen, T., additional, Liang, Y., additional, Nisius, D., additional, Wuosmaa, A. H., additional, Beck, C., additional, Freeman, R. M., additional, Cavallaro, Sl., additional, and Szanto de Toledo, A., additional

Published
1996
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32. Notes

Author

Bowie, J. H., primary, Bullock, E., additional, Johnson, A. W., additional, Cavell, R. G., additional, Clark, H. C., additional, Goldstein, I. J., additional, Whelan, W. J., additional, Mann, Frederick G., additional, Loudon, J. D., additional, Tennant, G., additional, Buu-Hoï, N. P., additional, Jacquignon, P., additional, Rose, A., additional, Sabathier, J. F., additional, Sinh, M. P., additional, Gillard, R. D., additional, Wilkinson, G., additional, Moodie, R. B., additional, Wale, P. D., additional, Whaite, T. J., additional, van der Merwe, K. J., additional, Enslin, P. R., additional, Pachler, K., additional, Birch, A. J., additional, Farrar, K. R., additional, Thomson, S. J., additional, Wishlade, J. L., additional, Casanova, J., additional, Schuster, R. E., additional, Werner, N. D., additional, Chaudhry, M. T., additional, Stephens, R., additional, Fray, G. I., additional, Beattie, I. R., additional, Webster, M., additional, Irving, H., additional, and Kiwan, A. M., additional

Published
1963
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41. Bacterial endophytic community composition varies by hemp cultivar in commercially sourced seed.

Author

Davies J, Hawkins S, Winters A, and Farrar K

Subjects
Microbiota, Phylogeny, Biodiversity, Europe, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Cannabis microbiology, Cannabis genetics, Bacteria classification, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria isolation & purification, Seeds microbiology, Endophytes genetics, Endophytes classification, Endophytes isolation & purification, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics
Abstract

The seed-endophytic bacterial community is a potentially beneficial and heritable fraction of the plant microbiome. Its utilization as a sustainable crop improvement strategy could be especially valuable for species such as hemp, where production is being scaled up and new challenges will be faced in managing crop productivity and health. However, little is known about the makeup and variation of the hemp seed microbiome. This study profiled the endophytic bacterial communities harboured by 16 hemp cultivars sourced from commercial suppliers in Europe. A 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing approach identified 917 amplicon sequence variants across samples. Taxonomic classification of sequences revealed 4 phyla and 87 genera to be represented in the dataset. Several genera were widespread while some were specific to one or a few cultivars. Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Pantoea were notable in their high overall abundance and prevalence, but community composition was variable and no one taxon was universally abundant, suggesting a high degree of flexibility in community assembly. Taxonomic composition and alpha diversity differed among cultivars, though further work is required to understand the relative influence of hemp genetic factors on community structure. The taxonomic profiles presented here can be used to inform further work investigating the functional characteristics and potential plant-growth-promoting traits of seed-borne bacteria in hemp., (© 2024 The Authors. Environmental Microbiology Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
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42. Modulation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα) and Tumor Suppressor Gene BRCA1 in Breast Cancer Cells by Bazedoxifene Acetate (BZA).

Author

Szmyd M, Zanib A, Behlow V, Hallman E, Pfiffner S, Yaldo R, Prudhomme N, Farrar K, and Dinda S

Abstract

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are steroid analogs with dual functionality, acting as partial estrogen receptor agonists to preserve postmenopausal bone density and as estrogen receptor antagonists in breast tissue. Bazedoxifene acetate (BZA) is an FDA-approved, third-generation SERM used in the treatment of osteoporosis in women. It demonstrates potential as a therapeutic option for breast cancer patients undergoing endocrine therapy. Our study aimed to assess BZA's effects on Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα) and tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 in T-47D and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, using Western blots, cellular viability, apoptosis assays, and RT-qPCR. Cells were cultured in 5% charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum for six days to deplete endogenous steroids. Following a 24 h exposure to 2 µM BZA (optimal concentration determined from 1 nM-2 µM studies), Western blot analyses revealed reduced ERα and BRCA1 protein levels in both cell lines. ERα decreased by 48-63% and BRCA1 by 61-64%, indicating sensitivity to antiestrogens. Cytolocalization of ERα and BRCA1 remained unchanged after BZA and 17-β-estradiol (E 2 ) treatment. ESR1 mRNA expression correlated with Western blot findings. Image cytometric analysis using the stain, propidium iodide, detected decreased cellular proliferation in T-47D and MCF-7 cells following a 6-day treatment ranging from 1 nM to 2 µM BZA. BZA treatment alone led to a tenfold reduction in cellular proliferation compared to estrogen-treated cells, suggesting antiproliferative effects. Understanding BZA's modulation of BRCA1 and ERα, along with their mechanistic interactions, is vital for comprehending its impact on breast cancer tumor suppressors and hormone receptors.

Published
2024
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43. Weight Stigma in Online News Images: A Visual Content Analysis of Stigma Communication in the Depictions of Individuals with Obesity in U.S. and U.K. News.

Author

Rao A, Puhl R, and Farrar K

Subjects
Humans, Social Stigma, Obesity, Overweight, Communication, Stereotyping, Weight Prejudice
Abstract

Weight stigma is a pervasive form of discrimination worldwide. News media, and news images in particular, can reinforce weight stigma by portraying persons with obesity in a negative, stereotypical manner. Informed by the model of stigma communication, this study conducted a content analysis of images accompanying obesity-related news articles from the U.S. and U.K. to determine and compare the prevalence of stigmatizing images. Images ( N  = 445) in obesity-focused news articles obtained from the top four most viewed online news in the U.S. ( n  = 244) and U.K. ( n  = 201) during August 2018-August 2019 were systematically coded. These 445 images featured 228 individuals. Of these 228 individuals, 35% were identified as higher weight and 44% as lower weight. Overall, 70% of persons of higher weight in these news images were depicted in a stigmatizing manner. Further, 46% of individuals with higher weight were depicted with their head partially or fully removed from the image, compared to 25% of individuals with lower weight. Additionally, U.K. news were 2.5 times more likely to contain stigmatizing images than U.S. news. These findings highlight the prevalence of weight stigma in news images and suggest that broader systemic efforts are needed by the news media industry to eliminate the use of negative imagery that marginalizes persons of higher weight.

Published
2024
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44. "Community 101 for researchers": an online training program to build capacity for ethical community-engaged research with Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders.

Author

Chung-Do JJ, Scott SK, Jones BR, Look MA, Taira DA, Palafox NA, Farrar K, and Mau MKLM

Subjects
Humans, Hawaii, Research Personnel education, Universities, Capacity Building ethics, Ethics, Research education, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Community-Based Participatory Research ethics, Community-Based Participatory Research methods
Abstract

To address the history of unethical research and community distrust in research among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander communities, we developed the "Community 101 for Researchers" training program, which was launched in 2014 to enhance the capacity of researchers to engage in ethical community-engaged research. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of this training program as well as its reach and feedback from participants. The Community 101 training program is a self-paced, 2-h online training program featuring community-engaged researchers from the University of Hawai'i and their longstanding community partners. Throughout the five modules, we highlight the historical context of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islander populations in Hawai'i related to research ethics and use examples from the community as well as our own research projects that integrate community ethics, relevance, benefits, and input. To determine reach and gather participant feedback on the training, we extracted data from the user accounts. The training has been completed by 697 users to-date since its launch. Despite very little advertisement, an average of nearly 70 users have completed the Community 101 Program each year. The majority of the participants were located in Hawai'i though participants were also from other states and territories in the US, and international locations. The majority of participants were from universities in Hawai'i in 51 different departments demonstrating multidisciplinary relevance of the program's training. The general feedback from the 96 participants who completed an optional anonymous evaluation survey given at the end of the training was positive. The "Community 101 for Researchers" Training program is an accessible and relevant tool that can be used to advance ethical community engaged research, specifically with Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander communities., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Chung-Do, Scott, Jones, Look, Taira, Palafox, Farrar and Mau.)

Published
2024
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45. Prioritizing Connection and Centering on Community: Take Your Shoes Off and Don't Put Your Feet on the Furniture.

Author

Akaka G, Daniels S, Davis K, Dillard A, Farrar K, Goebert D, Howard J, Kaio C, Makahi E, Inada M, Oneha M, and Purdy M

Subjects
Humans, Community Participation
Abstract

This column describes what it means to be "in" a community and how to create a leading role for community partners in shaping research. It highlights essential components for conducting clinical and translational research in the community, including: (1) invitation to share history and purpose; (2) community-initiated collaboration and engagement; (3) focus on social and cultural determinants of health; (4) community-driven measures and frameworks; (5) application of Indigenous methods and approaches; and (6) implementation of Indigenous and adaptable interventions. Partnering with a community entails building relationships and positioning research around community interests, using methodologies and interventions right for the community., Competing Interests: None of the authors identify a conflict of interest., (©Copyright 2023 by University Health Partners of Hawai‘i (UHP Hawai‘i).)

Published
2023

46. Hospital-Based Healthcare Worker Perceptions of Personal Risk Related to COVID-19: One Year Follow-Up.

Author

Yamane D, Zarabian K, Devine K, Benjenk I, Farrar K, Park OL, Kim J, Davison D, and Heinz E

Subjects
Follow-Up Studies, Health Personnel, Hospitals, Humans, Pandemics, Quality of Life, COVID-19 epidemiology
Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted health care workers (HCW). Most research focused on the adverse mental health effects during the initial surge of cases; and yet little is known about approximately how workers are faring 1 year into the pandemic. The objective of this study is to examine stress, burnout, and risk perception in an academic medical system, 1 year after the start of the pandemic., Methods: HCW across care specialties participated in online surveys in Spring 2020 and Spring 2021. The surveys included questions related to workplace stress and risk perception related to COVID-19. Correlates of stress and burnout were explored using multivariable linear regression models. Professional Quality of Life Scale (PROQOL) questions were added to the second survey., Results: While HCW reported significantly fewer concerns about the risk of COVID-19 transmission to themselves and their families during the 2021 survey (compared with 2020), the percentage of workers who reported feeling excess stress at work or considered resigning stayed the same. One year into the pandemic, 57% of study participants met criteria for moderate or high levels of traumatic stress and 75% met criteria for moderate or high levels of burnout. As compared with participants who cared for no COVID-19 deaths, participants who cared for COVID-19 patients who died had significantly higher traumatic stress (1 to 10: Coef. = 2.7, P = .007 ; >10: Coef. = 6.7, P < .001 ) and burnout scores (1 to 10: Coef. = 2.7, P = .004 ; >10: Coef. = 2.6, P = .036 )., Conclusion: While Although perceptions of risk declined over the course of the year, levels of stress still remained high despite high vaccination rates. Those who witnessed more COVID-19 deaths were more likely to report increased burnout and post-traumatic stress. As our nation continues to grapple with the COVID-19 pandemic and new variants emerge it is imperative to focus on recovery strategies for high burnout groups to ensure the wellbeing of our health care workforce., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: To the best of our knowledge, the named authors have no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise., (© Copyright 2022 by the American Board of Family Medicine.)

Published
2022
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47. RNA Sequencing in COVID-19 patients identifies neutrophil activation biomarkers as a promising diagnostic platform for infections.

Author

Wargodsky R, Dela Cruz P, LaFleur J, Yamane D, Kim JS, Benjenk I, Heinz E, Irondi OO, Farrar K, Toma I, Jordan T, Goldman J, and McCaffrey TA

Subjects
Adult, COVID-19 pathology, COVID-19 virology, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Lewis X Antigen metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Neutrophil Activation, Neutrophils cytology, Neutrophils immunology, Pancreatic Elastase blood, RNA, Viral chemistry, RNA, Viral metabolism, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell genetics, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Severity of Illness Index, alpha-Defensins genetics, Biomarkers blood, COVID-19 diagnosis, Neutrophils metabolism, SARS-CoV-2 genetics
Abstract

Infection with the SARS-CoV2 virus can vary from asymptomatic, or flu-like with moderate disease, up to critically severe. Severe disease, termed COVID-19, involves acute respiratory deterioration that is frequently fatal. To understand the highly variable presentation, and identify biomarkers for disease severity, blood RNA from COVID-19 patient in an intensive care unit was analyzed by whole transcriptome RNA sequencing. Both SARS-CoV2 infection and the severity of COVID-19 syndrome were associated with up to 25-fold increased expression of neutrophil-related transcripts, such as neutrophil defensin 1 (DEFA1), and 3-5-fold reductions in T cell related transcripts such as the T cell receptor (TCR). The DEFA1 RNA level detected SARS-CoV2 viremia with 95.5% sensitivity, when viremia was measured by ddPCR of whole blood RNA. Purified CD15+ neutrophils from COVID-19 patients were increased in abundance and showed striking increases in nuclear DNA staining by DAPI. Concurrently, they showed >10-fold higher elastase activity than normal controls, and correcting for their increased abundance, still showed 5-fold higher elastase activity per cell. Despite higher CD15+ neutrophil elastase activity, elastase activity was extremely low in plasma from the same patients. Collectively, the data supports the model that increased neutrophil and decreased T cell activity is associated with increased COVID-19 severity, and suggests that blood DEFA1 RNA levels and neutrophil elastase activity, both involved in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), may be informative biomarkers of host immune activity after viral infection., Competing Interests: TM and IT have an equity interest in True Bearing Diagnostics, Inc., a diagnostics company developing RNA biomarkers for various diseases, including coronary artery disease and internal infections. TM is seeking patent protection for technology related to the current studies. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The other authors declare there are no competing interests.

Published
2022
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48. Differential expression of starch and sucrose metabolic genes linked to varying biomass yield in Miscanthus hybrids.

Author

De Vega JJ, Peel N, Purdy SJ, Hawkins S, Donnison L, Dyer S, and Farrar K

Abstract

Background: Miscanthus is a commercial lignocellulosic biomass crop owing to its high biomass productivity and low chemical input requirements. Within an interspecific Miscanthus cross, progeny with high biomass yield were shown to have low concentrations of starch and sucrose but high concentrations of fructose. We performed a transcriptional RNA-seq analysis between selected Miscanthus hybrids with contrasting values for these phenotypes to clarify how these phenotypes are genetically controlled., Results: We observed that genes directly involved in the synthesis and degradation of starch and sucrose were down-regulated in high-yielding Miscanthus hybrids. At the same time, glycolysis and export of triose phosphates were up-regulated in high-yielding Miscanthus hybrids. These differentially expressed genes and biological functions were regulated by a well-connected network of less than 25 co-regulated transcription factors., Conclusions: Our results evidence a direct relationship between high expression of essential enzymatic genes in the starch and sucrose pathways and co-expression with their transcriptional regulators, with high starch concentrations and lower biomass production. The strong interconnectivity between gene expression and regulators, chemotype and agronomic traits opens the door to use the expression of well-characterised genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, particularly in the starch and sucrose pathway, for the early selection of high biomass-yielding genotypes from large Miscanthus populations.

Published
2021
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49. Draft genome assembly of the biofuel grass crop Miscanthus sacchariflorus .

Author

De Vega J, Donnison I, Dyer S, and Farrar K

Subjects
Genotype, Biofuels, Poaceae genetics
Abstract

Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. is a highly productive C4 perennial rhizomatous biofuel grass crop. M. sacchariflorus is among the most widely distributed species in the genus, particularly at cold northern latitudes, and is one of the progenitor species of the commercial M. × giganteus genotypes. We generated a 2.54 Gb whole-genome assembly of the diploid M. sacchariflorus cv. "Robustus 297" genotype, which represented ~59% of the expected total genome size. We later anchored this assembly using the chromosomes from the M. sinensis genome to generate a second assembly with improved contiguity. We annotated 86,767 and 69,049 protein-coding genes in the unanchored and anchored assemblies, respectively. We estimated our assemblies included ~85% of the M. sacchariflorus genes based on homology and core markers. The utility of the new reference for genomic studies was evidenced by a 99% alignment rate of the RNA-seq reads from the same genotype.  The raw data, unanchored and anchored assemblies, and respective gene annotations are publicly available., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2021 De Vega J et al.)

Published
2021
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50. Linkage mapping evidence for a syntenic QTL associated with flowering time in perennial C 4 rhizomatous grasses Miscanthus and switchgrass.

Author

Jensen E, Shafiei R, Ma XF, Serba DD, Smith DP, Slavov GT, Robson P, Farrar K, Thomas Jones S, Swaller T, Flavell R, Clifton-Brown J, Saha MC, and Donnison I

Abstract

Flowering in perennial species is directed via complex signalling pathways that adjust to developmental regulations and environmental cues. Synchronized flowering in certain environments is a prerequisite to commercial seed production, and so the elucidation of the genetic architecture of flowering time in Miscanthus and switchgrass could aid breeding in these underdeveloped species. In this context, we assessed a mapping population in Miscanthus and two ecologically diverse switchgrass mapping populations over 3 years from planting. Multiple flowering time quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified in both species. Remarkably, the most significant Miscanthus and switchgrass QTL proved to be syntenic, located on linkage groups 4 and 2, with logarithm of odds scores of 17.05 and 21.8 respectively. These QTL regions contained three flowering time transcription factors: Squamosa Promoter-binding protein-Like , MADS-box SEPELLATA2 and gibberellin-responsive bHLH137. The former is emerging as a key component of the age-related flowering time pathway., (© 2020 The Authors. GCB Bioenergy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2021
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