17 results on '"Fassiatou Tairou"'
Search Results
2. Monitoring the progress and impact of a multicountry, interdisciplinary research project on childhood stunting: the UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub MEL protocol
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Bharati Kulkarni, Babacar Faye, Little Flower Augustine, Santosh Kumar Banjara, Claire Heffernan, Umi Fahmida, Min Kyaw Htet, Arienta R P Sudibya, Modou Lamin Jobarteh, Nur L Zahra, Assana Diop, Darius Tetsa Tata, Hugh Sharma Waddington, Marie K Harder, Fassiatou Tairou, Dinesh Yadav D M, Rose Ndulu Ndolo, Munikumar Manne, Camara Fatou Ndiaye Diop, Francis Naab, and Chelsey Victoria Knott
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Published
- 2024
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3. Defining operational research priorities to improve malaria control and elimination in sub-Saharan Africa: results from a country-driven research prioritization setting process
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Roger Tine, Samantha Herrera, Mouhamed Ahmed Badji, Kyle Daniels, Pascal Ndiaye, Cara Smith Gueye, Fassiatou Tairou, Laurence Slutsker, Jimee Hwang, Evelyn Ansah, Megan Littrell, and The Malaria Operational Research Prioritization Partnership
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Research prioritization ,Malaria control ,Malaria elimination ,Sub-Saharan Africa ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background In order to reignite gains and accelerate progress toward improved malaria control and elimination, policy, strategy, and operational decisions should be derived from high-quality evidence. The U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) Insights project together with the Université Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Senegal, conducted a broad stakeholder consultation process to identify pressing evidence gaps in malaria control and elimination across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and developed a priority list of country-driven malaria operational research (OR) and programme evaluation (PE) topics to address these gaps. Methods Five key stakeholder groups were engaged in the process: national malaria programmes (NMPs), research institutions in SSA, World Health Organization (WHO) representatives in SSA, international funding agencies, and global technical partners who support malaria programme implementation and research. Stakeholders were engaged through individual or small group interviews and an online survey, and asked about key operational challenges faced by NMPs, pressing evidence gaps in current strategy and implementation guidance, and priority OR and PE questions to address the challenges and gaps. Results Altogether, 47 interviews were conducted with 82 individuals, and through the online survey, input was provided by 46 global technical partners. A total of 33 emergent OR and PE topics were identified through the consultation process and were subsequently evaluated and prioritized by an external evaluation committee of experts from NMPs, research institutions, and the WHO. The resulting prioritized OR and PE topics predominantly focused on generating evidence needed to close gaps in intervention coverage, address persistent challenges faced by NMPs in the implementation of core strategic interventions, and inform the effective deployment of new tools. Conclusion The prioritized research list is intended to serve as a key resource for informing OR and PE investments, thereby ensuring future investments focus on generating the evidence needed to strengthen national strategies and programme implementation and facilitating a more coordinated and impactful approach to malaria operational research.
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- 2023
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4. Malaria prevalence and use of control measures in an area with persistent transmission in Senegal.
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Fassiatou Tairou, Ibrahima Gaye, Samantha Herrera, Saira Nawaz, Libasse Sarr, Birane Cissé, Babacar Faye, and Roger C K Tine
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
IntroductionIn Senegal, the widespread use of vector control measures has resulted in a significant reduction in the malaria burden and led the country to consider the possibility of elimination. Given this shift and changing context, it is important to characterize the malaria burden across all age groups to guide decision-making on programmatic interventions to interrupt transmission and ultimately eradicate the disease. In Senegal, there is a lack of information on malaria prevalence among certain populations, particularly among adolescents and adults. This study sought to assess the magnitude of malaria infections in all age groups, as well as malaria associated factors in an area of persistent transmission in Senegal.MethodsA cross-sectional household survey was conducted in four health posts (Khossanto, Mamakhona, Diakhaling and Sambrambougou), of the health district of Saraya, in November 2021, among individuals over 6 months of age. Households were selected using multistage sampling. Consented participants were screened for malaria parasites by microscopic examination of blood smears, and hemoglobin levels were measured using the Hemocue HB 301TM analyzer. Socio-demographic information of the participants, household heads, household assets, and information on ownership and use of preventive measures were collected using a structured questionnaire. Weighted generalized mixed effects logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with microscopically confirmed malaria infection.ResultsA total of 1759 participants were enrolled in the study. Overall, about 21% of participants were classified as having Plasmodium infection; children aged 5-10 years old (26.6%), adolescents aged 10-19 years old (24.7%), and children under five years of age (20.5%) had higher rates of infection compared to adults (13.5%). Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 99.2% of the malaria infections, and most infections (69%) were asymptomatic. Around one-third of study participants had anemia (hemoglobin level ConclusionMalaria burden was considerable among adolescents and under ten children living in an area of persistent transmission, with adolescents more commonly presenting as asymptomatic. Interventions tailored to this specific group of the population are needed to better control the disease and reduce its burden.
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- 2024
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5. Malaria-associated risk factors among adolescents living in areas with persistent transmission in Senegal: a case–control study
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Fassiatou Tairou, Abdoulaye Diallo, Ousmane Sy, Aminatou Kone, Isaac Akhenaton Manga, Khadim Sylla, Souleye Lelo, Cheikh Binetou Fall, Doudou Sow, Magatte Ndiaye, Babacar Faye, and Roger C. K. Tine
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Malaria ,Transmission ,Epidemiology ,Adolescent ,Senegal ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background In Senegal, malaria morbidity has sharply decreased over these past years. However, malaria epidemiology remains heterogeneous with persistent transmission in the southeastern part of the country and many cases among older children and adolescents. Little is known about factors associated with clinical malaria among this group. A better understanding of malaria transmission among this newly emerging vulnerable group will guide future interventions targeting this population group. This study aimed to identify factors associated with clinical malaria among adolescents in Senegal. Methods A case–control study was conducted from November to December 2020 in four health posts located in the Saraya district. Cases were defined as adolescents (10–19 years) with an uncomplicated malaria episode with fever (temperature > 37.5°) or a history of fever and positive malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Controls were from the same age group, living in the neighbourhood of the case, presenting a negative RDT. A standardized, pre-tested questionnaire was administered to each study participant followed by a home visit to assess the participant's living conditions. Factors associated with clinical malaria were assessed using stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results In total, 492 individuals were recruited (246 cases and 246 controls). In a multivariate analysis, factors associated with clinical malaria included non-use of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.58–4.45), non-use of other preventive measures (aOR = 2.51; 95% CI 1.53–4.11) and indoor sleeping (aOR = 3.22; 95% CI 1.66–6.23). Protective factors included 15–19 years of age (aOR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.23–0.62), absence of stagnant water around the house (aOR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.16–0.44), having a female as head of household (aOR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.25–0.90), occupation such as apprentice (OR = 0.24; 95% CI 0.11–0.52). Conclusions The study revealed that environmental factors and non-use of malaria preventive measures are the main determinants of malaria transmission among adolescents living in areas with persistent malaria transmission in Senegal. Strategies aimed at improving disease awareness and access to healthcare interventions, such as LLINs, are needed to improve malaria control and prevention among these vulnerable groups.
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- 2022
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6. Effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention administered in a mass campaign in the Kedougou region of Senegal in 2016: a case-control study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved]
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Roger Clément Kouly Tine, Isaac Akhenaton Manga, Fassiatou Tairou, Ekoue Kouevidjin, Amadou Seck, Magatte Ndiaye, Doudou Sow, Khadime Sylla, Alioune Babara Gueye, Mady Ba, Omar Gaye, Jean Louis Abdourahim Ndiaye, and Babacar Faye
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Seasonal malaria chemoprevention ,Effectiveness ,Case-control study ,Senegal ,eng ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (SPAQ) is a malaria prevention strategy recommended since 2012 by the World Health Organization (WHO) for children under 5 years. In Senegal, the scaling up of SMC started in 2013 in the south-eastern regions of the country with an extension of the target to 10 years old children. The scaling up of SMC requires regular evaluation of the strategy as recommended by the WHO. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of SMC. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in some villages of the health districts of Saraya and Kedougou in the Kedougou region from July to December 2016. A case was a sick child, aged 3 months to 10 years, seen in consultation and with a positive malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT). The control was a child of the same age group with a negative RDT and living in the same compound as the case or in a neighbouring compound. Each case was matched with two controls. Exposure to SMC was assessed by interviewing the mothers/caretakers and by checking the SMC administration card. Results: Overall, 492 children, including 164 cases and 328 controls, were recruited in our study. Their mean ages were 5.32 (+/- 2.15) and 4.44 (+/-2.25) years for cases and controls, respectively. The number of boys was higher in both cases (55.49%; CI 95%=47.54-63.24%) and controls (51,22%; CI 95%=45.83-56.58%). Net ownership was 85.80% among cases and 90.85% among controls (p=0,053). The proportion of controls who received SMC was higher than that of cases (98.17% vs 85.98% and p=1.10-7). The protective effectiveness of SMC was 89% (OR= 0.12 (CI 95%=0.04-0.28)). Conclusions: SMC is an effective strategy in the control of malaria in children. Case-control studies are a good approach for monitoring the efficacy of drugs administered during SMC.
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- 2023
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7. Malaria parasite carriage before and two years after the implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention: a case study of the Saraya health district, southern Senegal [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
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Isaac Akhenaton Manga, Fassiatou Tairou, Mamadou Sarifou BA, Ekoue Kouevidjin, Amadou Seck, Magatte Ndiaye, Doudou Sow, Médoune Ndiop, Khadime Sylla, Alioune Babara Gueye, Mady Ba, Fatou Ba Fall, Ibrahima Diallo, Omar Gaye, Roger Clément Tine, Jean Louis Abdourahim Ndiaye, and Babacar Faye
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seasonal malaria chemoprevention ,Plasmodium ,carriage ,Senegal ,malaria ,eng ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) has been adopted and implemented in the southern regions of Senegal in children aged between three and 120 months since 2013. Scaling up this strategy requires its evaluation to assess the impact. This study was carried out to determine the dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum carriage before and after two years of SMC implementation. Methods: Four household surveys were conducted in villages in the health district of Saraya, which is a SMC implementation area in Senegal. These villages were selected using probability proportional to size sampling. Each selected village was divided into segments containing at least 50 children. In each segment, a household questionnaire was administered to the parents or legal representatives of children aged three to 120 months. Blood smears were collected to determine P. falciparum prevalence by microscopy one month before the first round of SMC, one month after the last round of the first SMC campaign and two years after the start of the implementation. Results: A total of 2008 children were included with a mean average age of 4.81 (+/-2.73) years. Of the study population, 50.33% were more than five years old and 50.3% were male. In 2013, mosquito net ownership was 99.4 % before the SMC campaign and 97.4% after. In 2015, it was 36.6% before and 45.8% after the campaign. In 2013, the prevalence of plasmodium carriage was 11.8% before and 6.1% after the SMC campaign. In 2015, the prevalence was 4.9% before the administration of SMC and this increased up to 15.3% after. Malaria prevalence was high among children over five years old and in boys. Conclusions: The decrease in Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence, which subsequently increased after two years of SMC implementation in this study, suggests adding an extra cycle of the SMC or adjusting the administration period.
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- 2022
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8. Malaria prevention knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among adolescents living in an area of persistent transmission in Senegal: Results from a cross-sectional study.
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Fassiatou Tairou, Saira Nawaz, Marc Christian Tahita, Samantha Herrera, Babacar Faye, and Roger C K Tine
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
IntroductionWhile malaria morbidity has sharply declined in several areas in Senegal, it remains an important problem in the southern part of the country, particularly among adolescents. Understanding adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, prevention and care-seeking practices is important to inform more targeted interventions aimed at optimizing adolescents' uptake of malaria prevention and control measures. This study assessed malaria-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among adolescents living in a highly persistent transmission area in Senegal.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 391 adolescents living in the Saraya health district. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select households. An electronic questionnaire developed on Open Data Kit (ODK), was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, household assets, adolescents' knowledge of malaria, as well as their attitudes with regards to malaria prevention, and care-seeking behaviors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess factors associated with adolescents' KAP towards malaria.ResultsNearly, one-third of the participants had good knowledge of malaria (34.4%) and good practice in regards to malaria preventive measures (32.8%) while 59.0% had a positive attitude and 73.8% had good care-seeking behavior regarding malaria. Multivariate analysis revealed that a primary (aOR = 5.43, p = 0.002) or secondary level of education (aOR = 10.41, p = 0.000) was associated with good knowledge of malaria transmission, signs, and prevention measures. Male individuals had lower knowledge compared to female ones (aOR = 0.40, p = 0.001). Individuals belonging to households from the highest wealth quintile were more likely to have a positive attitude towards malaria compared to those from households in the lowest wealth quintile (aOR = 3.49, p = 0.004). The odds of positive attitude towards malaria decreased among participants with koranic and primary education level, respectively (aOR = 0.14, p = 0.005) and (aOR = 0.24, p = 0.019). A positive attitude was 1.89 more likely to be (aOR = 1.89, p = 0.026) associated with good practice of prevention measures compared to adolescents who demonstrated negative attitudes. Individuals from households in the fourth (aOR = 0.42, p = 0.024), middle (aOR = 0.34, P = 0.005), and second (aOR = 0.42, p = 0.027) wealth quintiles were less likely to use malaria prevention measures compared to those from households in the highest wealth quintile.ConclusionThe study revealed that adolescents, generally have poor levels of malaria knowledge and low uptake of malaria prevention and control interventions. Targeted interventions for high-risk adolescents are needed, that focus on improving their knowledge of the disease and effective preventive measures, and on increasing their access to health care services and LLINs.
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- 2022
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9. Malaria Associated Risk Factors Among Adolescent Living in Areas With Persisting Transmission in Senegal: a Case Control Study
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A. Diallo, Ousmane Sy, Doudou Sow, Aminatou Kone, Souleye Lelo, Magatte Ndiaye, Fassiatou Tairou, Isaac Akhénaton Manga, Roger Tine, Babacar Faye, Cheikh Fall, and K Sylla
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Transmission (mechanics) ,business.industry ,law ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,Case-control study ,Medicine ,business ,medicine.disease ,Malaria ,law.invention - Abstract
Background: In Senegal, malaria morbidity has shapely felt down over these past years. However, malaria epidemiology remains heterogeneous with persisting transmission in the southeastern part of the country and more important number of cases arising among older children and adolescents. Little is known about factors associated with clinical malaria among this group. A better understanding of malaria transmission among this new vulnerable group will guide future interventions targeting these key populations. This study aimed to identify factors associated with clinical malaria among adolescents in Senegal. Methods: A case control study was conducted from November to December 2020 in four health posts located in Saraya district. Cases were defined as adolescents (10-19 years) with uncomplicated malaria episode with fever (Temperature>37.5°) or history of fever and a positive malaria RDT. Controls were from the same age group, living in the neighborhood of the case, presenting a negative RDT. A standardized, pre-tested questionnaire was administered to each participant followed by home visit to assess participant’s living conditions. Factors associated with clinical malaria was assessed using a Stepwise Logistic regression analysis.Results: In total, 492 individuals were recruited (246 cases and 246 controls). In a multivariate analysis, factors associated with clinical malaria included non-use of bed net (aOR=2.65; 95% CI =1.58 - 4.45), non-use of other preventive measures (aOR=2.51; 95% CI=1.53 - 4.11) and indoor sleeping (aOR=3.22; 95%CI =1.66- 6.23). Protective factors included age of 15-19 years (aOR=0.38; 95% CI 0.23 - 0.62), absence of stagnant water around the house (aOR=0.27; 95% CI=0.16 - 0.44), having a female as head of household (aOR=0.47; 95% CI=0.25 - 0.90), occupation such as apprentice (OR=0.24; 95%CI=0.11 - 0.52).Conclusions: The study revealed that environmental factors and non-use of malaria preventive measures are the main determinant of malaria transmission among adolescents living in areas with persisting malaria transmission in Senegal. Strategies aiming at improving disease awareness and access to health care interventions such as LLIN are thus needed to improve malaria control and prevention among these vulnerable groups.
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- 2021
10. Malaria-associated risk factors among adolescents living in areas with persistent transmission in Senegal: a case-control study
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Fassiatou Tairou, Abdoulaye Diallo, Ousmane Sy, Aminatou Kone, Isaac Akhenaton Manga, Khadim Sylla, Souleye Lelo, Cheikh Binetou Fall, Doudou Sow, Magatte Ndiaye, Babacar Faye, and Roger C. K. Tine
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Insecticides ,Infectious Diseases ,Adolescent ,Risk Factors ,Case-Control Studies ,Humans ,Parasitology ,Female ,Insecticide-Treated Bednets ,Child ,Senegal ,Malaria - Abstract
Background In Senegal, malaria morbidity has sharply decreased over these past years. However, malaria epidemiology remains heterogeneous with persistent transmission in the southeastern part of the country and many cases among older children and adolescents. Little is known about factors associated with clinical malaria among this group. A better understanding of malaria transmission among this newly emerging vulnerable group will guide future interventions targeting this population group. This study aimed to identify factors associated with clinical malaria among adolescents in Senegal. Methods A case–control study was conducted from November to December 2020 in four health posts located in the Saraya district. Cases were defined as adolescents (10–19 years) with an uncomplicated malaria episode with fever (temperature > 37.5°) or a history of fever and positive malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Controls were from the same age group, living in the neighbourhood of the case, presenting a negative RDT. A standardized, pre-tested questionnaire was administered to each study participant followed by a home visit to assess the participant's living conditions. Factors associated with clinical malaria were assessed using stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results In total, 492 individuals were recruited (246 cases and 246 controls). In a multivariate analysis, factors associated with clinical malaria included non-use of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.58–4.45), non-use of other preventive measures (aOR = 2.51; 95% CI 1.53–4.11) and indoor sleeping (aOR = 3.22; 95% CI 1.66–6.23). Protective factors included 15–19 years of age (aOR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.23–0.62), absence of stagnant water around the house (aOR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.16–0.44), having a female as head of household (aOR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.25–0.90), occupation such as apprentice (OR = 0.24; 95% CI 0.11–0.52). Conclusions The study revealed that environmental factors and non-use of malaria preventive measures are the main determinants of malaria transmission among adolescents living in areas with persistent malaria transmission in Senegal. Strategies aimed at improving disease awareness and access to healthcare interventions, such as LLINs, are needed to improve malaria control and prevention among these vulnerable groups.
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- 2021
11. Effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention administered in a mass campaign in the Kedougou region of Senegal in 2016: a case-control study
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Isaac Akhenaton Manga, Fassiatou Tairou, Amadou Seck, Ekoue Kouevidjin, Khadime Sylla, Doudou Sow, Alioune Babara Gueye, Mady Ba, Magatte Ndiaye, Roger Clément Kouly Tine, Omar Gaye, Babacar Faye, and Jean Louis Abdourahim Ndiaye
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Medicine (miscellaneous) ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
Background: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (SPAQ) is a malaria prevention strategy recommended since 2012 by the World Health Organization (WHO) for children under 5 years. In Senegal, the scaling up of SMC started in 2013 in the south-eastern regions of the country with an extension of the target to 10 years old children. The scaling up of SMC requires regular evaluation of the strategy as recommended by the WHO. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of SMC. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in some villages of the health districts of Saraya and Kedougou in the Kedougou region from July to December 2016. A case was a sick child, aged 3 months to 10 years, seen in consultation and with a positive malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT). The control was a child of the same age group with a negative RDT and living in the same compound as the case or in a neighbouring compound. Each case was matched with two controls. Exposure to SMC was assessed by interviewing the mothers/caretakers and by checking the SMC administration card. Results: Overall, 492 children, including 164 cases and 328 controls, were recruited in our study. Their mean ages were 5.32 (+/- 2.15) and 4.44 (+/-2.25) years for cases and controls, respectively. The number of boys was higher in both cases (55.49%; CI 95%=47.54-63.24%) and controls (51,22%; CI 95%=45.83-56.58%). Net ownership was 85.80% among cases and 90.85% among controls (p=0,053). The proportion of controls who received SMC was higher than that of cases (98.17% vs 85.98% and p=1.10-7). The protective effectiveness of SMC was 89% (OR= 0.12 (CI 95%=0.04-0.28)). Conclusions: SMC is an effective strategy in the control of malaria in children. Case-control studies are a good approach for monitoring the efficacy of drugs administered during SMC.
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- 2022
12. Identification des gîtes larvaires d’anophèles dans les foyers résiduels de faible transmission du paludisme « hotspots » au centre-ouest du Sénégal
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El-Hadj Bâ, Assane Ndiaye, Ousmane Sy, Jules-Francois Gomis, Gaye O, Badara Cisse, A. Diallo, Lassana Konate, Ibrahima Dia, J.L. Ndiaye, Oumar Faye, and Fassiatou Tairou
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0106 biological sciences ,010602 entomology ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,0302 clinical medicine ,Geography ,Malaria transmission ,Tropical medicine ,medicine ,Forestry ,030212 general & internal medicine ,01 natural sciences ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Dans les districts sanitaires de Mbour, Fatick, Niakhar et Bambey, situes au centre-ouest du Senegal, l’utilisation de mesures de lutte efficaces a fait fortement baisser l’incidence du paludisme qui n’est actuellement sensible que dans des foyers residuels de transmission encore appeles hotspots. Cette etude fait le point sur la place des gites larvaires d’anophele dans la selection des hotspots dans cette partie du Senegal. Les prospections des gites larvaires ont ete faites dans 6 villages hotspots et 4 villages non hotspots. Un prelevement a ete effectue dans chaque point d’eau presentant des larves de moustiques par la methode de dipping et les specimens collectes ont ete identifies au niveau genre. Des parametres complementaires ont ete aussi releves: nom du village et du gite, type de collection, origine de l’eau, turbidite, presence de vegetation, la proximite des habitations, coordonnees geographiques, dimensions. Au total soixantedeux stations ont ete prospectees et surveillees entre 2013 et 2014. Les gites naturels temporaires ont ete predominants quel que soit le statut epidemiologique du village. Sur les 31 gites situes a moins de 500 metres des habitations dans les villages hotspots, 70 % etaient positifs en larves d’anopheles en milieu de saison des pluies alors que 43 % des 21 gites situes a des distances similaires dans les villages non hotspots etaient positifs pendant la meme periode (P=0,042
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- 2016
13. Étude de l’acceptabilité de l’aspersion intradomiciliaire d’insecticide à effet rémanent dans le centre-ouest du Sénégal
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A. Diallo, Lassana Konate, Elhadji Ba, Oumar Faye, Gaye O, Fassiatou Tairou, Paul Milligan, Jules-Francois Gomis, Ousmane Sy, Badara Cisse, and J.L. Ndiaye
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Political science ,Tropical medicine ,medicine ,Humanities ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Resume La regression de l’endemie palustre constatee dans certaines zones au centre du Senegal laisse entrevoir l’espoir d’une elimination de cette pathologie qui constitue un lourd fardeau en termes de morbidite et de mortalite. En effet dans les districts de Mbour, Fatick, Niakhar et Bambey, situes au centre-ouest du Senegal, le paludisme evolue en foyers de transmissions residuelles (hot spots) suite aux efforts de lutte realises ces dernieres annees. Le but de cet essai d’elimination est de mener une lutte intensifiee et ciblee sur les hot spots en utilisant des strategies a efficacite prouvee a savoir l’aspersion intradomiciliaire (AID) d’insecticide a effet remanent et la chimio prevention. L’AID est une intervention tres lourde dans sa mise en oeuvre et necessite une grande adhesion des populations. Apres sa mise en oeuvre en aout 2013 au niveau de 4 districts du centre-ouest du Senegal, une enquete d’acceptabilite de l’intervention a ete realisee sur un echantillon aleatoire de 370 menages. Les resultats de cette enquete ont revele une bonne acceptabilite de l’intervention avec 97,8 % des personnes interrogees qui jugent que l’AID est bien et meme excellente pour la communaute. Malgre les desagrements que peuvent engendrer cette activite, notamment la preparation des structures a traiter, 98 % des personnes interrogees estiment ne pas avoir ete perturbees dans leurs activites quotidiennes. Le comportement des applicateurs a ete juge exemplaire et professionnel par 98,6 % de l’echantillon de menages et la quasi-totalite (99,7 %) accepteraient que leurs structures soient traitees a nouveau l’annee suivante. Sur le plan pratique, la pulverisation avec l’Actellic ® 300 CS (pirimiphos-methyl, organophosphore) n’a pas occasionne de problemes majeurs aux populations beneficiaires. Au final, nous avons constate une grande satisfaction de la population des villages traites, en particulier en raison d’une forte reduction des nuisances causees par les insectes.
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- 2015
14. Reduction in Neural-Tube Defects after Folic Acid Fortification in Canada
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Theophile Niyonsenga, M. I. Van Allen, P. De Wals, Soo Hong Uh, Pamela Zimmer, Nora Lee, R.B. Lowry, M.C. Van den Hof, Fassiatou Tairou, Bridget A. Fernandez, John Evans, Barbara Sibbald, and Marian Crowley
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Vitamin ,Canada ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fortification ,Encephalocele ,Reduction (complexity) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Folic Acid ,Animal science ,Anencephaly ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Neural Tube Defects ,Food science ,Neural tube defect ,Spina bifida ,business.industry ,Food fortification ,Infant, Newborn ,Neural tube ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Folic acid fortification ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Food, Fortified ,Vitamin B Complex ,business - Abstract
In 1998, folic acid fortification of a large variety of cereal products became mandatory in Canada, a country where the prevalence of neural-tube defects was historically higher in the eastern provinces than in the western provinces. We assessed changes in the prevalence of neural-tube defects in Canada before and after food fortification with folic acid was implemented.The study population included live births, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancies because of fetal anomalies among women residing in seven Canadian provinces from 1993 to 2002. On the basis of published results of testing of red-cell folate levels, the study period was divided into prefortification, partial-fortification, and full-fortification periods. We evaluated the relationship between baseline rates of neural-tube defects in each province and the magnitude of the decrease after fortification was implemented.A total of 2446 subjects with neural-tube defects were recorded among 1.9 million births. The prevalence of neural-tube defects decreased from 1.58 per 1000 births before fortification to 0.86 per 1000 births during the full-fortification period, a 46% reduction (95% confidence interval, 40 to 51). The magnitude of the decrease was proportional to the prefortification baseline rate in each province, and geographical differences almost disappeared after fortification began. The observed reduction in rate was greater for spina bifida (a decrease of 53%) than for anencephaly and encephalocele (decreases of 38% and 31%, respectively).Food fortification with folic acid was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of neural-tube defects in Canada. The decrease was greatest in areas in which the baseline rate was high.
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- 2007
15. Spina bifida before and after folic acid fortification in Canada
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Nora S. Lee, Margot I. Van Allen, Barbara Sibbald, Philippe De Wals, Pamela Zimmer, Michiel C. Van den Hof, Fassiatou Tairou, Theophile Niyonsenga, R. Brian Lowry, Marian Crowley, Jane A. Evans, Soo-Hong Uh, Bridget A. Fernandez, De Wals, P, Tairou, F, Van Allen, MI, Lowry, RB, Evans, Jamie, Van Den Hof, MC, Crowley, M, Uh, SH, Zimmer, P, Sibbald, B, Fernandez, Pablo Barrio, Lee, KH, and Niyonsenga, Theophile
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Male ,Canada ,Embryology ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,Fortification ,Folic Acid ,Pregnancy ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Spinal Dysraphism ,Retrospective Studies ,Fetus ,Neural tube defect ,Spina bifida ,business.industry ,Retrospective cohort study ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,fortification ,food ,folic acid ,spina bifida ,neural tube defect ,program evaluation ,Folic acid ,Food, Fortified ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Population study ,Female ,business ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
BACKGROUND: In 1998, fortification of a large variety of cereal products with folic acid became mandatory in Canada. A multicentric study was carried out to assess the impact of this policy on the frequency of NTDs. The present analysis focused on spina bifida. METHODS: The study population included approximately 2 million livebirths, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancies because of fetal anomalies among women residing in seven Canadian provinces, from 1993 to 2002. Spina bifida cases were divided according to the upper limit of the defect: upper (cranial, cervical, or thoracic) and lower (lumbar or sacral) defects. Based on published results of red blood cell folate tests, the study period was divided into prefortification, partial fortification, and full fortification periods. RESULTS: A total of 1,286 spina bifida cases were identified: 51% livebirths, 3% stillbirths, and 46% terminations. Prevalence decreased from 0.86/1,000 in the prefortification to 0.40 in the full fortification period, while the proportion of upper defects decreased from 32% to 13%. Following fortification, regional variations in the prevalence and distribution of sites almost disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: Results confirmed the etiologic heterogeneity of spina bifida and the more pronounced effect of folic acid in decreasing the risk of the more severe clinical presentations. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 2008
16. Impact of folic acid food fortification on the birth prevalence of lipomyelomeningocele in Canada
- Author
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Margot I. Van Allen, Pamela Zimmer, Barbara Sibbald, Philippe De Wals, Bridget A. Fernandez, Jane A. Evans, Soo Hong Uh, Michiel C. Van den Hof, Nora S. Lee, Fassiatou Tairou, Theophile Niyonsenga, R. Brian Lowry, Marian Crowley, De Wals, Phillipe, Van Allen, Margo I, Lowry, Brian R, Evans, Jamie, Van Den Hof, Michiel C, Crowley, Marian, Tairou, Fassiatou, Uh, Soo-Hong, Sibbald, Barbara, Zimmer, Pamela, Fernandez, Bridget, Lee, Nora S, and Niyonsenga, Theophile
- Subjects
Male ,Embryology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Canada ,Meningomyelocele ,Fortification ,Prevalence ,Fetal anomaly ,Folic Acid ,Medicine ,Humans ,business.industry ,Food fortification ,Infant, Newborn ,General Medicine ,Surgery ,Study heterogeneity ,Folic acid ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Food, Fortified ,Etiology ,Population study ,Female ,business ,Developmental Biology ,Demography ,folic acid ,food fortification ,lipoma ,myelocele - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent studies reported no reduction in the frequency of lipomeningomyelocele (LMMC) in Hawaii and Nova Scotia after the implementation of a folic acid food fortification policy in 1998, while a marked reduction in the prevalence of other NTDs was observed. This study was performed to assess the prevalence of LMMC in Canada in relation to the timing of food fortification. METHODS: The study population included livebirths, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancies because of fetal anomaly to women residing in seven Canadian provinces, from 1993 to 2002. In each province, the ascertainment of NTD cases relied on multiple sources, and in addition all medical charts were reviewed. The study period was divided into pre-, partial, and full fortification periods, based on results of red cell folate tests published in the literature. RESULTS: A total of 86 LMMC cases were recorded among approximately 1.9 million live births. The average birth prevalence rate was 0.05/1,000, ranging from a minimum of 0.01/1,000 in 2002 to a maximum of 0.08/1,000 in 1999. There was statistical heterogeneity between years (p = .01), but no pattern compatible with a decrease following fortification. Comparing the full fortification period with the prefortification period, there was a slight but not statistically significant decrease in LMMC birth prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: LMMC seems to be pathogenically distinct from myelomeningocele and more studies are needed to understand the embryologic mechanisms leading to this condition, and the environmental and genetic factors involved in its etiology. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 2007
17. Validity of death and stillbirth certificates and hospital discharge summaries for the identification of neural tube defects in Quebec City
- Author
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Fassiatou, Tairou, Philippe, De Wals, and Adrien, Bastide
- Subjects
Medical Records Systems, Computerized ,Quebec ,Reproducibility of Results ,Abortion, Induced ,Stillbirth ,Death Certificates ,Patient Discharge ,Fetal Diseases ,International Classification of Diseases ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Pregnancy ,Birth Certificates ,Prenatal Diagnosis ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Female ,Forms and Records Control ,Neural Tube Defects - Abstract
The objectives of this study were 1) to assess the validity of different databases which identify neural tube defect (NTD) cases in the population, and 2) to examine the temporal trends in NTD rates and the impact of prenatal diagnoses among pregnancies referred to a tertiary care hospital in Quebec City, Canada, from 1993 to 2002. Infant death and stillbirth certificates were a highly reliable source for ascertaining NTD cases, but their overall sensitivity was poor (13 percent). Med-Echo had very good sensitivity (92 percent), but there were many coding errors in the database and some diagnostic categories were not specific for NTD. The average NTD prevalence proportion was 6.5/1,000 births during the entire study period, decreasing from 12.2/1,000 in 1993 to 3.9/1,000 in 2002. Overall, 78.6 percent of NTD cases were diagnosed prenatally and the pregnancy was terminated in 52.6 percent of these. These two proportions were stable over the study years. To conclude, the combination of hospital discharge summaries and infant death and stillbirth certificates is a highly sensitive method for the ascertainment of NTD cases, including terminations of pregnancies, but medical records must be reviewed to exclude coding errors and to clarify unspecific diagnostic categories.
- Published
- 2007
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