20 results on '"Fat embolus"'
Search Results
2. Fat embolism in the popliteal vein detected on CT: Case report and review of the literature
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Emad Allam, Tucker v R. Burr, Vasilios Vasilopoulos, Hamza Chaudhry, and Cheryl Zhang
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lcsh:Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,IVC filter ,lcsh:R895-920 ,Ivc filter ,Case Report ,Fat embolus ,Trauma ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Popliteal vein ,Fat embolism ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,cardiovascular diseases ,Vein ,business.industry ,Femoral fracture ,medicine.disease ,nervous system diseases ,Peripheral ,body regions ,Fracture ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,cardiovascular system ,Radiology ,Ct imaging ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,CT - Abstract
Fat emboli are a common phenomenon, but are rarely detected or reported on extremity CT imaging. We present a case of fat embolus in the popliteal vein in the setting of a femoral fracture. This is the most distal fat embolus described in the literature. There are no guidelines regarding intervention if a fat embolus is detected in a peripheral vein on CT. A review of all the previous cases of peripheral fat emboli is presented for reference.
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- 2020
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3. When the fat hits the brain—salvage STA–MCA bypass for an intracranial ICA occlusion due to a fat embolus
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Marcus A. Stoodley, Anna Lo Presti, Michael J. Mulcahy, and Jorn Van Der Veken
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Short Report ,Fat embolus ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Occlusion ,medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,neurosurgery ,Fat embolism ,Stroke ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,business.industry ,Mitral valve replacement ,medicine.disease ,stroke ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Cardiology ,cardiovascular system ,Ica occlusion ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neurosurgery ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Artery - Abstract
BackgroundLarge fat embolus is a rare but potential reversible cause of ischaemic stroke.Methods and resultsWe describe the neurosurgical management of a complete right internal carotid artery occlusion due to a large fat embolus, caused by a mitral valve replacement.ConclusionKnowledge of acute cerebral ischaemia due to large fat embolism and its hallmark ‘hypodense artery’ is mandatory. Extracranial to intracranial bypass is a feasible rescue treatment after failure of endovascular embolectomy.
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- 2020
4. A Rare Case of Fat Embolism Syndrome Masquerading as COVID-19 Pneumonia.
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Faizi Z, Kim DW, Humayun A, Batool A, and Ratnasekera A
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In the wake of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated mortality and virulence, a high clinical suspicion must be maintained for all patients presenting with respiratory failure. However, there are well-known disease processes that may have a similar presentation. We present a case of a 25-year-old male who suffered a right tibia fracture after a motor vehicle collision. He had acute hypoxic respiratory failure within 24 hours of admission, requiring mechanical ventilation. His condition significantly improved with airway pressure release mode of ventilation and proning. Although his chest CT demonstrated characteristic findings of COVID-19, he subsequently tested negative. The differential included aspiration pneumonia and fat embolism syndrome from the lower extremity fracture. Fat embolism syndrome can very closely mimic COVID-19. The rapid onset and improvement of symptoms coupled with serial negative COVID-19 testing may aid in the diagnosis., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Faizi et al.)
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- 2022
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5. Imaging and histological findings of fat embolism in the vena cava
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Carolina da Silva Andriotti, Vladimir Vasconcelos, Marcelo Reicher, Fausto Miranda Junior, and Jorge Eduardo de Amorim
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Vena cava ,business.industry ,Inferior vena cava filter ,Fat embolus ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Pulmonary embolism ,Respiratory failure ,Left femoral vein ,cardiovascular system ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine ,Surgery ,cardiovascular diseases ,Radiology ,Venous thrombectomy ,Fat embolism ,business - Abstract
We describe an unusual case of a post-traumatic fat embolism in the vena cava and left femoral vein identified on CT before the onset of fat embolism syndrome. The patient was successfully treated by insertion of a vena cava filter and venous thrombectomy. This is the first occurrence of early identification of a large fat embolus allowing its extraction before occurrence of severe respiratory failure.
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- 2015
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6. Sildenafil Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension Following Fat Embolism in an Anaesthetised Rat Model
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Jepegnanam T, McNaughton A, Mark Walton, Jean-Claude Theis, and Gerard Davis
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Medullary cavity ,Sildenafil ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Fat Embolus ,medicine.disease ,Pulmonary hypertension ,respiratory tract diseases ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Anesthesia ,medicine.artery ,Pulmonary artery ,medicine ,Bone marrow ,Fat embolism ,business ,Saline ,Perfusion ,Pulmonary Artery Pressure - Abstract
Release of fat and bone marrow during medullary pressurisation leads to fat embolism and pulmonary hypertension resulting in serious cardiorespiratory complications.This study aimed to determine whether pre-treatment with the phosphodiesterase type 5-inhibitor, Sildenafil, prevents pulmonaryartery hypertension in an animal model. The animals either received Sildenafil (5 mg kg-1) or saline intra peritoneally 15 minutes prior to medullary pressurisation with bonecement. Cardiovascular parameters were recorded throughout the procedure. At the end radiopaque contrast was injected into thepulmonary circulation; the lungs were then harvested and imaged using micro CT. Medullary pressurisation in the control animals caused pulmonary hypertension and systemic hypotension. This was associated with a decrease in the area of perfusion of the lungs. These changes were attenuated by pretreatment with Sildenafil. We conclude that in this animal model fat embolism causes similar cardiovascular changes as observed in clinical practice and pretreatment with Sildenafil attenuates these effects.
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- 2014
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7. Fat embolism syndrome: Experience from an Australian trauma centre.
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A, Kirk, J, Elliott, D, Varma, and LA, Kimmel
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Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) is a rare condition where circulating fat emboli can lead to life threatening multisystem dysfunction. Diagnosis of FES occurs mainly by exclusion. The aim of this study was to describe the injury, event details, and factors associated with the diagnosis of FES following trauma presenting to a Level 1 Trauma Centre in Melbourne, Australia. Medical records of all patients with a complication of FES between 2006 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, injury factors, hospital event details, radiological procedures and length of stay were collected. Thirty six patients, with median age of 26 years (IQR 19, 42) and median Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 18.5 (IQR 10, 27) were diagnosed with FES. Other associated factors included male gender (86%) and having one or more long bone fractures (97%). Of the major FES diagnostic criteria, 94% of patients experienced hypoxia, 36% had mental status changes, whereas only 11% had petechiae. Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiogram (CTPA) was performed on 19 patients (53%) with all being negative for pulmonary embolus. Most demonstrated ground glass opacity (58%), and FES was reported as the likely cause of patient presentation in 53% of cases. FES following trauma was rare, with its diagnosis based on clinical factors including long bone fracture and hypoxia, and the exclusion of other respiratory diagnoses. CTPA was frequently used since 2008 and further research is warranted to determine if this radiological procedure can assist with more definitive diagnosis of FES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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8. Case 199: Aggressive Angiomyolipoma with Renal Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Fat Embolus
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Gail Yarmish and Jason DiPoce
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Venous Thrombosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Angiomyolipoma ,business.industry ,Renal vein thrombosis ,Contrast Media ,Embolism, Fat ,Fat embolus ,Liposarcoma ,medicine.disease ,Kidney Neoplasms ,Renal Veins ,Creatinine ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiology ,Pulmonary Embolism ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Aged ,Ultrasonography - Abstract
There is considerable overlap between the imaging appearance of large exophytic angiomyolipoma and perirenal liposarcoma.
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- 2013
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9. A quadrigeminal dermoid cyst with concurrent necrotizing granulomatous leukoencephalomyelitis in a Yorkshire Terrier dog
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Adam Gow, Philippa M. Beard, and Elizabeth Munro
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fat embolus ,White matter ,Dogs ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Leukoencephalopathies ,medicine ,Animals ,Dog Diseases ,Dermoid Cyst ,Inflammation ,Yorkshire Terrier ,Granuloma ,General Veterinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Spinal cord ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Dermoid cyst ,Frontal lobe ,Female ,business - Abstract
A 2-year-old female Yorkshire Terrier dog presented with neurological deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an 8 mm in diameter mass centered left of midline arising from the quadrigeminal cistern, with a fatty or proteinaceous content. A further fat signal intensity focus was present in the tip of the temporal horn of the right lateral ventricle, in keeping with a “floating” fat embolus within the cerebrospinal fluid. A ruptured dermoid cyst was diagnosed. Within the frontal lobe on both sides were ill-defined and extensive high T2 signal areas, with mass effect within the white matter, and asymmetrical contrast enhancement following intravenous injection of gadolinium. Postmortem gross and histological examination confirmed the mass in the quadrigeminal cistern to be a dermoid cyst. In addition, severe multifocal necrotizing granulomatous leukoencephalomyelitis was found in the corona radiata and spinal cord. The relationship between these 2 pathologies is discussed.
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- 2011
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10. (iii) Intramedullary nailing: The case for reaming
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Charles M Court-Brown and Heather S Reid
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medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Fat embolus ,Surgery ,law.invention ,Intramedullary rod ,law ,medicine ,Nail (fastener) ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,In patient ,Tibia ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,business - Abstract
Intramedullary reaming was introduced by Gerhard Kiintscher 1 to allow the insertion of large-diameter intramedullary nails. His initial nails had no interlocking facility and it was only by reaming the endosteal cortex into a tube that an intramedullary nail could obtain purchase on a sufficient length of cortex to successfully stabilize a fracture. There is no doubt that Kfintscher found reaming to be very useful, but he did recognize that the technique had potential drawbacks and he advised against nailing in the presence of fat embolus. He also advocated care if intramedullary nailing was used in the multiply injured patient or in patients who had severe soft-tissue injuries. Traditional unlocked Kiintscher nailing was found to be a very useful technique in the management of femoral fractures but was of less value in the tibia because the morphological characteristics of many tibial fractures meant that an unlocked nail could not adequately stabilize the fracture. The introduction of locked nails, however, following the work of Klemm and Schellmann and Grosse and Kempf, meant that virtually all femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures could be stabilized using intramedullary techniques and the technique of interlocking nailing has become routine in the management of these fractures. It is interesting to note that initially the division between reamed and unreamed 'nailers' was geographic. Europe tended to follow the teachings of Kfintscher and therefore used reamed nails, whereas surgeons in the USA were influenced by the work of
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- 1999
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11. Musculoskeletal Trauma: Implications for Critical Care Nursing Practice
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Sharon A. Childs
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,Nursing assessment ,Fat embolus ,Critical Care Nursing ,medicine.disease ,Intervention (counseling) ,Critical care nursing ,Emergency medicine ,Musculoskeletal injury ,Medicine ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Nursing process ,Musculoskeletal trauma - Abstract
The majority of trauma patients experience significant musculoskeletal injury (MSI). The patient who has developed complications related to orthopaedic trauma--such as compartment syndrome, fat embolus syndrome, and crush injury--requires astute nursing assessment. A thorough understanding of trauma pathophysiology and the pathogenesis of MSI pain will assist the nursing practitioner to anticipate physiologic needs, allowing a greater range of nursing process intervention.
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- 1994
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12. Evaluation of the risk of systemic fat mobilization and fat embolus following liposuction with dry and tumescent technique: an experimental study on rats
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Nese Lortlar, G. Erten, Dursun Atakul, Dilek Senen, and Bülent Erdoğan
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Embolism ,Fat embolus ,Embolism, Fat ,Risk Assessment ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Random Allocation ,Lipectomy ,Reference Values ,Medicine ,Animals ,Probability ,Skin ,Mobilization ,business.industry ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,Immunohistochemistry ,Surgery ,Rats ,Plastic surgery ,Disease Models, Animal ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Adipose Tissue ,Intracranial Embolism ,Liver ,Liposuction ,Female ,business ,Pulmonary Embolism - Abstract
Clinical studies have revealed that liposuction causes systemic fat mobilization. However, the degree of the risk it causes is not clear. In this study we investigated the risk of systemic fat mobilization and fat embolus in rats following liposuction using dry and tumescent techniques.At the end of the procedures, the rats were sacrificed and specimens were obtained from the lungs, kidneys, liver, brain, and skin. Histological examinations of the specimens were carried out. Liposuction was not performed in the control group (n = 8), but blood and tissue specimens for histological examinations were obtained.We found signs of fat embolus in both blood specimens and histological examinations of tissue samples in the study groups. However, the results of the examinations were normal in the control group. Although there were no fat particles in the blood before liposuction, blood specimens obtained following the procedures and in the long-term had fat particles.
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- 2009
13. Pulmonal fedtemboli hos traumepatient
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Rudolph, Søren F., Hansen, Nikolaj Friis, Edström, Birgitte, Rudolph, Søren F., Hansen, Nikolaj Friis, and Edström, Birgitte
- Abstract
Vi præsenterer en traumepatient der efter initial stabilisering udvikler hurtigt progredierende Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Udgivelsesdato: 2007, We present a case of rapidly progressive ARDS and cardiovasculary collapse in a trauma patient due to PFE with no symptoms of right sided heart failure.
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- 2007
14. Renal Angiomyolipoma With Nontraumatic Pulmonary Fat Embolus
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Jeffrey M. Pugsley, Lee M. Mitsumori, and Claire K. Sandstrom
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Angiomyolipoma ,business.industry ,Fat embolus ,General Medicine ,Pulmonary Artery ,medicine.disease ,Vascular Neoplasms ,Radiography ,PULMONARY EMBOLUS ,Humans ,Medicine ,Kidney Diseases ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiology ,Pulmonary Embolism ,business ,Renal angiomyolipoma - Published
- 2009
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15. A Benign Renal Angiomyolipoma With Asymptomatic Pulmonary Fat Embolus
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Theodore Maniatis, Rabih Maroun, Kassem Harris, and Elie Hatem
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung ,business.industry ,Fat embolus ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Asymptomatic ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Radiology ,Fat embolism ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Renal angiomyolipoma - Published
- 2012
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16. Fat embolus in femur fractures: a comparison of two reaming systems
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Volgas, David A., Burch, Tommy, Stannard, James P., Ellis, Truitt, Bilotta, Jessica, and Alonso, Jorge E.
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FAT embolism , *FEMUR injuries , *TREATMENT of fractures , *REAMING , *CLINICAL trials , *TRAUMA centers - Abstract
Abstract: Objective: To measure the amount of fat presented to the right heart during reaming and nail placement using two different reamer systems. Design: Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Setting: University-based Level I Trauma Center. Patients: 20 patients with femur fractures. Intervention: Patients with femur fractures were treated with intramedullary nailing using either reamer-irrigator-aspirator or a conventional reamer. Main Outcome Measure: four-chamber trans-esophageal echocardiogram was used to quantify the amount of fat presented to the right atrium. Results: There were 2 female and 18 male patients enrolled, 10 in each group. There was no significant difference (p=0.10) between reaming systems on the opening reamer, which was expected since both trial limbs used the same opening reamer. However, during the first pass of the reamer, the RIA showed a nearly-significant decrease in the volume of fat in the right atrium (p=0.06). During passage of the nail, there was a significant difference with Group B having less fat embolus than Group A (p=0.01). The power of this study is 0.81. The mean ISS was not significantly different between the two groups, nor was the sex, age or race. There was one death from cardiac complications in a patient who showed no fat during any phase of the procedure. This patient had significant mitral and aortic regurgitation pre-operatively. There was one patient with clinical fat embolism syndrome and one patient with a nonunion. Conclusions: There is a statistically significant difference in the amount of fat presented to the lungs using a RIA versus conventional reamer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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17. Bilateral total hip-replacement arthroplasty in one stage
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P Lachiewicz, P Hughes, and Eduardo A. Salvati
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Total hip replacement ,One stage ,Fat embolus ,General Medicine ,Arthroplasty ,Surgery ,Blood loss ,Anesthesia ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,business - Abstract
We reviewed 122 single-stage bilateral total hip replacements as compared with two other regimens: bilateral total hip replacement performed in stages during the same hospitalization and during separate hospitalizations. When compared with the single procedures, the duration of surgery in the one-stage procedure was not quite doubled while the blood loss was increased by about one-third and the length of stay by about one week. However, the total length of stay in the hospital was reduced by about one-half in comparison with single-admission two-stage replacements and the incidence of local and systemic complications was similar for all three groups, as were the clinical and roentgenographic results. There was one death in the single-stage group due to massive fat embolus.
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- 1978
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18. Priapism associated with the use of intravenous fat emulsion: case reports and postulated pathogenesis
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Eric A. Klein, Ezra Steiger, and Drogo K. Montague
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fat Emulsions, Intravenous ,Time Factors ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Urology ,Priapism ,Infarction ,Fat embolus ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Fat emulsion ,Surgery ,Pathogenesis ,Self Care ,Regimen ,Parenteral nutrition ,medicine ,Humans ,Parenteral Nutrition, Total ,business ,Complication - Abstract
During the 8 years since inception of a home total parenteral nutrition program in 35 male patients 2 suffered priapism related temporally to the weekly intravenous infusion of 20 per cent fat emulsion. Fat emulsions have been shown to cause hypercoagulability, capillary thrombosis and fat embolus in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Autopsies of patients treated with intravenous fat emulsion have revealed capillary engorgement and fat embolus with associated organ infarction. We postulate that fat emulsions may cause priapism in these patients. Because of the more frequent occurrence of priapism in this small subset of patients we now recommend that 1) patients be informed of this potential complication before hyperalimentation is begun, 2) the less concentrated 10 per cent emulsion should be used twice weekly, rather than the 20 per cent emulsion weekly, and should be infused during at least 4 hours, and 3) the fat emulsion should be added to other components of the intravenous regimen, when possible, to dilute the fat and prolong its administration time.
- Published
- 1985
19. THE EFFECT OF SHOCK AND FAT EMBOLUS ON PULMONARY MECHANICS AND GAS EXCHANGE
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Christian Derks and Richard R.M. Peters
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Cardiac output ,business.industry ,Liter ,Fat embolus ,Respiratory physiology ,Compliance (physiology) ,Oleic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Shock (circulatory) ,Anesthesia ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Respiratory system ,business - Abstract
Four groups of dogs were studied; a control group, a group which had an i.v. injection of 0.035 milliliter/kg of oleic acid; a group subjected to moderate shock for one hr; and a group that was subjected to a combination of moderate shock and i.v. injection of 0.035 milliliter/kg of oleic acid. Prior to injury and every 30 min for 2 hr, followed by every one hr for 4 hr, lung mechanics, respiratory work, shunt fraction, and cardiac output were determined. These studies were repeated on days 1 and 2 after injury. The arterial pO2 values were not significantly different in the control and experimental groups on any studies during the experimental day. On day 3, arterial pO2 values were significantly depressed in both the oleic and the shock plus oleic acid groups. The shunt fraction was significantly elevated only on the final determination in the oleic acid and shock group. Compliance fell and respiratory work increased in all experimental groups but were unchanged in the control group. The dogs that suffered the combined insults of oleic acid injection and shock showed a more profound fall in compliance than did those in the other experimental groups. These findings point to the greater sensitivity of measurements of respiratory mechanics than blood gas studies in indicating early changes in lung function. They also suggest that shock aggravates the injury to the lungs when produced by injection of fatty acids.
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- 1975
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20. Survival After Repeat Pulmonary Fat Embolus
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Albert B. Lowenfels and Robert Barbieri
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Supine position ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Embolism, Fat ,Fat embolus ,Embolic Agent ,Dogs ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Animals ,Embolization ,Mortality ,Paraplegia ,Aorta ,Kidney ,Lung ,business.industry ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ventricle ,Anesthesia ,cardiovascular system ,Pulmonary Embolism ,business ,Oils - Abstract
MANY types of acute pulmonary emboli occur and have attracted widespread clinical and experimental attention. Less work has been done relating to recurrent pulmonary embolism, an unfortunately common clinical experience. The following experiment was designed to discover the effect of a sublethal pulmonary embolus on subsequent embolization. Method Adult mongrel dogs weighing between 11 and 20 kg were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and placed in the supine position. Olive oil, USP, in dosage of 1.5 cc/kg was used as the final embolic agent in all animals. This was injected intravenously at the rate of 3 cc/min. Systemic arterial and right ventricular pressures were measured using strain gauges and an electronic recorder. Plastic catheters for this purpose were inserted into the aorta and the right ventricle from the femoral vessels. Any animal living 48 hours or longer was counted as a survivor. Sections were taken from the lung, kidney, and in
- Published
- 1966
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