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The efficiency of Independent Component Analysis ($\rm ICA$) algorithms relies heavily on the choice of objective function and optimization algorithms. The design of objective functions for $\rm ICA$ algorithms necessitate a foundation built upon specific dependence criteria. This paper will investigate a general class of dependency criteria based on the copula density function. One of the aims of this study is to characterize the independence between two random variables and investigate their properties. Additionally, this paper introduces a novel algorithm for $\rm ICA$ based on estimators derived from the proposed criteria. To compare the performance of the proposed algorithm against existing methods, a Monte Carlo simulation-based approach was employed. The results of this simulation revealed significant improvements in the algorithm's outputs. Finally, the algorithm was tested on a batch of time series data related to the international tourism receipts index. It served as a pre-processing procedure within a hybrid clustering algorithm alongside ${\tt PAM}$. The obtained results demonstrated that the utilization of this algorithm led to improved performance in clustering countries based on their international tourism receipts index.

Surface passivation on precipitated Ti-containing multi-principal element Alloys (MPEA) is studied in saline solutions with different concentrations and different temperatures. The selected system alloy is Al2Ti5Fe53Ni35Cu5 at.% which has been solution heat treated at 530 °C for 3h (CONFIG 2) and for 10h (CONFIG 3) from the as-received configuration (CONFIG 1). The potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) test specifies that the corrosion resistance of aged Ti-containing alloys decreases as a function of aging time, while the as-received configuration reflects a nobler behavior. Microcapillary technique supports these findings by probing FCC grain passivity at the microscale level aiming at the core of the grain. Local PDP reveals that the potential of CONFIG 1 grain is sensitive to the chloride concentrations whereas it is almost independent in the remaining configurations suggesting that the weakest link is elsewhere. Profilometer analysis shows that microgalvanic processes take place between grains and boundaries having both anode- and cathode-like behavior interchangeably.

Abstract Background and objectives Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is one of the main retrograde filling materials that is used today as a root end filling material and perforation repair material. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antibacterial and antifungal properties of four types of bio-ceramic materials, AGM MTA, Ortho MTA, Pro root MTA and Cem cement for oral and dental health. Methods In this study, the antibacterial activity of four types of bio-ceramic materials against two bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATTC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATTC 35318) and antifungal activity against Candida albicans (ATTC 10231) were investigated using the well diffusion method. Results In the context of the relationship between the type of microorganism and the diameter of the growth inhibitory zone for each type of bio-ceramic material, there was no significant difference for Enterococcus faecalis, and a significant difference was observed for Escherichia coli and Candida albicans (p

ABSTRACT Background and Aims The health information management department faces multiple challenges such as multiple tasks, high workload, role ambiguity and conflict, and work pressure. In addition, informatics and health information technology tools are continuously used in this sector. Based on studies, the use of information technology affects job burnout and job satisfaction. Since no similar study has been conducted in the health information management department, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between job skills, job burnout, and job satisfaction in health information management departments. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, the sample consisted of 201 personnel from the health information management department. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the participants. Data was gathered by using a questionnaire and visiting the selected hospitals in Kerman and Zahedan. For data analysis, SPSS 20 and SmartPLS 3 were used. PLS path models are fundamentally composed of the measurement and the structural model. To evaluate the measurement model, the formative measurement model tests were evaluated. Also, the hypotheses test, VIF, and CV‐Red tests were used to evaluate the structural model. Then, the evaluation of the quality and suitability of the model was evaluated with the model fit test. Results The results showed that positive and significant job skills were associated with job satisfaction and a negative and significant relationship with job burnout. Also, job burnout does not play an intermediary in this context. In addition, the CV‐RED values for all three variables were the moderate range. The SRMR value of 0.120, which is in the medium to high range, indicates an adequate fit of the model. Conclusion These findings provide useful information for decision‐makers and human resource managers in the health sector and suggest practical strategies for reducing job burnout and increasing job satisfaction among health information management staff.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer death in U.S. women. The tumor microenvironment, especially nearby adipocytes, plays a crucial role in its progression. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells-derived conditioned medium (SUP) and extract (CE) from on breast cancer cells. Methods: Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and characterized by flow cytometry using Cluster of Differentiation (CD) markers (CD34, CD45, CD90, and CD105). The differentiation potential was confirmed via adipogenic and osteogenic induction. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with SUP and CE, and cell viability was assessed using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay at 24, 48, and 72 h. Doubling time, colony formation, wound healing, and gene expression for key cancer-related genes ( TIMP1 , TIMP2 , MMP2 , PDL1 , IDO , Bax , caspase 3, and caspase 9) were also evaluated. Results: Both SUP and CE significantly inhibited the viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, reduced their doubling time, and suppressed colony formation. In wound healing assays, cell migration was notably impaired in MDA-MB-231 cells but less so in MCF-7 cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed downregulation of TIMP1, MMP2, PDL1, and IDO in MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment, while CE increased certain gene expressions in MCF-7 cells. Bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9 expressions were significantly upregulated in MDA-MB-231 cells but not in MCF-7 cells after treatment. Conclusion: Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived SUP and CE exhibit antitumor effects on breast cancer cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress tumor progression. Mesenchymal stem cells-SUP and CE could be a safe and novel regenerative approach for breast reconstruction postmastectomy without tumor recurrence risk.

Abstract Background Fetal movement monitoring is one of the strategies used to assess the fetus’s health. Until now, most studies focused on the decreased fetal movement and neonatal outcome, although this systematic review and meta-analysis is designed to assess the association between increased fetal movements (IFM) with perinatal outcomes. Method The electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE were systematically searched for studies investigating the perinatal outcome of women with increased fetal movements from inception to July 2023. Following that, a random-effect meta-analysis model was used to obtain the combined diagnostic and predictive parameters including perinatal mortality (still birth and early neonatal mortality), operative delivery, Apgar score, neonatal resuscitation at birth and NICU Admission. Results After the initial screening, seven studies examining the association between increased third trimester fetal movement and various perinatal outcomes were included. Meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in the risk of cesarean delivery among patients with IFM compared to controls, suggesting a potential protective effect during childbirth. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in birth weight, small or large for gestational age births, neonatal intensive care unit admission, maternal age, umbilical cord around the neck, gestational diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, indicating that IFM may not be a major predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes or maternal conditions. Notably, IFM was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of labor induction. Conclusion The findings suggest that IFM may have a protective effect against cesarean delivery. Additionally, IFM does not appear to be significantly associated with maternal age, umbilical cord around the neck, gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertension. However, the observed significant association with labor induction warrants further investigation.

Introduction: Physiologic edema in the feet can cause discomfort such as pain, muscle cramps and fatigue in the feet when walking and as a result lack of movement and increased probability of thromboembolism in pregnant women. Many non-pharmaceutical methods have been used to improve physiologic edema in pregnancy. None of these methods have been studied in a self-care context. Therefore, the present study was performed with aim to determine and compare the effects of self-care education with effleurage massage, hydrotherapy, and leg elevation on physiologic edema in pregnancy. Methods: The randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted in 2022 on 129 primigravid women who visited the Mahdieh Tehran Health Center. The samples were randomly divided to four groups: hydrotherapy, massage therapy, leg elevation, and control. The data collection tools included a demographic and obstetric questionnaire, investigation of complications and satisfaction from the intervention, observation checklist and examination before and after the intervention, and a non-elastic meter. After collecting information, data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software (version 24) and parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. P

Objective: Voiding Dysfunction (VD) is one of the most common disorders among women, which is characterized by a disorder in urination. Pelvic organ prolapse is one of the factors that can affect VD. In this study, the relationship between prolapse in the anterior, posterior, and apical areas and VD has been evaluated. Materials and methods: This is a cohort retrospective study. The participants in this study were women with VD, who referred to the pelvic floor disorders clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran in 2018-2020. Clinical information was obtained retrospectively from the hospital's electronic data system, also symptoms (intermittent stream, incomplete voiding, poor flow, post void dribble, straining to void, stage anterior, posterior and apical) and urodynamic parameters (including EMG, PVR100, Qmax12, and pdet20) were evaluated, which included detailed questionnaires (Urinary Distress Inventory 6 (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7)), pelvic examination, and complete urodynamic evaluation. Results: There was a direct relationship between the age of the patients and the stage of prolapse (p 100 had a significant relationship with the stage of prolapse in the apical area (p=0.001). Conclusion: Intermittent stream and straining to void were related to the stages of prolapse in the apical and anterior regions. It was also concluded that the greater the prolapse, the higher the value of PVR > 100.

Abstract Objective This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in women with a history of abortion (missed and threatened) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in comparison with healthy pregnancies. Methods Electronic databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for NLR and PLR in women who experienced early pregnancy loss up to January 1, 2023 with a combination of proper keywords. Meta‐analysis was done for comparison with three or more studies and summary estimates were measured. Results A total of 390 citations were retrieved initially, and after screening, 16 articles were deemed eligible for the final review. Among these, 14 studies underwent meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed that the standard mean of the NLR was significantly higher in abortion cases compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the PLR between the pregnancy loss group and the control group. Conclusion NLR was significantly higher among RPL patients compared to the control group, according to these data, NLR may be capable of being used in the diagnosis of RPL as an easy, cheap, and accessible modality. Further studies, which take these variables into account, will need to be undertaken to determine the diagnostic value of NLR and PLR in early pregnancy loss.

Abstract Background Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) has been implicated in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Here we aimed to evaluate the association of PADI4 gene rs11203367 and rs1748033 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with RA proneness. Methods The mRNA expression of PADI4 was determined in the whole blood samples. The genotyping of PADI4 polymorphisms was conducted using allelic discrimination TaqMan genotyping Real-time PCR. Results The alleles and genotypes of rs11203367 polymorphism were not associated with susceptibility to RA risk. The T allele (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.21–2.04, P = 0.0005), TT genotype (OR = 2.79, 95%CI: 1.53–5.06, P = 0.0007), TC genotype (OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.04–2.23, P = 0.0291), dominant (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.19–2.47, P = 0.0034) and recessive (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.25–3.82, P = 0.0057) models of rs1748033 SNP were associated with higher risk of RA. There was a significant upregulation of PADI4 mRNA in the RA patients compared to controls. mRNA expression of PADI4 had significantly positive correlation with anti-CCP level (r = 0.37, P = 0.041), RF level (r = 0.39, P = 0.037), and CRP level (r = 0.39, P = 0.024). Conclusion PADI4 gene rs1748033 SNP was associated with increased RA risk. This polymorphism might affect the RA pathogenesis regardless of impressing the levels of PADI-4 in serum.

Abstract MicroRNAs, as non-coding transcripts, modulate gene expression through RNA silencing under normal physiological conditions. Their aberrant expression has strongly associated with tumorigenesis and cancer development. MiR-20b is one of the crucial miRNAs that regulate essential biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and migration. Deregulated levels of miR-20b contribute to the early- and advanced stages of cancer. On the other hand, investigations emphasize the tumor suppressor ability of miR-20b. High-throughput strategies are developed to identify miR-20b potential targets, providing the proper insight into its molecular mechanism of action. Moreover, accumulated results suggest that miR-20b exerts its effects through diverse signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK axes. Restoration of the altered expression levels of miR-20b induces cell apoptosis and reduces invasion and migration. Further, miR-20b can be used as a biomarker in cancer. The current comprehensive review could lead to a better understanding of the miR-20b in either tumorigenesis or tumor regression that may open new avenues for cancer treatment. Video Abstract

Abstract Background Anxiety disorder is more common in women than men. To some extent, it can be attributed to childbirth and factors related to pregnancy in women. Therefore, it is necessary for mothers to use valid and reliable scale to assess perinatal anxiety, such as the perinatal anxiety screening scale (PASS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the PASS in Persian language. Methods The PASS was translated into Persian (PASS-IR). Generally, 224 women antenatal and 125 postnatal answered the questions of PASS, EPDS-10, BAI and DASS-21 questionnaires. The data was collected in the health centers of Kerman by random sampling method. Finally, content validity, factor analysis, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Results The mean age of the participants was 32.89 years (range between 18 and 45 and SD = 6.23). More than half of the participating were at risk of severe anxiety (53.5%). Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were 0.80 and 0.87. PASS-IR subscales include social anxiety and specific fears, general anxiety and adjustment, acute anxiety and trauma, and perfectionism and control. PASS-IR was significantly correlated with EPDS-10 (rho = 0.42), BAI (rho = 0.53), DASS-21 with three concepts of depression, anxiety and stress (rho = 0.51, rho = 0.49 and rho = 0.49), and adverse life events (rho = 0.30). Conclusion The results of this study show that PASS-IR has good validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used to screen for anxiety disorder among Iranian women in the perinatal stage.

Introduction: Solid waste management became an important environmental issue in the last century. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of people regarding urban waste management in Shahrekord in 2013. Solid waste materials in Shahrekord often include household, commercial, industrial, construction and agricultural waste. These wastes are buried unseparated and a percentage of the waste remains unmanaged. Since there is no recycling factory in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province, many wastes, which have high economic value, are destroyed with indifference. Considering the influential role of urban and provincial managers and planners, with a little reflection and acceptance of the role of community members in the management cycle, many problems related to the next stages of the waste disposal system can be reduced to the minimum possible.Materials and Methods: In order to execute this study, a combined method (field, library and documentary, analytical and descriptive methods) was used. The city was divided into three districts and randomly, 50 questionnaires (n=150) were distributed. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by an expert in the field of waste materials from the medical sciences universities in the country and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha test. Finally, the data obtained from these questionnaires were analyzed using Excel and SPSS version 19 software, aided by descriptive statistics, correlation tests and variance analysis. In order to investigate the effect of gender on the participation rate, independent T-test was used, and the effect of education and age structure on the participation rate was evaluated by ANOVA test.Results: Given a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87, the questions asked in the questionnaires had good validity. The largest number of respondents to the questionnaires were in the age range of 25-40 years old (53.3 percent), and in terms of education, they had associate and bachelors degrees (55.3 percent). Also, 50.7% of the respondents were women and 49.3% were men. The results showed a significant relationship between the level of education of people and their knowledge about solid waste management (chi-square, 0.05). There was no relationship between the awareness of people and their age and gender (chi-square, 0.05). The results of the frequency distribution of people’s responses regarding solid waste showed that approximately 97% of people are fully aware of the difference between dry and wet waste. The mean score of awareness of people in this study was 31.88 ± 0.98 (mean ± SD) of 68 score.Discussion: According to these results, awareness of people in Shahrekord was estimated as medium. These results indicated that in a society with a high level of culture, it is easier to manage solid waste. Therefore, there is a need for planning to change the behavior and attitudes of families and implement programs to increase people’s knowledge based on the social and cultural context of the study area. Therefore, to improve solid waste management, it should be use appropriate educational media to promote public culture in relation to solid waste management.

Background The severity of coronavirus (COVID-19) in patients with chronic comorbidities is much higher than in other patients, which can lead to their death. Machine learning (ML) algorithms as a potential solution for rapid and early clinical evaluation of the severity of the disease can help in allocating and prioritizing resources to reduce mortality. Objective The objective of this study was to predict the mortality risk and length of stay (LoS) of patients with COVID-19 and history of chronic comorbidities using ML algorithms. Methods This retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of COVID-19 patients with a history of chronic comorbidities from March 2020 to January 2021 in Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran. The outcome of patients, hospitalization was recorded as discharge or death. The filtering technique used to score the features and well-known ML algorithms were applied to predict the risk of mortality and LoS of patients. Ensemble Learning methods is also used. To evaluate the performance of the models, different measures including F1, precision, recall, and accuracy were calculated. The TRIPOD guideline assessed transparent reporting. Results This study was performed on 1291 patients, including 900 alive and 391 dead patients. Shortness of breath (53.6%), fever (30.1%), and cough (25.3%) were the three most common symptoms in patients. Diabetes mellitus(DM) (31.3%), hypertension (HTN) (27.3%), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (14.2%) were the three most common chronic comorbidities of patients. Twenty-six important factors were extracted from each patient's record. Gradient boosting model with 84.15% accuracy was the best model for predicting mortality risk and multilayer perceptron (MLP) with rectified linear unit function (MSE = 38.96) was the best model for predicting the LoS. The most common chronic comorbidities among these patients were DM (31.3%), HTN (27.3%), and IHD (14.2%). The most important factors in predicting the risk of mortality were hyperlipidemia, diabetes, asthma, and cancer, and in predicting LoS was shortness of breath. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the use of ML algorithms can be a good tool to predict the risk of mortality and LoS of patients with COVID-19 and chronic comorbidities based on physiological conditions, symptoms, and demographic information of patients. The Gradient boosting and MLP algorithms can quickly identify patients at risk of death or long-term hospitalization and notify physicians to do appropriate interventions.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the maternal and umbilical cord blood antibody levels, after COVID vaccination during pregnancy. Method The women who received the COVID‐19 vaccine (Sinopharm) during pregnancy were included. Maternal and cord blood samples were tested to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor binding domain (RBD) specific antibodies. In addition, obstetric information and side effects after vaccination were gathered. Result A total of 23 women were included. Eleven pregnant women took two doses and 12 cases received a single dose of the vaccine. No IgM antibody was detected in any maternal blood or cord blood samples. The RBD‐specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody was positive in mothers receiving 2 doses of the vaccine and their infants. But the antibody titers were under the positive cut‐off threshold for the other 12 women who were vaccinated with a single dose. Women who received both doses of vaccine had significantly higher IgG levels than a single dose of Sinopharm (p = .025). The same result was demonstrated in infants born to these mothers (p = .019). Conclusion There was a significant correlation between maternal and neonatal IgG concentrations. Although, receiving both doses of the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine (not 1 dose) during pregnancy is highly beneficial for increasing humoral immunity for the mother and fetus.

Coma is a state of prolonged unconsciousness. Some coma cases result from inherited disorders such as fatty-acid β-oxidation disorder, acute intermittent porphyria (due to mutations in genes CPT I, CPTII and ACADM), urea cycle defects (due to mutation in OTC gene), organic acidurias, mitochondrial diseases and familial hemiplegic migraine (due to mutations in CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A). The evaluation of familial cases of coma or sporadic coma can be performed using next generation sequencing (NGS), a high-throughput sequencing technique that can sequence an entire genome in a single reaction. This technique has been widely applied in the genetic diagnosis of diseases. In this review, we describe some genes associated with coma or recurrent coma and discuss the role of NGS in detection of these genes.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of information asymmetry and illiquidity related to cluster trading on market efficiency and examine the mediating roles of these two variables in the relationship between noise trading and market efficiency. To measure the information asymmetry, Adj PIN and illiquidity related to cluster trading obtained from PSOS models were used. Also, market return based on trade volume imbalances was utilized as the indicator of market efficiency. The sample include 146 companies, which were listed in Tehran Stock Exchange between 2014 and 2020. The results showed significant inverse effects of information asymmetry and illiquidity related to cluster trading and market return. However, the effect of illiquidity related to cluster trading on market return was stronger than that of information asymmetry. In addition, the findings showed that noise trading had direct and significant effects on information asymmetry and illiquidity related to cluster trading. Thus, the relationship between noisy trading and market return through information asymmetry and illiquidity relevant to cluster trading, as well as the mediating roles of these two variables, was confirmed.IntroductionBased on the previous research, liquidity is one of the fundamental factors affecting market efficiency and proper pricing of the capital assets (Wei, 2018; Ibikunle et al., 2016; Han, Tang, & Yang, 2016; Liu et al., 2019). On the other hand, one of the characteristics of an ideal efficient market is the lack of trading cost consequently leading to high liquidity. Stock liquidity can be suggested as an indicator for market return. It is broadly incorporated into the investigation of the effective factors presenting positive information (Rahmani, Hosseini, & Rezapour, 2019). Information asymmetry affects market value of the companies listed in the stock market (Muslim, 2021 & Setiawan). It can lead to wrong financial decision-makings of the management and reductions of the shareholders` wealth (Aflatooni, 2020). Information asymmetry concerning adverse selection occurs when one party of the deal enjoys more valuable information than the other party over the dealing process and this leads to an increase in trading cost (Hu & Prigent, 2017). Another important impact of information asymmetry on the market is the orientation of market performance toward disruption and inefficiency because the asymmetric information can affect market price fluctuations and the assets prices. Information asymmetry can reduce efficiency and prevent market formation in extreme cases, which make the two parties to the transaction lose in the end (Miskin, 2015). In the modern financial world, a great deal of trades is done unknowingly by disruptive traders, who enjoy a limited trading strategy based on rumors and other people's mere advice. These disruptive traders are called noisy traders whose major feature is the lack of adequate information in the transaction, i.e., their buying and selling are independent from the inherent value of the traded property (Han, Tang, & Yang, 2016; Peress & Schmidt, 2021). Nonetheless, we cannot say whether a trader has enjoyed his/her access to information in a particular trade only based on the empiric and routine levels of information about trades. In this circumstance, from the type of information, researchers usually speculate whether the trades have been based on information or not (Chung et al., 2013). Noises have always existed in financial markets. These noises, which are based on daily fluctuations in the stock price, are caused by factors like the spread of news or information, mass behavior, and/or fundamental parameters. Based on one important assumption of behavioral theory, trades of these noisy traders are not independent from each other and have a systematic correlation. Therefore, we cannot neglect their roles in and impacts on financial markets and construe them as the trivial part of the process of investing in those markets (Saranj et al, 2018). Information asymmetry is related to price clustering and cluster trades. In an efficient ideal market, price clustering and cluster trades are at their minimum possible levels. By cluster trades, we mean noisy traders’ tendency to do trades when there is no real and good quality information. With the increase of noisy trades in a time period, even knowable traders tend to trade more, while this gives noisy traders more incentive to do more trades, which in turn, leads to an increase in trade cost and a decrease in market efficiency (Duarte & Young, 2009). The findings of a study showed that due to the existence of noisy traders and spread of confidential information, knowable traders trade in a particular period after the spread of information and reduce their trades after its gradual effect on prices. This leads to the reduction of liquidity (market illiquidity) (Foster & Viswanathan, 1990). Therefore, it is expected that stocks go higher with information asymmetry, while the higher levels of cluster trades lead to less efficiency of the market (Hu & Prigent, 2019). Market efficiency is affected by several stock features, such as the market value, price volatility, trading volume, institutional trade, and trading cost. It is also influenced by trading cost due to information asymmetry and illiquidity due to cluster and noisy trades. Since no research has been done to investigate the impacts of information asymmetry and illiquidity concerning cluster trades on market returns in Iran Stock Exchange, this essay aimed to determine if the impacts of information asymmetry and illiquidity concerning cluster trades on the returns of companies listed in TSE market were based on a model that could show the degree of market efficiency and intended to answer these questions: do information asymmetry and illiquidity concerning cluster and noisy trades affect the market? Is the meditating role of illiquidity concerning cluster trades in the relationship between noisy trades and market returns confirmed in Iran stock exchange market? Method and DataTo test the research hypotheses, 146 companies among those listed In Tehran Stock Exchange during the years of 2014-2020 were examined. To this goal, a multivariate regression model and pooled data were utilized. FindingsThe results displayed the significant inverse effects of information asymmetry and illiquidity related to cluster trading and market returns. The effect of illiquidity related to cluster trading was stronger than that of information asymmetry. In addition, the findings revealed that noise trading had direct and significant impacts on information asymmetry and illiquidity related to cluster trading. Thus, the relationship between noisy trading and market return through information asymmetry and illiquidity relevant to cluster trading and the mediating roles of these two variables were corroborated. Conclusion and discussion The results demonstrated that noisy trades reduced market efficiency by enhancing the trading and illiquidity costs due to information asymmetry and cluster trades, respectively. Information asymmetry and illiquidity affected market efficiency as independent variables, which gave us some evidence on the information motivation model. When new information enters the market, trades increase due to the initial advantage and motivation of using information as long as it is integrated into the stock price. However, the impact of information on the prices in the period of no new good-quality information (increase of noisy investigators’ trades due to concerns about liquidity) leads to enhancement of trading costs concerning illiquidity, which in turn, results in the reduction of market efficiency. Therefore, the supervising institution must pay attention to such factors as the accounting quality and information disclosure of the companies listed in TSE, as well as promotion of their supervising mechanisms in general. They should also take steps to making some policies for the growth and development of financial institutions active in the capital market like investment consulting firms, investment funds and companies, portfolio management, and financial information processing companies. In addition, the investors should pay attention to the management team qualities of companies responsible for preparing financial statements, company size, disclosure level, and growth opportunities as the factors affecting information asymmetry.

Abstract Background Students, staff, and faculties are involved in activities that exposed them to a range of minor to severe or even fatal accidents in academic settings. Managing work environment risks is crucial to any safety and health prevention program. This study developed a risk assessment using combinations of hazards and risk factors to establish a scale of measures in a risk reduction action plan. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in an Iranian medical sciences university in 2018. A structured method of risk assessment was developed, applying a three-step procedure to identify hazards, consequences, and risk evaluation. Data were collected through detailed health, safety, and environment checklist in 38 different sites. Finally, the risks quantified, prioritized, and control measures proposed accordingly. Chi-square and correlation tests assessed how environmental factors were associated with hazard consequences. The analysis results were evaluated at the significance level of 0.05. Results The frequencies of moderate and high-risk levels were 22.7 and 2.9%, respectively. Thus, corrective measures should be considered as soon as possible and immediately for these risk groups. Facilities and functions within laboratories, library, and powerhouse were more vulnerable to serious risks. The type of hazard had associated with the sites and total risk score at the significance level of 0.05 (P-value = 0.017). Similarly, risk severity was significantly related to the sites (P-value = 0.003). Safety hazards had a statistically higher contribution to the total risk score when compared to health and environmental hazards. Conclusion The study revealed complex risks and hazardous circumstances with significant variances in academic sites and activities. Universities should provide training in risk reduction programs to increase the awareness of students, staff, and faculties, which can improve life safety in a university environment.

Abstract Objectives This data paper aims to provide the data set of a practical method to health, safety, and environmental risk assessment to assess and rank potential threats/hazards and to prevent and decrease the accidents and harmful consequences at an academic setting. Descriptive data on type of hazards, places, and persons at risk were collected. Quantitative data on risk probability and severity of identified hazards were determined. Additionally, the descriptive statistics and analytical tests were applied to create a concise perspective on health, safety and environmental hazards/threats situation in research location under study. The dataset further provides information on the prioritization of determined risks according to the relevant scores and levels for doing the relevant control measures to remove and mitigate the related risks. Data description This paper provides data of comprehensive risk assessment of health, safety and, environmental hazards of academic setting. For each identified hazard, the descriptive and numeric data are available. The information about the risk level and prevention or mitigation measure related to each hazard is provided. Additionally, the statistical tests are applied for determining the relations among the variables under study. The data and methodology on risk assessment in this article may be used to manage variety of risks in higher education institutions.

Background and objectives: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is one of the main retrograde filling materials that is used today as a root end filling material and perforation repair material. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antibacterial and antifungal properties of four types of bio-ceramic materials, AGM MTA, Ortho MTA, Pro root MTA and Cem cement for oral and dental health. Methods: In this study, the antibacterial activity of four types of bio-ceramic materials against two bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATTC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATTC 35318) and antifungal activity against Candida albicans (ATTC 10231) were investigated using the well diffusion method. Results: In the context of the relationship between the type of microorganism and the diameter of the growth inhibitory zone for each type of bio-ceramic material, there was no significant difference for Enterococcus faecalis, and a significant difference was observed for Escherichia coli and Candida albicans (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results show that each of the bio-ceramic materials AGM, Pro root, Cem cement and Ortho have antibacterial and antifungal properties. AGM MTA bio-ceramic material on Candida albicans fungus and Ortho MTA bio-ceramic material had the most effect on Escherichia coli bacteria. Therefore, the mentioned bio-ceramic materials can play a significant role in oral and dental health by providing a suitable material for restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine the relationship between ethical climate and burnout in nurses working in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Methods. This cross-sectional and multi-center study was conducted among 212 nurses working in adult ICUs of six hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2019. The participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected using valid instruments of Olson’s Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results. Ethical climate was favorable (3.5±0.6). The intensity (32.2±12.4) and frequency (25.5±12.4) of burnout were high. Ethical climate had significant and inverse relationships with frequency of burnout (r =-0.23, p=0.001) and with intensity of burnout (r=-0.186, p=0.007). Ethical climate explained 5.9% of burnout. Statistically significant relationships were also found between these factors: age with ethical climate (p=0.001), work shifts with burnout (p=0.02), and gender and with intensity frequency of burnout in ICU nurses (p=0.038). The results of Spearman correlation coefficient showed significant and inverse relationships between ethical climate and job burnout (r=-0.243, p

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Hemoglobinopathies are characterized by defects in the synthesis of globin chains of hemoglobin (Hb). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate mutations associated with thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies in Masjed Soleiman County, Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 456 individuals suspected of having hemoglobinopathies who were referred to health centers of the Masjed Soleiman Country in 2015-2017. Blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes. Complete blood count test was performed and red blood cell indices were determined. Level of Hb variants was measured using capillary electrophoresis. Reverse dot-blot, gap-polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing were carried out to detect mutations. Results: We found that 17.7% of the subjects were heterozygous for β-thalassemia. Frequency of mutations 36/37 (–T), IVS-II-1 (G>A) and IVS-I-110 (G>A) in the β-globin gene was 26.7%, 22% and 16.27%, respectively. In addition, 9.5% of the subjects contained Hb S, Hb D and Hb C, while 1.1% of the subjects showed co-inheritance of an Hb variant and β-thalassemia. In subjects with α-thalassemia, the -α3.7 (57.1%), -- MED–(17.4%), -α4.2 (3.1%) and -α20.5 (1.5%) deletions were found as the most prevalent mutations. Conclusion: In addition to the high prevalence of β-thalassemia and HBB gene mutations, we detected variants Hb S, Hb D, Hb C and co-inheritance of an Hb variants and β-thalassemia in individuals living in the Masjed Soleiman Country. We also identified four mutations in the α-globin gene. These results can be useful for genetic counseling in this population. : Hemoglobinopathies, β-Thalassemia, α-Thalassemia, mutation, HB variant.

Background: Femoral neck fracture is a common discomfort in elderly people, often caused by osteoporosis and a trauma with low energy, such as falling. Considering that during the time, it seems that the effect of treatment with prosthesis is better than fixation, this study aimed to investigate the treatment outcomes of undisplaced femoral neck fracture treated with cannula screws in patients over 65 years of age. Methods: In this retrospective study, 50 elderly patients with undisplaced femoral neck fractures treated with cannula screws were enrolled. The postoperative complications, including avascular necrosis of the femoral head, nonunion, infection, fixation fail, and postoperative outcomes (using the questionnaire Harris) were assessed, and the patients were compared on postoperative outcomes. Findings: 20 men and 30 women with an average age of 6.63 ± 71.68 years were enrolled in this study. 46% had high blood pressure, 18% diabetes mellitus, 26% cigarette smoking, 8% avascular necrosis, 12% recurrent surgery, 26% non-union fracture, 18% postoperative infection, and 28% had fixation fail. 9 patients scored excellent and 19 patients received good score from the Harris questionnaire. Moreover, the amounts of avascular necrosis, nonunion fracture, postoperative infection, fixation fail, and mean postoperative walking time were significantly higher in patients with poor treatment results (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the surgery were fairly good in our study according to the Harris scoring system. On the other hand, some complications were reported such as avascular necrosis.

Objective(s): The current investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effects of 17β- estradiol (17β-ED) on the potential of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for modulation of immunity responses in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS).Materials and Methods: After isolation of MSCs, cells were cultured in presence of 100 nM 17β-ED for 24 hr. Modeling of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was achieved by using guinea pig spinal cord homogenate, in addition to complete Freund’s adjuvant in male Wistar rats. The processes of cell therapy were started following 12 days post-immunization. This duration allows all animals to develop a disability score. The achieved EAE clinical symptoms were regularly monitored every day until day 36, when all of examined rats were euthanized. Results: Cell therapy in the EAE rats with 17β-ED-primed MSCs exhibited more desirable consequences, which in turn lead to regression of the cumulative clinical score and neuropathological changes that are more than the therapy with untreated MSCs. The serum measures of myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) as well as splenocytes-originated pro-inflammatory interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were significantly decreased in EAE rats treated by 17β-ED primed-MSCs compared to EAE rats that received untreated MScs. Conclusion: Combination of 17β-ED and MSCs more effectively improved the signs and symptoms of EAE.

This study was conducted to investigate the different irrigation and shade treatments on seedling production of Celtis caucasica in Shorab nursery, Khoramabad city, Iran. For this purpose, 30 Celtis caucasica trees were selected in around of Shorab village forests and then seeds were collected from four directions of trees. After investigating the seeds quality, seeds were planted on pots in Novamber and budded in April next year and afterwards pots were irrigated daily until starting treatments. Then, four irrigation treatments (control, once in every two, three and four days) and three shade treatments (full light, semi shade and full shade) with three replicates and 30 pots per replicate (totally, 1080 experimental units) were applied for five months. Based on results, seed survival of this species was 84 percent. Shade, irrigation and interactions effects of these treatments have significant effects on seedling height, root length and collar diameter of Celtis caucasica after the end of one growing season and their interactions are significant as well (p

Introduction: Creating optimized opportunities for experiential learning and practical training is an important factor that improves the quality of education. This study aims to identify and analyze the mechanism of improving apprenticeship course for the students of Environmental Health Engineering at School of public Health in Kermanshah. Methods: This study is based on comparing the quality of education in apprenticeship courses by before – after study. The participants were the students who passed the apprenticeship course in the first semester of 2014 -2015 (32 students). The SPSS v.16 and the statistical T-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The average scores for men before apprenticeship was 2.02±0.41 and after the apprenticeship was 2.82 ±0.44, and the average scores for women before and after the apprenticeship were respectively 1.9±0.34 and 2.84±0.37, respectively. The level of training during the apprenticeship course influence on increasing knowledge in the students of environmental health engineering. Conclusion: Analyzing the effective factors on improving the apprenticeship course influenced by the following factors: implementation method of effective roles of the educating units, playing an effective role in apprenticeship course, supplementary training activities during the serving time and playing an effective role be apprentices. Keywords: Theoretical knowledge; Apprenticeship; Environmental Health Engineering

Background: OCT4B1, a variant of OCT4, is expressed in both cancer cells and tissues. This variant has a main role in the regulation of both apoptotic and stress (heat-shock proteins) pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of OCT4B1 silencing on the expression of small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs)in three human tumor cell lines. Methods:AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma), 5637 (bladder tumor) and U-87MG (brain tumor) cell lines were transfected with specific OCT4B1 siRNA (test group) and scramble siRNA (control group), using siRNA and Lipofectamine. Real-Time PCR Array technique was applied and the fold changes were calculated using RT2 Profiler PCR Array Data Analysis version 3.5. Results: It was revealed that HSPB1, HSPB6 and HSPE1 were down-regulated in all three studied tumor cell lines and HSPB2, HSPB7 and HSPB8 were down-regulated in two of three studied tumor cell lines (AGS and 5637). It was also revealed that HSPB3 was down-regulated in 5637 cell line and up-regulated in AGS and U87MG cell lines. Conclusion: According to the results, it may be concluded that there is a direct relationship between OCT4B1 and sHSPs gene family expression. Thus, suppression of OCT4B1 may be considered in cancer therapy/research.

Mining method selection (MMS) for mineral resources is one of the most significant steps in mining production management. Due to high costs involved and environmental problems, it is usually not possible to change the coal mining method after planning and starting the operation. In most cases, MMS can be considered as an irreversible process. Selecting a method for mining mainly depends on geological, geometrical properties of the resource, environmental impacts of exploration, impacts of hazardous activities and land use management. This paper seeks to develop a novel model for mining method selection in order to achieve a stable production rate and to reduce environmental problems. This novel model is illustrated by implementing for Tazareh coal mine. Given the disadvantages of the previous models for selecting coal mining method, the purpose of this research is modifying the previous models and offering a comprehensive model. In this respect, TOPSIS method is used as a powerful multi attribute decision-making procedure in Fuzzy environment. After implementation of the presented model in Tazareh coal mine, long wall mining method has been selected as the most appropriate mining method.

Background: Obesity and physical inactivity are currently on the rise due to industrialization of the communities, which has recently led to increased incidence of different diseases such as diabetes. Epidemiological studies and figures have demonstrated the growing incidence of diabetes. Relevantly, the side effects of chemical drugs have led patients to use medicinal plants and traditional approaches despite advances in development of chemical drugs. The aim of this review article is to report the medicinal plants and their traditional uses to prevent and treat diabetes according to the findings of ethnobotanical studies conducted in different regions of Iran. Evidence Acquisitions: The search terms including ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, ethnopharmacology, phytopharmacology, phytomedicine, Iran, and traditional medicine in combination with diabetes, blood sugar and hyperglycemic were searched from scientific databases. Results: The results of this article can be a comprehensive guideline, based on ethnobotany of different regions of Iran, to prevent and treat diabetes. According to this review article, certain plant species such as Urtica dioica L., popularly called nettle, in eight regions, Teucrium polium L., popularly called poleigamander, in five regions, and Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Citrullus colocynthis (L.), Schrad., and Juglans regia L. in four regions, were reported to be frequently used to prevent and treat diabetes Conclusions: The introduced medicinal plants in this review can be investigated in further research and produce new drugs with limited side effects

Universities have shown a strong desire to commercialize researches and innovations. As a result, they are increasingly weaning themselves from public budgets. Commercialization has become the gateway for privatization, but the improper selection of commercialization strategies often results in the elimination of resources and time. The correct evaluation and ranking of strategies for the best resources is essential for the competitive performance of a university. The hybrid SWOT and Fuzzy AHP model adopted in this study provides a clear categorization of these university strategies. The first and relevant criteria as well as sub-criteria are identified using SWOT analysis. Fuzzy AHP tool is then used to evaluate and rank the internal and external factors that affect competition in Iranian universities. Based on the IE matrix, the growth and the process of building strategies are important priorities when considering commercializing. The results of this study revealed that academic startups, joint technology, joint research laboratories, strategic alliances, recruiting pundit and contracting with industry are the best strategies for Iranian universities.

Nowdays, algae considering marine ecosystem are regarded as producers and the first continuum that receives solar energy. Hence, they ensure the needed energy for the aquatic organism living. In global herbal division, algae have 1800 genus and 21000 types. Because of their presence in air rather than underground water, algae allocate larger arena to themselves in comparise to other herbage. Based on accomplished studies, it is rated that algae have more than 7000 types in terms of biological diversity. Algae are used a lot. They are consumed in food industry, dung preparation, medicinal consumption and etc. In this study the green algae nanocellulose was used to improve CMP resistance.For the preparation of pure cellulose, algae samples initially affected the soda process and then were affected by bleaching sequence.. Next, the obtained cellulose has been converted to Nano-cellulose by using ultrasonic method. Nano-cellulose from cladophora algae was mixed with CMP in the ratios of 2, 5 and 8 percent. Finally, handmade paper was made and its resistive (strengh) properties were studied and compared with the pure hardwood CMP pulp. The results revealed that 8% treatment group had the highest density, tensile strength, burst strength, and control group had the lowest amount. Furthermore, the highest tear strength was related to control group; while, the lowest tear strength was for 8% treatment group.