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In recent years, the oil industry has given great importance to reservoir management and reservoir uncertainty analysis. The development of a method that can model and quantify uncertainties in reservoir simulation studies in an efficient and practical way is clearly desirable. Different approaches such as Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Monte-Carlo simulation have been used to address the uncertainties. In this paper, response surface method is used to realize the most influential parameters on pressure drop and recovery factor changes, regarding their practical levels of uncertainties during the development of fractured reservoir model. The present approach is performed to magnify the significant parameters and developing compatible and more realistic proxy equation for forecasting oil recovery from a typical low permeable fractured reservoir. The proxy model allows Monte-Carlo analysis to determine sensitivities and the quantification of the impact of uncertainty on production forecasts. Results indicate that the oil recovery is more sensitive to aquifer strength, fracture permeability and block height. In addition, however the interaction between other parameters, such as matrix size, fracture permeability and aquifer volume, showed a degree of importance during this analysis. Monte-Carlo analysis forecasts wide range of oil recovery for this field development. Ces dernières années, l’industrie du pétrole a accordé une grande importance à la gestion et à l’analyse d’incertitudes des réservoirs. Le développement d’une méthode permettant de modéliser et de quantifier les incertitudes au cours des études de simulation de réservoir d’une façon efficace et pratique est clairement souhaitable. Des approches différentes telles que la méthodologie des surfaces de réponse (RSM; Response Surface Methodology) et la simulation de Monte-Carlo ont été utilisées pour évaluer les incertitudes. Au sein de cet article, la méthode de surface de réponse est utilisée pour appréhender les paramètres les plus influents sur les changements en termes de chute de pression et de facteur de récupération, en ce qui concerne leurs niveaux pratiques d’incertitudes au cours du développement d’un modèle de réservoir fracturé. La présente approche est utilisée pour amplifier les paramètres significatifs et développer une équation substitutive compatible et plus réaliste en vue de la prévision de la récupération d’huile à partir d’un réservoir fracturé faiblement perméable typique. Le modèle substitutif permet à l’analyse de Monte- Carlo de déterminer les sensibilités et la quantification de l’incidence de l’incertitude sur les prévisions de production. Les résultats indiquent que la récupération d’huile est plus sensible à la pression de l’aquifère, à la perméabilité de fracture et à la hauteur de bloc. De plus, toutefois, l’interaction entre d’autres paramètres tels que la taille de matrice, la perméabilité de fracture et le volume d’aquifère a montré un certain degré d’importance au cours de cette analyse. L’analyse de Monte-Carlo prévoit un domaine de grande ampleur de récupération d’huile pour l’exploitation de ce champ.

Abstract Background Fragile × syndrome is caused by loss of function of the fragile × mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene and shares multiple phenotypes with autism. We have previously found reduced expression of the protein product of FMR1 (FMRP) in vermis of adults with autism. Methods In the current study, we have investigated levels of FMRP in the superior frontal cortex of people with autism and matched controls using Western blot analysis. Because FMRP regulates the translation of multiple genes, we also measured protein levels for downstream molecules metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor β3 (GABRβ3), as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Results We observed significantly reduced levels of protein for FMRP in adults with autism, significantly increased levels of protein for mGluR5 in children with autism and significantly increased levels of GFAP in adults and children with autism. We found no change in expression of GABRβ3. Our results for FMRP, mGluR5 and GFAP confirm our previous work in the cerebellar vermis of people with autism. Conclusion These changes may be responsible for cognitive deficits and seizure disorder in people with autism.

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a Fe2O3-PANI/CdS nanocomposite for the photocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green dye under visible light irradiation. The successful formation of the synthesized nanocomposite was confirmed through various characterization techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Under optimized conditions, the Fe2O3-PANI/CdS nanocomposite demonstrated excellent photocatalytic performance, achieving a degradation efficiency of 95.7% for Malachite Green dye within 30 min. Kinetic studies revealed that the degradation process followed a pseudo-first-order reaction model. Furthermore, the nanocomposite exhibited good reusability, maintaining high degradation efficiency after five consecutive reuse cycles. These results demonstrate the potential of the Fe2O3-PANI/CdS nanocomposite as a promising photocatalyst for wastewater treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At a low activity comet the plasma is distributed in an asymmetric way. The hybrid simulation code Amitis is used to look at the spatial evolution of ion velocity distribution functions (VDFs), from the upstream solar wind (SW) to within the comet magnetosphere where the SW is heavily mass‐loaded by the cometary plasma. We find that the spatial structures of the ions and fields form a highly asymmetric induced magnetosphere. The VDFs of SW and cometary ions vary drastically for different locations in the comet magnetosphere. The shape of the VDFs differ for different species. The SW protons show high anisotropies that occasionally resemble partial rings, in particular at small cometocentric distances. A second, decoupled, proton population is also found. Solar wind alpha particles show similar anisotropies, although less pronounced and at different spatial scales. The VDFs of cometary ions are mostly determined by the structure of the electric field. We perform supplementary dynamic particle backtracing to understand the flow patterns of SW ions that lead to these anisotropic distributions. This tracing is needed to understand the origin of cometary ions in a given part of the comet magnetosphere. The particle tracing also aids in interpreting observed VDFs and relating them to spatial features in the electric and magnetic fields of the comet environment. Key Points: Hybrid simulations with the Amitis code for a low activity comet show the formation of an asymmetric induced magnetosphereThe velocity distributions of solar wind protons form partial rings in the simulation as previously reported by observationsBacktracing the cometary ions in the tail shows that the shape of their velocity distributions is driven by electric field structures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Magnetosheath jets represent localized enhancements in dynamic pressure observed within the magnetosheath. These energetic entities, carrying excess energy and momentum, can impact the magnetopause and disrupt the magnetosphere. Therefore, they play a vital role in coupling the solar wind and terrestrial magnetosphere. However, our understanding of the morphology and formation of these complex, transient events remains incomplete over two decades after their initial observation. Previous studies have relied on oversimplified assumptions, considering jets as elongated cylinders with dimensions ranging from |$0.1\, R_{\rm E}$| to |$5\, R_{\rm E}$| (Earth radii). In this study, we present simulation results obtained from Amitis, a high-performance hybrid-kinetic plasma framework (particle ions and fluid electrons) running in parallel on graphics processing units (GPUs) for fast and more environmentally friendly computation compared to CPU-based models. Considering realistic scales, we present the first global, three-dimensional (3D in both configuration and velocity spaces) hybrid-kinetic simulation results of the interaction between solar wind plasma and the Earth. Our high-resolution kinetic simulations reveal the 3D structure of magnetosheath jets, showing that jets are far from being simple cylinders. Instead, they exhibit intricate and highly interconnected structures with dynamic 3D characteristics. As they move through the magnetosheath, they wrinkle, fold, merge, and split in complex ways before a subset reaches the magnetopause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surveys are an important vehicle for advancing research on urban policy and governance. The introduction of online tools eased survey-based data collection, making it cheaper and easier to obtain data from key informants like local elected officials or public administrators. However, the utility of web-based survey administration may be diminishing. To investigate this dynamic and search for strategies to support survey research in urban studies, we perform a systematic review of survey research in urban policy and administration scholarship and conduct an original survey follow-up experiment. Our findings identify a clear downward trend in survey response rates that was accentuated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from our survey experiment show distinctly different costs per solicitation and per completed survey, depending on administration mode. These findings stimulate discussion on how scholars may continue to use surveys to generate high-quality, empirically rigorous research on urban affairs in light of recent trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]