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Background & aim: Considering the widespread psychological effects caused by the spread of COVID-19 in societies, there is strong evidence that the treatment staff of hospitals, due to their jobs, are prone to the occurrence of many psychological disorders, such as reducing self-efficacy, resilience, mental health, and sleep disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on self-efficacy, resilience, mental health and sleep disorders of treatment staff involved in the care of patients with COVID-19. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental along with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The sample consisted of 30 medical staff involved in the care of patients with Covid-19 in Shahid Modares Hospital in Tehran who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy sessions were held individually in eight sessions (each lasting for 120 minutes) and one session per week. Results: Findings show that cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy had an effect on self-efficacy (F = 13.15, P<0.001), resilience (F = 19.59, P<0.001), mental health (F = 25.35, P<0.001) and sleep disorders (F = 98.43, P<0.001) in the treatment staff involved in the care of patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: According to findings it can be concluded that this method can be used to treat disorders of the medical staff in the cases of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Recognition of the factors associated with drug abuse in students can have a significant impact on the prevention of their tendency towards substance abuse. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship of the tendency towards substance abuse with spiritual and psychological well-being in students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was performed on undergraduate and doctoral students (n=1759) of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2016-17. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran formula and was estimated at 315 subjects who were selected through the random sampling method. The data were collected using a substance abuse questionnaire which was based on Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-2, psychological well-being questionnaire by Reef, and spiritual well-being questionnaire by Paloutzian and Ellison. Out of 315 distributed questionnaires, 295 questionnaires were completely filled and returned. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression tests. Results: According to the findings, there was a significant relationship between the variable of total spiritual well-being and the tendency towards substance abuse and the components of addiction potential and acknowledgment (P<0.05). Moreover, it was confirmed that there was a relationship between personal growth and addiction acknowledgment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the component of self-acceptance had a correlation with the tendency towards substance abuse and addiction acknowledgment (P<0.05). Besides, spiritual well-being, religious well-being, and the component of self-acceptance can predict and explain the variable of the tendency towards substance abuse to 26%, 19.9%, and 18%, respectively. In addition, the two components of personal growth and self-acceptance were able to explain the addiction acknowledgment to 19.6% and 18.4%. Conclusion: Finally, it can be concluded that self-acceptance and spiritual well-being are predictors of the tendency towards substance abuse in students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing body of data reporting the association of genetic alterations in chromosome 9P21 with the risk of developing cancer. In the current study, we studied the association of a genetic variant in CDKN2A/B, rs1333049, with the risk of developing breast cancer. A total of 339 participants with and without breast cancer entered to the study. Genotyping was done by the TaqMan real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method and gene expression analysis was ran by RT‐PCR. Our data showed that the minor allele homozygote in the total population was 10%, whereas for heterozygote was 38%. The dominant genetic model demonstrated that individuals with breast cancer had advanced TNM classification. Moreover, the logistic regression revealed that individuals who had CC/CG genotypes might have an enhanced risk of developing breast cancer when compared to the holders of GG genotype (e.g., OR = 2.8; 95% CI,1.4–5.4; p =.001), after regulated for confounders; age and body mass index. Furthermore, our analysis showed that the CDKN2A/B gene was downregulated in patients (p <.001). We showed a meaningful relationship of CDKN2A/B with the risk of breast cancer, cancer, showing the importance of studies in great sample size and several centers for studying the value of the marker as a risk classification in the management of patients with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parent training is an appropriate way to increase their awareness in dealing with a sick child. Childhood illness causes parents to be worried and stressed. Lack of information about disease will increase their concern. Educational programs can reduce parental stress and postoperative complications. Methods: In this study, the mothers of Hirschsprung Disease (HD) patients were selected to examine the disease training. The sampling was started by the census method from 2014 and continued until 2017. The statistical population included 2 groups of 30 mothers whose children were less than 6 months old. In one group, disease training was with a doctor and a trained person (group A). In another group, the mother of the treated child was also added to the training group, she was under the control of the educational staff (group B). The designed questions were asked from mothers in both groups before and after the training. The satisfaction level of training was also examined. Finally, the SPSS 23 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The provided training was effective in both groups because the percentage of the responses to questions has significantly increased after the intervention. The results indicated that group B was more satisfied with training. Conclusion: The results showed that the mother's presence of a child with HD while her child is treated and entered the community had a positive effect on the training and comprehension of the disease in patients' parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It's important to study chronic pain as a comprehensive physical problem. Studies demonstrated emotions and regulation of them, cognitive components, self-efficacy and inflexible pattern of behavior can affect the pain severity and disturbance in daily activities. The aim of this research is to determine predictive variables on disturbance in daily activities in patients with chronic pain. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, a sample of 345 patients with chronic pain who referred to pain, rheumatoid and acupuncture clinics (Mashhad-Iran) was selected through convenient method. The patients completed these questionnaires: Pain Inflexibility (PIPS), Emotion Regulation (ER), Attachment Styles (RQ), Pain Self-efficacy (PSEQ) and multi facet pain questionnaire. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson coefficient, step by step regression and SPSS software version 24. Results: The relation of predictive variables- attachment styles, emotion regulation (reappraisal and suppression) self-efficacy and inflexibility-with disturbance in daily function was significant (P=0.01). Regression analysis showed that inflexibility, reappraisal, secure attachment and self-efficacy are the best predictors of disturbance daily activities in patients with chronic pain. Conclusion: Based on the results, the predictors explain 34% of variance of disturbance daily activities. So, it's essential to consider psychological variables in planning of therapeutic intervention in patients with chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]