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In this article, a novel dual active clamp converter with high voltage gain is proposed for dc–dc applications. The active clamps’ switches turn on and off under zero-current switching (ZCS). In addition, the main switch turns on under ZCS condition, as well. Therefore, switching losses are significantly reduced. The converter is also capable of operating under quasi-resonance (QR) mode. In this mode, switching losses are reduced further by lowering the voltage and current, at which the main switch turns off. In comparison with the conventional interleaved converter, the voltage gain of the proposed converter is almost the same, but the number of semiconductors and switching loss are significantly reduced. The switching frequency of the active clamps’ switches is half of the main switching frequency. The operation principles of the proposed converter are studied in both pulsewidth modulation and QR modes, and the advantages are investigated. A 200-W prototype is implemented to validate the desired functionality of the converter, and experimental results are compared in both modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new partly isolated three-port converter is introduced in this study for hybrid energy applications. Two boost circuits form the main input port and a bidirectional battery port of the converter. Therefore, both of them are of a current-fed type, making the converter more suitable for renewable energy applications. In addition, the boost circuits are benefited from a mutual active clamp circuit. The circuit in cooperation with the leakage inductance of transformers provides soft switching, while employing a few number of semiconductors. Furthermore, on the secondary side, two voltage-doubler rectifiers are merged. As a result, the converter employs less number of components, which participate in all power conversion modes. Since most of the renewable energy sources have a relatively low voltage level, the converter retains high voltage gain. These features have resulted in an efficient and inexpensive converter. A thorough analysis has been made and justified by simulation and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, total harmonic distortion (THD) minimization of the output voltage of multilevel inverters is discussed. An efficient approach in reducing the harmonic contents of the inverter's output voltage is THD minimization. In multilevel inverters with a fundamental frequency switching strategy (each switch turning on and off once per output cycle), the switching angles can be selected so that the output THD is minimized (such as the so-called optimal-minimization-of-THD strategy). To obtain the optimum switching angles, an optimization algorithm is applied to the output-voltage THD. In three-phase multilevel inverters, the optimization algorithm is commonly applied to the phase voltage of the inverter. This results in the minimum THD in phase voltage but not necessarily in the line-to-line minimum THD, whereas in three-phase applications, the line-voltage harmonics are of the main concern from the load point of view. In this paper, using the genetic algorithm, a THD minimization process is directly applied to the line-to-line voltage of the inverter. This paper is based on a seven-level inverter. To verify the simulation results, a seven-level-cascaded-H-bridge-inverter-based hardware prototype, including an ATMEGA32 AVR microcontroller, has been implemented. Both simulation and experimental results indicate superiority of this approach over the commonly used phase-voltage THD minimization approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroresonance is a complex phenomenon, which can result in thermal and electrical stresses on power system equipments. It can also cause chaotic oscillations in power system. In this paper, a new method is proposed to restrict and damp ferroresonant oscillations, which is based on a new of fault current limiter (FCL). In this method in order to restrict chaotic ferroresonance oscillations, a kind of fault current limiters (FCL) is used which has been used to restrict unwanted high current flow in power system before. To study the ferroresonance nonlinear dynamics, in this paper, the chaos theory is used. By using this theory, the changes in system parameters which can cause chaotic ferroresonant oscillations, can be reviewed and analyzed in details. The behavior of the system during ferroresonance occurrence, with and without using proposed FCL, is discussed in bifurcation and phase plane diagrams. By using these diagrams, the behavioral changes of the system can be easily seen in two cases. The simulation results strongly show the effectiveness of using the proposed FCL for restricting the ferroresonant oscillations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, controlling chaos when chaotic ferroresonant oscillations occur in a voltage transformer with nonlinear core loss model is performed. The effect of a parallel metal oxide surge arrester on the ferroresonance oscillations of voltage transformers is studied. The metal oxide arrester (MOA) is found to be effective in reducing ferroresonance chaotic oscillations. Also the multiple scales method is used to analyze the chaotic behavior and different types of fixed points in ferroresonance of voltage transformers considering core loss. This phenomenon has nonlinear chaotic dynamics and includes sub-harmonic, quasi-periodic, and also chaotic oscillations. In this paper, the chaotic behavior and various ferroresonant oscillation modes of the voltage transformer is studied. This phenomenon consists of different types of bifurcations such as period doubling bifurcation (PDB), saddle node bifurcation (SNB), Hopf bifurcation (HB), and chaos. The dynamic analysis of ferroresonant circuit is based on bifurcation theory. The bifurcation and phase plane diagrams are illustrated using a continuous method and linear and nonlinear models of core loss. To analyze ferroresonance phenomenon, the Lyapunov exponents are calculated via the multiple scales method to obtain Feigenbaum numbers. The bifurcation diagrams illustrate the variation of the control parameter. Therefore, the chaos is created and increased in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, control of chaos is done in presence of ferroresonant oscillations in a voltage transformer with nonlinear model of core losses. In order to control the chaotic oscillations, nonlinear adaptive approach is employed. Moreover, a Time Delay Feedback Controller (TDFC) is implemented to stabilize Unstable Periodic Orbits (UPOs). Also multiple scales method to analyze chaotic behavior and types of fixed points in ferroresonance occurrence at voltage transformers considering different types of core loss models is applied. In the literature ferroresonance phenomenon in voltage transformers is proved to be classified in chaotic dynamics systems. In this contribution, chaos occurs in the system from a sequence of Period Doubling Bifurcation (PDB). This phenomenon consists of different types of bifurcations such as Period Doubling Bifurcation (PDB), Saddle Node Bifurcation (SNB), Hopf Bifurcation (HB) and chaos. Dynamic analysis of ferroresonant circuit is performed using bifurcation theory. bifurcation diagrams and phase plane diagrams are illustrated using a continuation method for linear and nonlinear core loss models. For analyzing ferroresonance phenomenon, Lyapunov exponents are calculated using multiple scales method and feigenbaum numbers are obtained. Bifurcation diagrams illustrate variation of parameter control and as a result chaos is created and increased in the system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Multilevel inverters introduce harmonics to the network besides their remarkable advantages. Total harmonic distortion (THD) is one of the most important indexes to evaluate the harmonic contents of waveforms. The conventional method of line-voltage THD calculation gives approximate answers, because high-order harmonics are ignored. In this paper, an analytical algebraic method based on formulating the line-voltage THD of multilevel inverters with unequal dc sources is presented. This method, which is general and applicable to each number of switching angles, is implemented to a five-level inverter with staircase waveform as a case study. The implementing process of this method can be easily repeated for each number of levels. The accuracy of the proposed method is illustrated in comparison with the approximate method. Some advantages of the extracted formulas of line-voltage THD are simplicity and rapidity in calculations, considering all harmonics and the possibility of finding optimal switching angles analytically. Experimental results are presented to validate the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]