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Microstructural development and mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloy, WHA, with FeNiCoCrMn high entropy alloy, HEA, binder were investigated and compared to conventional WHA using Fe–Ni binder. Both WHAs, with HEA and conventional Fe–Ni binders, were fabricated by hot isostatic pressing at a temperature of 1450 °C in an argon environment. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that WHA with HEA and conventional binders possessed uniform and well-refined microstructures. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, XRD, spectroscopy validated the formation and composition of HEA, existing as a skeletal network surrounding tungsten grains. HEA binder exhibited an overall increase of 42% in micro Vickers hardness values. Furthermore, hardness values of the tungsten heavy alloy were also seen to rise when fabricated with HEA binder. However, WHA sample with HEA binder was seen to undergo faster strain hardening and a premature failure, leading to lower values of ultimate strength and reduced ductility.

Under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light irradiation, semiconductive photocatalysis is leading to the disinfection and mineralization of organic compounds and other harmful contaminants. Some heavy metals and refractive organic compounds are not transferred to the next step, making mineralization difficult. The current study uses a straightforward hydrothermal technique to synthesise BiVO4/Au/Black phosphorene, a semiconductive composite photocatalyst. Black phosphorene levels in the composite ranged from 1 to 3%. Overall, four samples were created, with the composite with a 3% black phosphorene content being the most effective in the photodegradation of methylene blue. Ultraviolet (UV–vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies were employed to assess the optical characteristics of the materials, whereas X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were utilised to determine the morphology and crystallinity. The bandgap of the produced photocatalysts ranged from 2.5 to 2.25 eV, with decreased recombination when the quantity of black phosphorene in the composite was increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive theoretical study to investigate the outcomes of externally applied static isotropic pressure (0–50 GPa) on electronic, optical and structural properties of NaCaF3, using density functional theory based CASTEP code with ultra-soft pseudo-potential USP plane wave and Perdew Burke Ernzerhof exchange–correlation functional of Generalized Gradient Approximation, is reported. The electronic band gap shows the increasing trend 4.773–6.203 eV with increasing external pressure. The increase in band gap is significant up to 20 GPa as compared to higher external pressures. The mystery of increasing band gap is nicely decoded by the total density of states and elemental partial density of states. Optical properties have been calculated to analyse the impact of increment in band gap on them. We observed that the highest peak of energy loss function L (ω) shows the blue shift which confirms the increment of band gap. At zero photon energy, for 0 GPa, the static refractive index n (ω) has a value of 1.4456. After applying external pressure, there is a slight increase in n (ω) which favours the ultrawide band gap behaviour of the ternary compound. The energy points at which the absorption peak is maxima, the refractive index has lowest value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the bismuth vanadate and the composite of bismuth vanadate BiVO4 with nickel ferrite BiVO4/NiFe2O4 is aimed to be synthesized using hydrothermal method for the effective degradation of methylene blue. The concentration of nickel ferrite is varied from 1 to 5%. The morphological, structural, and the optical properties of the prepared samples are studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and Ultra-violet (UV) spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared photocatalyst is performed under visible light. The composite of BiVO4/NiFe2O4 4% efficiently degrade 99% of methylene blue after 90 min from 100-ml solution under visible light. This paper explains the synthesis of bismuth vanadate and it is composite with nickel ferrite BiVO4/NiFe2O4 and give information about the structural and morphological of these synthesized materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Using the dip‐coating technique we report here the synthesis of pure and 1% Ag‐doped TiO2 thin films. The 1% Ag‐doped TiO2 films are then irradiated with Ni ions at different (2 × 1014, 4 × 1014, and 6 × 1014 ions/cm2) fluences. Structural analysis carried out using the X‐ray diffraction technique revealed the evolution of anatase phase in addition to rutile traces. The corresponding lattice parameters (a and c) first increases with doping and irradiation of Ni ions up to 4 × 1014 ions/cm2 which then decreases on a further increase of fluence. UV‐visible spectroscopy shows a decreasing behavior of band gap energy (Eg) with doping. The minimum value of Eg is 3.1 eV which is obtained when 4 × 1014 ions/cm2 of Ni ions are implanted on 1% Ag‐TiO2 film. These films are tested as a photoanode for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and calculate their efficiency. The cell formed by Ni ions implanted on 1% Ag‐TiO2 as photoanode with fluence of 4 × 1014 ions/cm2 showed the highest current density of 6.13 mA/cm2 with maximum efficiency of 3.01%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of high and low transcutaneous electrical nerve(TENS) in controlling pain after Caesarean (C) Section to measure the time period of pain relief through high and low TENS. Methodology: A total of 60 females who delivered via C Section were selected. 10 refused to participate in study and 50 were randomly divided into control and treatment group comprising 25 in each group. Pain level was measured by Numeric Rating Pain Scale (NRS) and analgesic need was measured by noting the time period of pain alleviation after TENS application. Postpartum exercises were performed for three days under supervision and then guided as home plan. Results: Control group (Low TENS group) and treatment group (High TENS group) both showed statistically lower NRS score after TENS application. On comparison, treatment group was found to be more effective (p < 0.05) as it resulted in lower NRS ratings and less requirement of analgesic. Conclusion: In terms of controlling postoperative C Section pain, the high TENS is relatively effective tool compared to the low TENS as it has better pain management and less analgesic requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]