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Social impact bonds (SIBs) are emerging worldwide as an interesting solution for the most urgent societal issues. Despite the growing interest of researchers, investors, policymakers, and practitioners, this research field is still in the experimental phase, and very limited research is available, especially regarding the critical factors that emerged and currently enable the development of the SIBs market. Therefore, this research study will provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances in the SIBs landscape. The study uses key bibliometric analysis approaches - science mapping and performance analysis - to summarize the conceptual framework, status quo, and development trends of social impact bonds. The science mapping approach depicts five main streams of SIBs. Concurrently, the performance analysis approach explicates the leading academic authors, institutions, journals, and countries within these streams. Finally, the study also proposed a list of research questions in the SIBs research field to which academics and practitioners should channel their attention.

This research endeavors to analyze the impression of making and breaking of boundaries in Frost’s poemMending Wall(1914) from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Conflicts and disputes prevail where two persons part of a social circle live together. For the removal of such social barrier and in the development of lasting relations, it is necessary to ignore the disagreements among themselves and respect the privacy of the other members of the society. Social privacy and respect are feasible when the ideology of severance is abided by the members and certain physical boundaries are made by removing mental barriers of disagreement over the issue to have the acceptable relation in a social group to avoid the social conflicts in the future. This study at first discusses the ideology of Frost presented in poem mentioned above by employing the Norman Fairclough’s approach to the CDA. In this analytical research qualitative methodology and close reading textual analysis is used to interpret and derive the meanings for the existing clash of thoughts.

The concept of Social Finance diverges from the traditional finance concept being based on the blended value proposition, which posits that value is non-divisible, consisting of a blend of economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Social Finance attracted the attention of governments, organizations, researchers, and entrepreneurs as a way to mobilize resources and promote social innovation and as a viable way to solve the funding gap of social enterprises. In the last few years, also the European Commission (EC) has encouraged the development of the relationships between Social Finance and Social Enterprises considered as the main strategy for the development of local economies. European countries are adopting programmes and Social Finance schemes to support social enterprise development, in many cases through the financial support of the European Social Funds (ESF). SF channels private capital toward Social Innovation and includes a broader spectrum of approaches. By analyzing the core dimensions of social finance, this work provides a deeper understanding of the interconnections that currently exist within the broader sphere of social innovation and social enterprises.

As blockchain and DLTs technology makes its presence felt strongly in many industries like finance and banking, this study investigates the business case for the application to social impact bonds (SIBs). Technological innovation in general, and distributed ledger technology (DLT) in particular, could become a game changer in the development of new social impact bonds sector. This paper discusses the potential impact of DLT on SIBs market and the potential scenarios of DLT adoption. Alongside presenting strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT), the study exhibits the requirements for and steps toward a SIBs structure facilitated by blockchain technology.

Social impact bonds (SIBs) have emerged as a financing tool under the broader spectrum of social finance and impact investing (Corvo&Pastore, 2019). SIBs are a new financing mechanism for delivering public services to overcome social issues by involving four parties: commissioner, service provider, specialist intermediaries, and investor (Fraser et al., 2018). The United Kingdom issued the first SIB in 2010 as a financing tool that raised capital for innovative social projects (Le Pendeven, 2019) or social programs (Del Giudice&Migliavacca, 2019). Although over the last 12 years, SIBs have attracted increasing attention from policymakers, investors, and scholars (Del Giudice&Migliavacca, 2019), there is still a significant gap in understanding the SIBs research landscape because mainly all published papers are based on traditional literature review methods that are generally ad hoc (Qasim, 2017). Therefore, this study aims to provide an extensive review of SIBs’extant literature that explicates scientific developments and identifies latent patterns. A bibliometric approach – specifically performance analysis and science mapping– was applied to analyze the academic contribution, conceptual structure, and leading research areas of the SIBs research field. Further, this scientific research study also highlighted unexplored areas within the SIBs paradigm for future research. Thus, this research contributes to current knowledge about SIBs by providingthoughtful insights onall aspects ofthis emerging research field.

FinTech was recognized by the United Nations in 2015 as one of the important innovations that could facilitatethe achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) (Pizzi et al., 2021). The review of extant literature providesevidence that the concept of FinTech is evolving all around the globe, but research regarding the role and involvement ofFinTech companies in achieving the SDGs is limited, in incipient stage. To fill a major literature gap, our research studyemploys an inductive qualitative multiple-case study framework to uncover the contribution of FinTech companies inachieving the SDGs. The findings are twofold and highlight some significant implications for both theory and practice. First, by investigatingthe business models’core elements of selected FinTech companies, we identify direct or/and indirectcontributions to various SDGs and, based on the analysis, we derived eight statements. Second, we highlight the emergence ofa new FinTech business model - Impact FinTech, that primarily focuses on creating social or/and environmental impact indeveloped as well as developing countries, which ultimately supports SDGs’ achievement.&nbsp

The emerging environmental, social and economic pressures highlighted the need for long-termapproaches to bring sustainable development. Sustainable finance emerged as a novel approaches thatactively contribute to sustainable development. However, it is often considered as an umbrella term thatencompasses different financial practices, tools, and instruments. All the progress and success in thefield of sustainable finance to date notwithstanding, it is thus essential to develop a standardizedconceptual framework to clarify the ambiguity among the core construct. Based on this consideration,this study applies a bibliometric approach to provide a robust roadmap that delineates the sustainablefinance conceptual landscape. The concrete outcomes of this research elucidate the origin and evolutionof the sustainable finance concept and provide a contemporary review of the related tools, approaches,and instruments. Simultaneously, this study also depicts the precise boundaries among the core elementsof sustainable finance. The main contribution of this study is thus to provide researchers, organizations,and the society a better understanding of all the aspects of sustainable finance that are useful forsustainable development in the financial world. Further, this research uncovers the underexplored areaswithin the sustainable finance paradigm to which researchers and organizations should channel theirattention.

Current experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of four different plant extracts, i.e. Aak (Calotropis procera.), Niazbo (Ocimum basilicum), Sufaida (Eucalyptus globulus) and Gajar Botti (Parthenium hysterophorus) for their repellence and mortality against R. dominica. The experiment was laid out under complete randomize design (CRD) with four treatments and three replicates. Five concentrations (1, 2, 4, 8 and 10%) of each plant extract were tested at three different exposure periods against R. dominica. Results showed that the maximum mortality was obtained by Calotropis procera (77.26%) and minimum mortality was achieved by Eucalyptus globulus (58.10%) after 72 hours at 10% concentration. Maximum repellency was obtained by Ocimum basilicum (93.33%) and minimum repellency was achieved by Eucalyptus globulus (76.66%) after 60 minutes at 10% concentration. Results conclude that plant extracts can be used for the effective management of stored product insects.

Bu tezde, yüksek saflıktaki ZnO malzeme kullanılarak, kimyasal buhar biriktirme yöntemiyle (CVD) 1100°C'de üretilen nano parçacıklardan sensör üretilmiş ve bu sensörlerin gaz algılama özelliklerine bakılmıştır. Öncelikle nano yapıların kimyasal buhar biriktirme yöntemiyle oluşturulması sağlanarak bu elde edilen yapıların karakterizasyonları yapılmıştır. Taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), x ışınları kırınımı (XRD) ve enerji dağılımlı x ışını (EDX) ile analizleri tamamlanmıştır. ZnO nanoyapıların SEM ile yapılan yapısal karakterizasyonu sonucu tetrapod cinsinden olduğu anlaşılmış ve XRD analizi ile vürtzit yapıda oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra üretilen nano yapılardan sensör yapılmak üzere, silisyum üzerine termal buharlaştırıcıda altın kaplama yapılarak kontaktlar alınmış ve daha sonra bu yapının üzerine CVD çemberinden elde edilen yapıların çözdürülerek aktarılması sağlanmıştır. Elde edilen aygıt gaz ölçüm sistemine bağlanmış kontak alınarak ZnO nanoyapıların elektriksel karakterizasyonu I-V ölçümleriyle elde edilmiştir. ZnO tetrapodların gaz algılama özelliklerini incelemek amacıyla, etanol, aseton, kloform, diklorometan izopropanol ve azot dioksiti algılama özellikleri, bilgisayar destekli gaz akış ünitesi kullanılarak 1V sabit akım altında, 200 °C sıcaklıkta belirli gaz konsantrasyonları için test edilmiştir. ZnO tetrapod nanoyapıların bu gazlara duyarlık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. The subject of this thesis is to produce sensors by using nano-particles made of high purity ZnO which are synthesized at 1100 °C with CVD method and examine gas sensitivity properties of these sensors. First of all, after production, the characterization of nano-structures was reformed, by using SEM, XRD and EDX. According to the structural characterization by using SEM, it is shown that ZnO nano-structures are type of tetrapod, and exists in wurtzite structure according to the XRD analysis. After the first stage, contact points was obtained by plating gold over silisium in thermal vaporizer to produce sensors from the nano-structures. Then, the structures obtained from CVD circle was solved on this contact points. The produced device was connected to the gas measurement system, and electrical characteristics of ZnO nano-structures was acquired with I-V measurements. Finally, to examine gas sensitivity properties of ZnO tetrapods, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, isopropanol and nitrogen dioxide sensitivity properties were measured by using a computer supported gas flow unit in 200 °C and under 1V constant current for a spesific concentration value66. According to this measurements, it is discovered that ZnO tetrapod nano-structures are sensitive to these gases. 84