141 results on '"Fatimah S. Dawood"'
Search Results
2. Characteristics of infections with ancestral, Beta and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the PHIRST-C community cohort study, South Africa, 2020-2021
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Cheryl Cohen, Jackie Kleynhans, Anne von Gottberg, Meredith L. McMorrow, Nicole Wolter, Jinal N. Bhiman, Jocelyn Moyes, Mignon du Plessis, Maimuna Carrim, Amelia Buys, Neil A. Martinson, Kathleen Kahn, Stephen Tollman, Limakatso Lebina, Floidy Wafawanaka, Jacques du Toit, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Fatimah S. Dawood, Thulisa Mkhencele, for the PHIRST group, and Stefano Tempia
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SARS-CoV-2 ,South Africa ,Epidemiology ,Cohort study ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Data on the characteristics of individuals with mild and asymptomatic infections with different SARS-CoV-2 variants are limited. We therefore compared the characteristics of individuals infected with ancestral, Beta and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants in South Africa. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in a rural and an urban site during July 2020-August 2021. Mid-turbinate nasal swabs were collected twice-weekly from household members irrespective of symptoms and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, shedding and cycle threshold (Ct) value of infection episodes by variant were evaluated using multinomial regression. Overall and age-specific incidence rates of infection were compared by variant. Results We included 1200 individuals from 222 households and 648 rRT-PCR-confirmed infection episodes (66, 10% ancestral, 260, 40% Beta, 322, 50% Delta). Symptomatic proportion was similar for ancestral (7, 11%), Beta (44, 17%), and Delta (46, 14%) infections (p=0.4). After accounting for previous infection, peak incidence shifted to younger age groups in successive waves (40-59 years ancestral, 19-39 years Beta, 13-18 years Delta). On multivariable analysis, compared to ancestral, Beta infection was more common in individuals aged 5-12 years (vs 19-39)(adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI)1.1-6.6) and PCR cycle threshold (Ct) value 35)(aOR 3.2, 95%CI 1.3-7.9), while Delta was more common in individuals aged 35). Conclusions Consecutive SARS-CoV-2 waves with Beta and Delta variants were associated with a shift to younger individuals. Beta and Delta infections were associated with higher peak viral loads, potentially increasing infectiousness.
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- 2024
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3. Evaluation of cesarean delivery rates and factors associated with cesarean delivery among women enrolled in a pregnancy cohort study at two tertiary hospitals in Thailand
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Orada Patamasingh Na Ayudhaya, Wanitchaya Kittikraisak, Podjanee Phadungkiatwatana, Danielle Rentz Hunt, Krissada Tomyabatra, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Romeo R. Galang, Karen Chang, Tana Brummer, Lunthaporn Puttanavijarn, Parker Malek, Fatimah S. Dawood, Joshua A. Mott, and for the PRIME Study Group
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Cesarean delivery ,Pregnant woman ,Robson Classification ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Background Cesarean delivery rates have increased globally resulting in a public health concern. We estimate rates of cesarean deliveries among Thai women using the World Health Organization (WHO) Robson Classification system and compare rates by Robson group to the Robson guideline for acceptable rates to identify groups that might benefit most from interventions for rate reduction. Methods In 2017 and 2018, we established cohorts of pregnant women aged ≥ 18 years seeking prenatal care at two tertiary Thai hospitals and followed them until 6–8 weeks postpartum. Three in-person interviews (enrollment, end of pregnancy, and postpartum) were conducted using structured questionnaires to obtain demographic characteristics, health history, and delivery information. Cesarean delivery indication was classified based on core obstetric variables (parity, previous cesarean delivery, number of fetuses, fetal presentation, gestational week, and onset of labor) assigned to 10 groups according to the Robson Classification. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with cesarean delivery among nulliparous women with singleton, cephalic, term pregnancies. Results Of 2,137 participants, 970 (45%) had cesarean deliveries. The median maternal age at delivery was 29 years (interquartile range, 25–35); 271 (13%) participants had existing medical conditions; and 446 (21%) had pregnancy complications. The cesarean delivery rate varied by Robson group. Multiparous women with > 1 previous uterine scar, with a single cephalic pregnancy, ≥ 37 weeks gestation (group 5) contributed the most (14%) to the overall cesarean rate, whereas those with a single pregnancy with a transverse or oblique lie, including women with previous uterine scars (group 9) contributed the least (
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- 2024
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4. Redirecting antibody responses from egg-adapted epitopes following repeat vaccination with recombinant or cell culture-based versus egg-based influenza vaccines
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Feng Liu, F. Liaini Gross, Sneha Joshi, Manjusha Gaglani, Allison L. Naleway, Kempapura Murthy, Holly C. Groom, Meredith G. Wesley, Laura J. Edwards, Lauren Grant, Sara S. Kim, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Shivaprakash Gangappa, Terrence Tumpey, Mark G. Thompson, Alicia M. Fry, Brendan Flannery, Fatimah S. Dawood, and Min Z. Levine
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Repeat vaccination with egg-based influenza vaccines could preferentially boost antibodies targeting the egg-adapted epitopes and reduce immunogenicity to circulating viruses. In this randomized trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03722589), sera pre- and post-vaccination with quadrivalent inactivated egg-based (IIV4), cell culture-based (ccIIV4), and recombinant (RIV4) influenza vaccines were collected from healthcare personnel (18-64 years) in 2018−19 (N = 723) and 2019−20 (N = 684) influenza seasons. We performed an exploratory analysis. Vaccine egg-adapted changes had the most impact on A(H3N2) immunogenicity. In year 1, RIV4 induced higher neutralizing and total HA head binding antibodies to cell- A(H3N2) virus than ccIIV4 and IIV4. In year 2, among the 7 repeat vaccination arms (IIV4-IIV4, IIV4-ccIIV4, IIV4-RIV4, RIV4-ccIIV4, RIV4-RIV4, ccIIV4-ccIIV4 and ccIIV4-RIV4), repeat vaccination with either RIV4 or ccIIV4 further improved antibody responses to circulating viruses with decreased neutralizing antibody egg/cell ratio. RIV4 also had higher post-vaccination A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) HA stalk antibodies in year 1, but there was no significant difference in HA stalk antibody fold rise among vaccine groups in either year 1 or year 2. Multiple seasons of non-egg-based vaccination may be needed to redirect antibody responses from immune memory to egg-adapted epitopes and re-focus the immune responses towards epitopes on the circulating viruses to improve vaccine effectiveness.
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- 2024
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5. Lessons Learned from CDC’s Global COVID-19 Early Warning and Response Surveillance System
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Philip M. Ricks, Gibril J. Njie, Fatimah S. Dawood, Amy E. Blain, Alison Winstead, Adebola Popoola, Cynthia Jones, Chaoyang Li, James Fuller, Puneet Anantharam, Natalie Olson, Allison Taylor Walker, Matthew Biggerstaff, Barbara J. Marston, Ray R. Arthur, Sarah D. Bennett, and Ronald L. Moolenaar
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COVID-19 ,respiratory infections ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,SARS ,coronavirus disease ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Early warning and response surveillance (EWARS) systems were widely used during the early COVID-19 response. Evaluating the effectiveness of EWARS systems is critical to ensuring global health security. We describe the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) global COVID-19 EWARS (CDC EWARS) system and the resources CDC used to gather, manage, and analyze publicly available data during the prepandemic period. We evaluated data quality and validity by measuring reporting completeness and compared these with data from Johns Hopkins University, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, and indicator-based data from the World Health Organization. CDC EWARS was integral in guiding CDC’s early COVID-19 response but was labor-intensive and became less informative as case-level data decreased and the pandemic evolved. However, CDC EWARS data were similar to those reported by other organizations, confirming the validity of each system and suggesting collaboration could improve EWARS systems during future pandemics.
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- 2022
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6. Does prior vaccination affect the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination among older adults? Findings from a prospective cohort study in a Northeastern Province of Thailand
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Prabda Praphasiri, Kriengkrai Prasert, Manash Shrestha, Darunee Ditsungnoen, Malinee Chittaganpich, Sutthinan Chawalchitiporn, Fatimah S. Dawood, Supakit Sirilak, and Joshua A. Mott
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background We measured the immunogenicity of seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV3) among older Thai adults and the effect of one-year prior vaccination status on immune responses. Method Adults aged ≥65 years (n = 370) were vaccinated with Southern Hemisphere IIV3 in 2015. Hemagglutination inhibition assays were performed using goose red blood cells on sera collected from the participants at baseline and after 1, 6, and 12 months of vaccination. Prior year vaccination (in 2014) was verified with the national health security office database. We analyzed the associations between prior vaccination and geometric mean titers (GMT) at each time point using generalized linear regression on logged transformed titers, and seroprotection and seroconversion using Log-binomial regression. Results At baseline, previously vaccinated participants (n = 203) had a significantly higher GMT and seroprotection against all three influenza strains than those previously unvaccinated (n = 167) (all p-values Conclusion Influenza vaccination elicited good humoral response in older Thai adults. While seroconversion seemed attenuated in persons previously vaccinated for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (the only vaccine strain not to change), this was not apparent for influenza A(H3N2) and B, and prior vaccination was not associated with any inhibition in seroprotection.
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- 2023
7. SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Diversity in Households Highlights the Challenges of Sequence-Based Transmission Inference
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Emily E. Bendall, Gabriela Paz-Bailey, Gilberto A. Santiago, Christina A. Porucznik, Joseph B. Stanford, Melissa S. Stockwell, Jazmin Duque, Zuha Jeddy, Vic Veguilla, Chelsea Major, Vanessa Rivera-Amill, Melissa A. Rolfes, Fatimah S. Dawood, and Adam S. Lauring
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SARS-CoV-2 ,genomic epidemiology ,transmission ,household ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACT The reliability of sequence-based inference of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is not clear. Sequence data from infections among household members can define the expected genomic diversity of a virus along a defined transmission chain. SARS-CoV-2 cases were identified prospectively among 2,369 participants in 706 households. Specimens with a reverse transcription-PCR cycle threshold of ≤30 underwent whole-genome sequencing. Intrahost single-nucleotide variants (iSNV) were identified at a ≥5% frequency. Phylogenetic trees were used to evaluate the relationship of household and community sequences. There were 178 SARS-CoV-2 cases in 706 households. Among 147 specimens sequenced, 106 yielded a whole-genome consensus with coverage suitable for identifying iSNV. Twenty-six households had sequences from multiple cases within 14 days. Consensus sequences were indistinguishable among cases in 15 households, while 11 had ≥1 consensus sequence that differed by 1 to 2 mutations. Sequences from households and the community were often interspersed on phylogenetic trees. Identification of iSNV improved inference in 2 of 15 households with indistinguishable consensus sequences and in 6 of 11 with distinct ones. In multiple-infection households, whole-genome consensus sequences differed by 0 to 1 mutations. Identification of shared iSNV occasionally resolved linkage, but the low genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 limits the utility of “sequence-only” transmission inference. IMPORTANCE We performed whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from prospectively identified cases in three longitudinal household cohorts. In a majority of multi-infection households, SARS-CoV-2 consensus sequences were indistinguishable, and they differed by 1 to 2 mutations in the rest. Importantly, even with modest genomic surveillance of the community (3 to 5% of cases sequenced), it was not uncommon to find community sequences interspersed with household sequences on phylogenetic trees. Identification of shared minority variants only occasionally resolved these ambiguities in transmission linkage. Overall, the low genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 limits the utility of “sequence-only” transmission inference. Our work highlights the need to carefully consider both epidemiologic linkage and sequence data to define transmission chains in households, hospitals, and other transmission settings.
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- 2022
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8. What do pregnant women think about influenza disease and vaccination practices in selected countries
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Carmen S. Arriola, Piyarat Suntarattiwong, Fatimah S. Dawood, Giselle Soto, Prabir Das, Danielle R. Hunt, Chalinthorn Sinthuwattanawibool, Kunal Kurhe, Mark G. Thompson, Meredith G. Wesley, Siddhartha Saha, Danielle Hombroek, Tana Brummer, Wanitchaya Kittikraisak, Surasak Kaoiean, Joan Neyra, Candice Romero, Archana Patel, Savita Bhargav, Vaishali Khedikar, Shikha Garg, Joshua A Mott, Oswaldo Gonzales, Santiago Cabrera, Richard Florian, Seema Parvekar, Krissada Tomyabatra, Amber Prakash, and Yeny O. Tinoco
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pregnant women ,influenza ,influenza vaccination ,knowledge ,attitudes ,practices ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Introduction: We evaluated knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to influenza and influenza vaccination among pregnant women in three selected countries. Methods: During 2017, pregnant women seeking antenatal care at hospitals at participating sites were enrolled. We described characteristics and responses to KAP questions. We also evaluated predictors associated with influenza vaccination during pregnancy at sites with substantial influenza vaccine uptake by multivariable logistic regression. Results: Overall, 4,648 pregnant women completed the survey. There were substantial differences among the three survey populations; only 8% of the women in Nagpur had heard of influenza, compared to 90% in Lima and 96% in Bangkok (p-value
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- 2021
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9. Detection and Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in Three Self-Collected Specimen Types: Flocked Midturbinate Swab (MTS) in Viral Transport Media, Foam MTS, and Saliva
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Vic Veguilla, Ashley L. Fowlkes, Adam Bissonnette, Shawn Beitel, Manjusha Gaglani, Christina A. Porucznik, Melissa S. Stockwell, Harmony L. Tyner, Allison L. Naleway, Sarang K. Yoon, Alberto J. Caban-Martinez, Meredith G. Wesley, Jazmin Duque, Zuha Jeddy, Joseph B. Stanford, Michael Daugherty, Ashton Dixon, Jefferey L. Burgess, Marilyn Odean, Holly C. Groom, Andrew L. Phillips, Natasha Schaefer-Solle, Peenaz Mistry, Melissa A. Rolfes, Mark Thompson, Fatimah S. Dawood, and Jennifer Meece
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COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,sensitivity ,respiratory specimens ,RT-PCR ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Respiratory specimen collection materials shortages hampers severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing. We compared specimen alternatives and evaluated SARS-CoV-2 RNA stability under simulated shipping conditions. We compared concordance of RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 from flocked midturbinate swabs (MTS) in viral transport media (VTM), foam MTS without VTM, and saliva. Specimens were collected between August 2020 and April 2021 from three prospective cohorts. We compared RT-PCR cycle quantification (Cq) for Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N), and the Open Reading Frame 1ab (ORF) genes for flocked MTS and saliva specimens tested before and after exposure to a range of storage temperatures (4–30°C) and times (2, 3, and 7 days). Of 1,900 illnesses with ≥2 specimen types tested, 335 (18%) had SARS-CoV-2 detected in ≥1 specimen; 304 (91%) were concordant across specimen types. Among illnesses with SARS-CoV-2 detection, 97% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 94–98%) were positive on flocked MTS, 99% (95% CI: 97–100%) on saliva, and 89% (95% CI: 84–93%) on foam MTS. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in flocked MTS and saliva stored up to 30°C for 7 days. All specimen types provided highly concordant SARS-CoV-2 results. These findings support a range of viable options for specimen types, collection, and transport methods that may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 testing during supply and personnel shortages. IMPORTANCE Findings from this analysis indicate that (1) self-collection of flocked and foam MTS and saliva samples is feasible in both adults and children, (2) foam MTS with VTM and saliva are both viable and reasonable alternatives to traditional flocked MTS in VTM for SARS-CoV-2 detection, and (3) these sample types may be stored and transported at ambient temperatures for up to 7 days without compromising sample quality. These findings support methods of sample collection for SARS-CoV-2 detection that may facilitate widespread community testing in the setting of supply and personnel shortages during the current pandemic.
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- 2022
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10. Binding and neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in very young children exceed those in adults
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Ruth A. Karron, Maria Garcia Quesada, Elizabeth A. Schappell, Stephen D. Schmidt, Maria Deloria Knoll, Marissa K. Hetrich, Vic Veguilla, Nicole Doria-Rose, Fatimah S. Dawood, and SEARCh Study Team
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COVID-19 ,Infectious disease ,Medicine - Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infections are frequently milder in children than adults, suggesting that immune responses may vary with age. However, information is limited regarding SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in young children.Methods We compared receptor binding domain–binding antibody (RBDAb) titers and SARS-CoV-2–neutralizing antibody titers, measured by pseudovirus-neutralizing antibody assay in serum specimens obtained from children aged 0–4 years and 5–17 years and in adults aged 18–62 years at the time of enrollment in a prospective longitudinal household study of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Results Among 56 seropositive participants at enrollment, children aged 0–4 years had more than 10-fold higher RBDAb titers than adults (416 vs. 31, P < 0.0001) and the highest RBDAb titers in 11 of 12 households with seropositive children and adults. Children aged 0–4 years had only 2-fold higher neutralizing antibody than adults, resulting in higher binding-to-neutralizing antibody ratios compared with adults (2.36 vs. 0.35 for ID50, P = 0.0004).Conclusion These findings suggest that young children mount robust antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 following community infections. Additionally, these results support using neutralizing antibody to measure the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in children aged 0–4 years.Funding CDC (award 75D30120C08737).
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- 2022
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11. Influenza virus seroincidence in a cohort of healthy and high-risk children enrolled in infancy, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kamonthip Rungrojcharoenkit, Wanitchaya Kittikraisak, Darunee Ditsungnoen, Sonja J. Olsen, Piyarat Suntarattiwong, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Chonticha Klungthong, In-Kyu Yoon, Fatimah S. Dawood, Stefan Fernandez, Louis Macareo, and Kim A. Lindblade
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Background: We measured seroconversion to influenza viruses and incidence of symptomatic influenza virus infection in a cohort of children in Bangkok, Thailand. Methods: Children aged ≤6 months were followed for two years for acute respiratory illness (ARI) and had serum specimens taken at 6-month intervals and tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Seroconversion was defined as a >4-fold rise in the HI titers between time points with a titer of >40 in the second specimen. Respiratory swabs were tested by rRT-PCR for influenza. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models. Results: Of 350 children, 266 (76%, 147 were healthy and 119 were high-risk) had ≥2 serum specimens collected before influenza vaccination. During the 2-year follow-up, 266 children contributed 370 person-years of observation, excluding post-vaccination periods. We identified 32 ARI cases with rRT-PCR-confirmed influenza virus infection (7 infections/100 person-years, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4–11). There were 126 episodes of influenza virus infection, resulting in a seroconversion rate of 35 infections/100 person-years (95% CI, 30–42). Rates in healthy and high-risk children did not differ. Conclusions: Influenza virus infection is common during the first two years of life among Thai children. A large proportion of infections may not be detected using the ARI case definition. Keywords: Seroconversion, Seroincidence, Influenza, Pediatric, Thailand
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- 2019
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12. The Pregnancy and Influenza Multinational Epidemiologic (PRIME) study: a prospective cohort study of the impact of influenza during pregnancy among women in middle-income countries
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Fatimah S. Dawood, Danielle Hunt, Archana Patel, Wanitchaya Kittikraisak, Yeny Tinoco, Kunal Kurhe, Giselle Soto, Danielle Hombroek, Shikha Garg, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Oswaldo Gonzales, Savita Bhargav, Mark G. Thompson, Bajaree Chotpitayasunondh, Richard Florian, Amber Prakash, Sofia Arriola, Louis Macareo, Prabir Das, Santiago Cabrera, Sayda La Rosa, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, and for the Pregnancy and Influenza Multinational Epidemiologic (PRIME) Study Working Group
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Influenza ,Respiratory infection ,Pregnancy ,Premature birth ,Birth weight ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Abstract Background The World Health Organization identifies pregnant women as at high-risk for severe influenza, but influenza vaccines are underutilized among pregnant women. Data on influenza burden during pregnancy are largely limited to high-income countries and data on the impact of influenza on birth and perinatal outcomes are scarce. Methods/design This prospective, longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women in middle-income countries is designed to address three primary objectives: 1) to evaluate the effect of laboratory-confirmed influenza during pregnancy on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes; 2) to estimate the incidences of all-cause acute respiratory illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza during pregnancy; and 3) to examine the clinical spectrum of illness associated with influenza viruses. Through a multi-country network approach, three sites aim to enroll cohorts of 1500–3000 pregnant women just before local influenza seasons. Women aged ≥ 18 years with expected delivery dates ≥ 8 weeks after the start of the influenza season are eligible. Women are followed throughout pregnancy through twice weekly surveillance for influenza symptoms (≥ 1 of myalgia, cough, runny nose, sore throat, or difficulty breathing) and have mid-turbinate nasal swabs collected for influenza virus testing during illness episodes. Primary outcomes include relative risk of preterm birth and mean birth weight among term singleton infants of women with and without reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed influenza during pregnancy. Gestational age is determined by ultrasound at
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- 2018
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13. Tolerability of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among pregnant women, 2015
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Suvanna Asavapiriyanont, Wanitchaya Kittikraisak, Piyarat Suntarattiwong, Darunee Ditsungnoen, Surasak Kaoiean, Podjanee Phadungkiatwatana, Nattinee Srisantiroj, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Fatimah S. Dawood, and Kim A. Lindblade
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Tolerability ,Influenza ,Vaccination ,Pregnant women ,Thailand ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Abstract Background Thailand recommends influenza vaccination among pregnant women. We conducted a cohort study to determine if the prevalence of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) with influenza vaccine among Thai pregnant women was similar to that often cited among healthy adults. Methods Women who were ≥17 gestational weeks and ≥18 years of age were recruited. Demographic and health history data were collected using structured questionnaires. Women were provided with symptom diary, ruler to measure local reaction(s), and thermometer to measure body temperature. AEFIs were defined as any new symptom/abnormality occurring within four weeks after vaccination. The diaries were abstracted for frequency, duration, and level of discomfort/inconvenience of the AEFIs. Serious adverse events (SAEs) and the likelihood of AEFIs being associated with vaccination were determined using standard definitions. Results Among 305 women enrolled between July–November 2015, median age was 29 years. Of these, 223 (73%) were in their third trimester, 271 (89%) had completed secondary school or higher, and 20 (7%) reported ≥1 pre-existing conditions. AEFIs were reported in 134 women (44%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 38–50%). Soreness at the injection site (74, 24%; CI 19–29%), general weakness (50, 16%; CI 12–21%), muscle ache (49, 16%; CI 12–21%), and headache (45, 15%; CI 1–19%) were most common. Of those with AEFIs, 120 (89%) reported symptom/abnormality occurred on day 0 or day 1 following vaccination. Ten women (7%) reported the AEFIs affected daily activities. The AEFIs generally spontaneously resolved within 24 h of onset. There were two vaccine-unrelated SAEs. Of 294 women with complete follow-up, 279 (95%) had term deliveries, 12 (4%) had preterm deliveries, and 3 (1%) had miscarriage or stillbirth. Conclusion In our cohort, AEFIs with influenza vaccine occurred with similar frequency to those reported among healthy adults in other studies, and were generally mild and self-limited. No influenza vaccine-associated SAEs were identified.
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- 2018
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14. Seropositivity for Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus among Frontline Health Care Personnel
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Kumar Alagappan, Robert A. Silverman, Kathy Hancock, Mary Frances Ward, Meredith Akerman, Fatimah S. Dawood, Alicia Branch, Sandra De Cicco, Evelene Steward-Clark, Megan McCullough, Karen Tenner, and Jacqueline M. Katz
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H1N1 influenza virus ,A(H1N1)pdm09 virus ,influenza ,viruses ,seropositivity ,emergency department service ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Seroprevalence of antibodies to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus among 193 emergency department health care personnel was similar among 147 non–health care personnel (odds ratio 1.4, 95% CI 0.8–2.4). Working in an acute care setting did not substantially increase risk for virus infection above risk conferred by community-based exposures.
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- 2013
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15. Factors Associated with Intention to Vaccinate Children 0-11 Years of Age Against COVID-19
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Melissa S, Stockwell, Christina A, Porucznik, Ashton, Dixon, Jazmin, Duque, Joseph B, Stanford, Vic, Veguilla, and Fatimah S, Dawood
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Parents ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Child, Preschool ,Vaccination ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,COVID-19 ,Intention ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,Family Practice - Abstract
Millions of children have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and over 1000 children have died in the US. However, vaccination rates for children 5 to 11 years old are low.Starting in August 2020, we conducted a prospective SARS-CoV-2 household surveillance study in Spanish and English-speaking households in New York City and Utah. From October 21 to 25, 2021, we asked caregivers about their likelihood of getting COVID-19 vaccine for their child, and reasons that they might or might not vaccinate that child. We compared intent to vaccinate by site, demographic characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 infection detected by study surveillance, and parents' COVID-19 vaccination status using Chi-square tests and a multivariable logistic regression model, accounting for within-household clustering.Among parents or caregivers of 309 children (0 to 11 years) in 172 households, 87% were very or somewhat likely to intend to vaccinate their child. The most prevalent reasons for intending to vaccinate were to protect family and friends and the community; individual prevention was mentioned less often. The most prevalent reasons for not intending to vaccinate were side effect concerns and wanting to wait and see.In multivariable analysis, parents had much lower odds of intending to vaccinate if someone in the household had tested SARS-CoV-2-positive during the study (adjusted odds ratio = 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.3).This study highlighted several themes for clinicians and public health officials to consider including the importance and safety of vaccination for this age-group even if infected previously, and the benefits of vaccination to protect family, friends, and community.
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- 2022
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16. Medically Attended Influenza During Pregnancy in the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 Influenza Seasons
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Stephanie A. Irving, Elizabeth Shuster, Jillian T. Henderson, De-Kun Li, Jeannette Ferber, Roxana Odouli, Flor M. Munoz, Erin Nicholson, Louise Hadden, Mary Juergens, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Lawrence Reichle, Carmen Sofia Arriola, Fatimah S. Dawood, Michael Daugherty, Kristina Wielgosz, and Allison L. Naleway
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Obstetrics and Gynecology - Published
- 2022
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17. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Testing and Detection During Peripartum Hospitalizations Among a Multicenter Cohort of Pregnant Persons: March 2020–February 2021
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Miranda J Delahoy, Flor Munoz, De-Kun Li, Carmen Sofia Arriola, Nanette Lee Bond, Michael Daugherty, Jeannette Ferber, Nickolas Ferguson, Louise Hadden, Jillian T Henderson, Stephanie A Irving, Mary Juergens, Venkatesh Kancharla, Mara Greenberg, Roxana Odouli, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Erin G Nicholson, Lawrence Reichle, Momodou Sanyang, Margaret Snead, Fatimah S Dawood, and Allison L Naleway
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Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases - Abstract
Background Identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections during peripartum hospitalizations is important to guide care, implement prevention measures, and understand infection burden. Methods This cross-sectional analysis used electronic health record data from hospitalizations during which pregnancies ended (peripartum hospitalizations) among a cohort of pregnant persons at 3 US integrated healthcare networks (sites 1–3). Maternal demographic, medical encounter, SARS-CoV-2 testing, and pregnancy and neonatal outcome information was extracted for persons with estimated delivery and pregnancy end dates during March 2020–February 2021 and ≥1 antenatal care record. Site-stratified multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with testing and compare pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among persons tested. Results Among 17 858 pregnant persons, 10 863 (60.8%) had peripartum SARS-CoV-2 testing; 222/10 683 (2.0%) had positive results. Testing prevalence varied by site and was lower during March–May 2020. Factors associated with higher peripartum SARS-CoV-2 testing odds were Asian race (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.79; referent: White) (site 1), Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (aOR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.08–1.64) (site 2), peripartum Medicaid coverage (aOR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.06–1.66) (site 1), and preterm hospitalization (aOR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.19–2.39 [site 1]; aOR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.03–1.88 [site 2]). Conclusions Findings highlight potential disparities in SARS-CoV-2 peripartum testing by demographic and pregnancy characteristics. Testing practice variations should be considered when interpreting studies relying on convenience samples of pregnant persons testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Efforts to address testing differences between groups could improve equitable testing practices and care for pregnant persons with SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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- 2022
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18. Immunogenicity of High-Dose Egg-Based, Recombinant, and Cell Culture-Based Influenza Vaccines Compared to Standard-Dose Egg-Based Influenza Vaccine among Healthcare Personnel Aged 18-65 Years in 2019-2020
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Allison L Naleway, Sara S Kim, Brendan Flannery, Min Z Levine, Kempapura Murthy, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Shivaprakash Gangappa, Laura J Edwards, Sarah Ball, Lauren Grant, Tnelda Zunie, Weiping Cao, F Liaini Gross, Holly Groom, Alicia M Fry, Danielle Hunt, Zuha Jeddy, Margarita Mishina, Meredith G Wesley, Sarah Spencer, Mark G Thompson, Manjusha Gaglani, and Fatimah S Dawood
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Infectious Diseases ,Oncology - Abstract
Background Emerging data suggest second-generation influenza vaccines with higher hemagglutinin (HA) antigen content and/or different production methods may induce stronger antibody responses to HA than standard-dose egg-based influenza vaccines in adults. We compared antibody responses to high-dose egg-based inactivated (HD-IIV3), recombinant (RIV4), and cell-culture based (ccIIV4), versus standard-dose egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine (SD-IIV4) among healthcare personnel (HCP) aged 18-65 years in two influenza seasons (2018-19, 2019-20). Methods In the second trial season, newly and re-enrolled HCPs who received SD-IIV4 in season one were randomized to receive RIV4, ccIIV4, or SD-IIV4 or were enrolled in an off-label, non-randomized arm to receive HD-IIV3. Pre-vaccination and one month post-vaccination sera were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay against four cell-culture propagated vaccine reference viruses. Primary outcomes, adjusted for study site and baseline HI titer, were seroconversion rate (SCR), geometric mean titers (GMTs), mean fold rise (MFR), and GMT ratios that compared vaccine groups to SD-IIV4. Results Among 390 HCP in the per protocol population, 79 received HD-IIV3, 103 RIV4, 106 ccIIV4, and 102 SD-IIV4. HD-IIV3 recipients had similar post-vaccination antibody titers compared with SD-IIV4 recipients, whereas RIV4 recipients had significantly higher one month post-vaccination antibody titers against vaccine reference viruses for all outcomes. Conclusions HD-IIV3 did not induce higher antibody responses than SD-IIV4, but consistent with previous studies, RIV4 was associated with higher post-vaccination antibody titers. These findings suggest that recombinant vaccines rather than vaccines with higher egg-based antigen dose may provide improved antibody responses in highly vaccinated populations.
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- 2023
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19. Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines Versus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Pregnant Women and Vaccine-Induced Antibody Transfer to Infants
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Fatimah S Dawood, Alan Tita, Melissa S Stockwell, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Kristina Wielgosz, Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, Ashley Battarbee, Lawrence Reichle, Natalie Thornburg, Sascha Ellington, Romeo R Galang, Kelly Vorwaller, Celibell Y Vargas, Tyler Morrill, Mickey Parks, Emily Powers, Marie Gibson, and Michael Varner
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Infectious Diseases ,Oncology - Abstract
Background Early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine trials excluded pregnant women, resulting in limited data about immunogenicity and maternal–fetal antibody transfer, particularly by gestational timing of vaccination. Methods In this multicenter observational immunogenicity study, pregnant and nonpregnant women receiving COVID-19 vaccines were prospectively enrolled. Participants had sera collected before vaccination, at 14–28 days after each vaccine dose, at delivery (umbilical cord and peripheral), and from their infants at 3 and 6 months. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ID50 neutralizing antibody (nAb) against D614G-like viruses were compared by participant characteristics. Results Overall, 23 nonpregnant and 85 pregnant participants (trimester of first vaccine dose: 10 first, 47 second, 28 third) were enrolled. Ninety-three percent (76/82 with blood samples) of pregnant participants had detectable SARS-CoV-2 nAb after 2 vaccine doses, but GMTs (95% confidence intervals) were lower in pregnant participants than nonpregnant participants (1722 [1136–2612] vs 4419 [2012–9703]; P = .04). By 3 and 6 months, 28% and 74% of infants, respectively, of vaccinated participants had no detectable nAb to D614G-like viruses. Among the 71 pregnant participants without detectable nAb before vaccination, cord blood GMTs at delivery were 5-fold higher among participants vaccinated during the third versus first trimester, and cord blood nAb titers appeared inversely correlated with weeks since first vaccine dose (R2 = 0.06, P = .06). Conclusions Though most pregnant women develop nAb after 2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, this analysis suggests that infant protection from maternal vaccination varies by gestational timing of vaccination and wanes. Additional prevention strategies such as caregiver vaccination may warrant consideration to optimize infant protection.
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- 2023
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20. SARS-CoV-2 incidence, transmission, and reinfection in a rural and an urban setting: results of the PHIRST-C cohort study, South Africa, 2020–21
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Cheryl Cohen, Jackie Kleynhans, Anne von Gottberg, Meredith L McMorrow, Nicole Wolter, Jinal N Bhiman, Jocelyn Moyes, Mignon du Plessis, Maimuna Carrim, Amelia Buys, Neil A Martinson, Kathleen Kahn, Stephen Tollman, Limakatso Lebina, Floidy Wafawanaka, Jacques D du Toit, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Fatimah S Dawood, Thulisa Mkhencele, Kaiyuan Sun, Cécile Viboud, Stefano Tempia, Linda de Gouveia, Jacques du Toit, Francesc X Gómez-Olivé, Kgaugelo P Kgasago, Retshidisitswe Kotane, Neil A. Martinson, and Tumelo Moloantoa
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Cohort Studies ,South Africa ,Infectious Diseases ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Incidence ,Reinfection ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,HIV Infections ,Disease Susceptibility ,Prospective Studies - Abstract
By August, 2021, South Africa had been affected by three waves of SARS-CoV-2; the second associated with the beta variant and the third with the delta variant. Data on SARS-CoV-2 burden, transmission, and asymptomatic infections from Africa are scarce. We aimed to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 burden and transmission in one rural and one urban community in South Africa.We conducted a prospective cohort study of households in Agincourt, Mpumalanga province (rural site) and Klerksdorp, North West province (urban site) from July, 2020 to August, 2021. We randomly selected households for the rural site from a health and sociodemographic surveillance system and for the urban site using GPS coordinates. Households with more than two members and where at least 75% of members consented to participate were eligible. Midturbinate nasal swabs were collected twice a week from household members irrespective of symptoms and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time RT-PCR (RT-rtPCR). Serum was collected every 2 months and tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Main outcomes were the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, frequency of reinfection, symptomatic fraction (percent of infected individuals with ≥1 symptom), the duration of viral RNA shedding (number of days of SARS-CoV-2 RT-rtPCR positivity), and the household cumulative infection risk (HCIR; number of infected household contacts divided by the number of susceptible household members).222 households (114 at the rural site and 108 at the urban site), and 1200 household members (643 at the rural site and 557 at the urban site) were included in the analysis. For 115 759 nasal specimens from 1200 household members (follow-up 92·5%), 1976 (1·7%) were SARS-CoV-2-positive on RT-rtPCR. By RT-rtPCR and serology combined, 749 of 1200 individuals (62·4% [95% CI 58·1-66·4]) had at least one SARS-CoV-2 infection episode, and 87 of 749 (11·6% [9·4-14·2]) were reinfected. The mean infection episode duration was 11·6 days (SD 9·0; range 4-137). Of 662 RT-rtPCR-confirmed episodes (14 days after the start of follow-up) with available data, 97 (14·7% [11·9-17·9]) were symptomatic with at least one symptom (in individuals aged19 years, 28 [7·5%] of 373 episodes symptomatic; in individuals aged ≥19 years, 69 [23·9%] of 289 episodes symptomatic). Among 222 households, 200 (90·1% [85·3-93·7]) had at least one SARS-CoV-2-positive individual on RT-rtPCR or serology. HCIR overall was 23·9% (195 of 817 susceptible household members infected [95% CI 19·8-28·4]). HCIR was 23·3% (20 of 86) for symptomatic index cases and 23·9% (175 of 731) for asymptomatic index cases (univariate odds ratio [OR] 1·0 [95% CI 0·5-2·0]). On multivariable analysis, accounting for age and sex, low minimum cycle threshold value (≤30 vs30) of the index case (OR 5·3 [2·3-12·4]) and beta and delta variant infection (vs Wuhan-Hu-1, OR 3·3 [1·4-8·2] and 10·4 [4·1-26·7], respectively) were associated with increased HCIR. People living with HIV who were not virally supressed (≥400 viral load copies per mL) were more likely to develop symptomatic illness when infected with SAR-CoV-2 (OR 3·3 [1·3-8·4]), and shed SARS-CoV-2 for longer (hazard ratio 0·4 [95% CI 0·3-0·6]) compared with HIV-uninfected individuals.In this study, 565 (85·3%) SARS-CoV-2 infections were asymptomatic and index case symptom status did not affect HCIR, suggesting a limited role for control measures targeting symptomatic individuals. Increased household transmission of beta and delta variants was likely to have contributed to successive waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with more than 60% of individuals infected by the end of follow-up.US CDC, South Africa National Institute for Communicable Diseases, and Wellcome Trust.
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- 2022
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21. Consistency of self‐reported and documented historical influenza vaccination status of US healthcare workers
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Annette K. Regan, Meredith G. Wesley, Manjusha Gaglani, Sara S. Kim, Laura J. Edwards, Kempapura Murthy, Zuha Jeddy, Allison L. Naleway, Brendan Flannery, Fatimah S. Dawood, and Holly Groom
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Influenza Vaccines ,Epidemiology ,Health Personnel ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Influenza, Human ,Vaccination ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Self Report - Abstract
Healthcare personnel (HCP) are a priority group for annual influenza vaccination. Few studies have assessed the validity of recall of prior influenza vaccination status among HCP, especially for more than one preceding season.Using data from a randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccination among 947 HCP from two US healthcare systems, we assessed agreement between participant self-report and administrative record documentation of influenza vaccination status during the preceding five influenza seasons; kappa coefficients and sensitivity values were calculated. Administrative record documentation was considered the gold standard. Documented vaccination sources included electronic medical records, employee health records, outside immunization providers, and the state immunization information system.Among 683 HCP with prior influenza immunization information, 89.7% (95% CI: 87.2%, 91.9%) of HCP were able to self-report their vaccination status for the season preceding the survey. By the fifth preceding season, 82.6% (95% CI: 79.5%, 85.3%) of HCP were able to self-report. Among HCP who self-reported their vaccination status, agreement between self-report and documented vaccination status ranged from 81.9% (95% CI: 77.2%, 86.7%) for the fifth season to 90.5% (95% CI: 87.2%, 93.9%) for the season preceding interview. HCP who received vaccine for only some of the preceding five seasons (18.3%) more commonly had ≥2 errors in their recall compared with those vaccinated all five preceding seasons (55.7% vs. 4.3%).Self-reported vaccination status is a reliable source for historical influenza vaccination information among HCP who are consistently vaccinated but less reliable for those with a history of inconsistent vaccination.
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- 2022
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22. Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized Pregnant Women With Influenza, 2010 to 2019
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Rachel Holstein, Fatimah S. Dawood, Alissa O’Halloran, Charisse Cummings, Dawud Ujamaa, Pam Daily Kirley, Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, Emily Fawcett, Maya L. Monroe, Sue Kim, Ruth Lynfield, Chelsea McMullen, Alison Muse, Nancy M. Bennett, Laurie M. Billing, Melissa Sutton, Ann Thomas, H. Keipp Talbot, William Schaffner, Ilene Risk, Carrie Reed, and Shikha Garg
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Adult ,Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ,General Medicine ,Hospitalization ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,Pregnancy ,Influenza, Human ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Hospital Mortality ,Pregnant Women ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - Abstract
Pregnant women may be at increased risk for severe influenza-associated outcomes.To describe characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized pregnant women with influenza.Repeated cross-sectional study.The population-based U.S. Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network during the 2010-2011 through 2018-2019 influenza seasons.Pregnant women (aged 15 to 44 years) hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza identified through provider-initiated or facility-based testing practices.Clinical characteristics, interventions, and in-hospital maternal and fetal outcomes were obtained through medical chart abstraction. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between influenza A subtype and severe maternal influenza-associated outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or in-hospital death.Of 9652 women aged 15 to 44 years and hospitalized with influenza, 2690 (27.9%) were pregnant. Among the 2690 pregnant women, the median age was 28 years, 62% were in their third trimester, and 42% had at least 1 underlying condition. Overall, 32% were vaccinated against influenza and 88% received antiviral treatment. Five percent required ICU admission, 2% required mechanical ventilation, and 0.3% (Maternal and fetal outcomes that occurred after hospital discharge were not captured.Over 9 influenza seasons, one third of reproductive-aged women hospitalized with influenza were pregnant. Influenza A H1N1 was associated with more severe maternal outcomes. Pregnant women remain a high-priority target group for vaccination.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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- 2022
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23. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Neutralizing Antibody Responses After Community Infections in Children and Adults
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Fatimah S Dawood, Alexia Couture, Xueyan Zhang, Melissa S Stockwell, Christina A Porucznik, Joseph B Stanford, Marissa Hetrich, Vic Veguilla, Natalie Thornburg, Christopher D Heaney, Jing Wang, Jazmin Duque, Zuha Jeddy, Maria Deloria Knoll, and Ruth Karron
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Infectious Diseases ,Oncology - Abstract
Background We compared postinfection severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses among children and adults while the D614G-like strain and Alpha, Iota, and Delta variants circulated. Methods During August 2020–October 2021, households with adults and children were enrolled and followed in Utah, New York City, and Maryland. Participants collected weekly respiratory swabs that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and had sera collected during enrollment and follow-up. Sera were tested for SARS-CoV-2 nAb by pseudovirus assay. Postinfection titers were characterized with biexponential decay models. Results Eighty participants had SARS-CoV-2 infection during the study (47 with D614G-like virus, 17 with B.1.1.7, and 8 each with B.1.617.2 and B.1.526 virus). Homologous nAb geometric mean titers (GMTs) trended higher in adults (GMT = 2320) versus children 0–4 (GMT = 425, P = .33) and 5–17 years (GMT = 396, P = .31) at 1–5 weeks postinfection but were similar from 6 weeks. Timing of peak titers was similar by age. Results were consistent when participants with self-reported infection before enrollment were included (n = 178). Conclusions The SARS-CoV-2 nAb titers differed in children compared to adults early after infection but were similar by 6 weeks postinfection. If postvaccination nAb kinetics have similar trends, vaccine immunobridging studies may need to compare nAb responses in adults and children 6 weeks or more after vaccination.
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- 2023
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24. Effectiveness of Maternal Influenza Vaccination in Peru PRIME Cohort
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Daniel Owusu, Fatimah S Dawood, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Yeny Tinoco, Giselle Soto, Oswaldo Gonzalez, Santiago Cabrera, Richard Florian, Edwin Llajaruna, Danielle Rentz Hunt, Meredith G Wesley, Tat Yau, and Carmen S Arriola
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Infectious Diseases ,Oncology - Abstract
Background Few studies have examined influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) among women during pregnancy in middle-income countries. We used data from a prospective cohort of women who were pregnant in Peru to estimate effectiveness of the 2018 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine. Methods Women at Results We followed 1896 women for a median of 127 days (interquartile range [IQR], 86–174). Participants had a median age of 29 years (IQR, 24–34). Among the 1896 women, 49% were vaccinated with the 2018 influenza vaccine and 1039 (55%) developed influenza-like illness, 76 (7%) of whom had RT-PCR-confirmed influenza. Incidence rates of RT-PCR-confirmed influenza were 36.6 and 15.3 per 100 000 person-days among women who were unvaccinated and vaccinated, respectively. Adjusted influenza VE was 22% (95% confidence interval, −64.1% to 62.9%). Conclusions Participants vaccinated against influenza had more than 50% lower incidence of RT-PCR-confirmed influenza illness. Although the VE estimated through propensity weight-adjusted time-varying Cox regression did not reach statistical significance, our findings provide additional evidence about the value of maternal influenza vaccination in middle-income countries.
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- 2023
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25. Influenza Viruses
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Fatimah S. Dawood and Suchitra Rao
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- 2023
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26. Contributors
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Mark J. Abzug, Elisabeth E. Adderson, Aastha Agarwal, Allison L. Agwu, Lindsey Albenberg, Jonathan Albert, Kevin Alby, Grace M. Aldrovandi, Upton D. Allen, Gerardo Alvarez-Hernndez, Krow Ampofo, Evan J. Anderson, Grace D. Appiah, Monica I. Ardura, Stephen S. Arnon, Naomi E. Aronson, Ann M. Arvin, Shai Ashkenazi, Liat Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, Edwin J. Asturias, Kestutis Aukstuolis, Vahe Badalyan, Carol J. Baker, Karthik Balakrishnan, Elizabeth D. Barnett, Kirsten Bechtel, William E. Benitz, Rachel Berkovich, David M. Berman, Stephanie R. Bialek, Else M. Bijker, Matthew J. Bizzarro, Karen C. Bloch, Joseph A. Bocchini, Thomas G. Boyce, John S. Bradley, Denise F. Bratcher, Paula K. Braverman, Itzhak Brook, Kevin Edward Brown, Kristina P. Bryant, Andres F. Camacho-Gonzalez, Connie F. Caete-Gibas, Joseph B. Cantey, Paul Cantey, Cristina V. Cardemil, Mary T. Caserta, Luis A. Castagnini, Jessica R. Cataldi, Ellen Gould Chadwick, Rebecca J. Chancey, Cara C. Cherry, Silvia S. Chiang, Mary Choi, John C. Christenson, Susan E. Coffin, Amanda Cohn, Despina G. Contopoulos-Ioannidis, James H. Conway, Margaret M. Cortese, C. Buddy Creech, Jonathan D. Crews, Donna Curtis, Nigel Curtis, Lara A. Danziger-Isakov, Toni Darville, Gregory A. Dasch, Irini Daskalaki, H. Dele Davies, Fatimah S. Dawood, J. Christopher Day, M. Teresa de la Morena, Gregory P. DeMuri, Dickson D. Despommier, Daniel S. Dodson, Stephen J. Dolgner, Clinton Dunn, Jonathan Dyal, Kathryn M. Edwards, Morven S. Edwards, Dawn Z. Eichenfield, Lawrence F. Eichenfield, Dirk M. Elston, Beth Emerson, Leslie A. Enane, Moshe Ephros, Guliz Erdem, Marina E. Eremeeva, Douglas H. Esposito, Monica M. Farley, Anat R. Feingold, Kristina N. Feja, Adam Finn, Marc Fischer, Brian T. Fisher, Randall G. Fisher, Patricia Michele Flynn, Monique A. Foster, LeAnne M. Fox, Michael M. Frank, Douglas R. Fredrick, Robert W. Frenck, James Gaensbauer, Hayley A. Gans, Gregory M. Gauthier, Patrick Gavigan, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Yael Gernez, Francis Gigliotti, Mark A. Gilger, Carol A. Glaser, Jane M. Gould, James Graziano, Amanda M. Green, Michael Green, Daniel Griffin, Patricia M. Griffin, David C. Griffith, Piyush Gupta, Bruce J. Gutelius, Julie R. Gutman, Aron J. Hall, Rana F. Hamdy, Jin-Young Han, Lori K. Handy, Benjamin Hanisch, Marvin B. Harper, Aaron M. Harris, Christopher J. Harrison, David B. Haslam, Julia C. Haston, Sarah.J. Hawkes, Taylor Heald-Sargent, J. Owen Hendley, Adam L. Hersh, Joseph A. Hilinski, Susan L. Hills, David K. Hong, Peter J. Hotez, Katherine K. Hsu, Felicia Scaggs Huang, David A. Hunstad, W. Garrett Hunt, Loris Y. Hwang, Christelle M. Ilboudo, Preeti Jaggi, Sophonie Jean, Ravi Jhaveri, Kateina Jirk-Pomajbkov, Nadia A. Kadry, Mary L. Kamb, Ronak K. Kapadia, Ben Z. Katz, Sophie E. Katz, Ishminder Kaur, Gilbert J. Kersh, Muhammad Ali Khan, Ananta Khurana, David W. Kimberlin, Bruce Klein, Miwako Kobayashi, Larry K. Kociolek, Andrew Y. Koh, Karen L. Kotloff, Andrew T. Kroger, Matthew P. Kronman, Leah Lalor, Christine T. Lauren, Amy Leber, Eyal Leshem, David B. Lewis, Robyn A. Livingston, Eloisa Llata, Kevin Lloyd, Katrina Loh, Sarah S. Long, Benjamin A. Lopman, Yalda C. Lucero, Debra J. Lugo, Jorge Lujn-Zilbermann, Yvonne A. Maldonado, John J. Manaloor, Kalpana Manthiram, Stacey W. Martin, Roshni Mathew, Tony Mazzulli, Elizabeth J. McFarland, Kathleen A. McGann, Lucy A. McNamara, Debrah Meislich, H. Cody Meissner, Asuncion Mejias, Jussi Mertsola, Kevin Messacar, Mohammad Nael Mhaissen, Marian G. Michaels, Melissa B. Miller, Hilary Miller-Handley, Eric Mintz, Parvathi Mohan, Susan P. Montgomery, Jose G. Montoya, Anne C. Moorman, Pedro L. Moro, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, William J. Muller, Angela L. Myers, Simon Nadel, Jennifer Lynn Nayak, Michael Noel Neely, Karen P. Neil, Christina A. Nelson, Noele P. Nelson, Megin Nichols, William Nicholson, Amy Jo Nopper, Laura E. Norton, Theresa J. Ochoa, Liset Olarte, Timothy R. Onarecker, Walter A. Orenstein, Miguel ORyan, William R. Otto, Christopher P. Ouellette, Christopher D. Paddock, Debra L. Palazzi, Suresh Kumar Panuganti, Diane E. Pappas, Michal Paret, Daniel M. Pastula, Thomas F. Patterson, Brett W. Petersen, Mikael Petrosyan, Larry K. Pickering, Talia Pindyck, Swetha Pinninti, Laure F. Pittet, Paul J. Planet, Andrew J. Pollard, Klara M. Posfay-Barbe, Casper S. Poulsen, Susan M. Poutanen, Ann M. Powers, Nina Salinger Prasanphanich, Bobbi S. Pritt, Charles G. Prober, Neha Puar, Laura A.S. Quilter, Octavio Ramilo, Suchitra Rao, Adam J. Ratner, Sarah A. Rawstron, Jennifer S. Read, Ryan F. Relich, Megan E. Reller, Candice L. Robinson, Jos R. Romero, David A. Rosen, Shannon A. Ross, G. Ingrid J.G. Rours, Peter C. Rowe, Anne H. Rowley, Lorry G. Rubin, Edward T. Ryan, Alexandra Sacharok, Thomas J. Sandora, Sarah G.H. Sapp, Kabir Sardana, Jason B. Sauberan, Joshua K. Schaffzin, Sarah Schillie, Jennifer E. Schuster, Kevin L. Schwartz, Bethany K. Sederdahl, Jose Serpa-Alvarez, Kara N. Shah, Samir S. Shah, Nader Shaikh, Andi L. Shane, Eugene D. Shapiro, Jana Shaw, Avinash K. Shetty, Timothy R. Shope, Linda M. Dairiki Shortliffe, Stanford T. Shulman, Gail F. Shust, George Kelly Siberry, Jane D. Siegel, Robert David Siegel, Kari A. Simonsen, Upinder Singh, Christiana Smith, Lauren L. Smith, Eunkyung Song, Emily Souder, Paul Spearman, Joseph W. St. Geme, Mary Allen Staat, J. Erin Staples, Jeffrey R. Starke, Victoria A. Statler, William J. Steinbach, Christen Rune Stensvold, Erin K. Stokes, Bradley P. Stoner, Gregory A. Storch, Anne Straily, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Douglas S. Swanson, Robert R. Tanz, Gillian Taormina, Jacqueline E. Tate, Jeanette Taveras, Marc Tebruegge, Eyasu H. Teshale, George R. Thompson, Robert Thompson-Stone, Isaac Thomsen, Richard B. Thomson, Emily A. Thorell, Vivian Tien, Nicole H. Tobin, Philip Toltzis, James Treat, Stephanie B. Troy, Russell B. Van Dvke, Louise Elaine Vaz, Vini Vijayan, Jennifer Vodzak, Thor A. Wagner, Ellen R. Wald, Rebecca Wallihan, Huanyu Wang, Zoon Wangu, Matthew Washam, Valerie Waters, Joshua R. Watson, Jill E. Weatherhead, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Mark K. Weng, Nathan P. Wiederhold, Harold C. Wiesenfeld, Cydni Williams, John V. Williams, Rodney E. Willoughby, Robert R. Wittler, James B. Wood, Charles Reece Woods, Kimberly A. Workowski, Terry W. Wright, Hsi-Yang Wu, Huan Xu, Pablo Yagupsky, Jumi Yi, Jonathan Yoder, Edward J. Young, Andrea L. Zaenglein, Petra Zimmermann, and Wenjing Zong
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- 2023
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27. COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections with the Delta Variant among a Cohort of Children Aged ≥ 12 Years and Adults in Utah
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Sarita Mohanty, Fatimah S. Dawood, Joseph B. Stanford, Jazmin Duque, Melissa S. Stockwell, Vic Veguilla, and Christina A. Porucznik
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We conducted weekly surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 infection among a sample of households with ≥1 child aged 0-17 years from selected Utah counties. A Cox proportional hazards model approach was used to calculate infection hazard rate and vaccine effectiveness. Findings show that the recommended primary series of COVID-19 vaccine was effective against circulating variants during a Delta-predominant wave in Utah.
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- 2022
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28. Epidemiology of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in the time of COVID-19: findings from a household cohort in Maryland
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Marissa K, Hetrich, Jennifer, Oliva, Kimberli, Wanionek, Maria Deloria, Knoll, Matthew, Lamore, Ignacio, Esteban, Vic, Veguilla, Fatimah S, Dawood, and Ruth A, Karron
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, human parainfluenza type 3 (HPIV-3) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation increased as non-pharmaceutical interventions were relaxed. Using data from 175 households (n = 690 members) followed between November 2020-October 2021, we characterizedHPIV-3 and RSV burden in children aged 0-4 years and infection patterns in their households.Households with ≥1 child aged 0-4 years were enrolled and members collected weekly nasal swabs (NS) and additional swabs with COVID-like illness onset. We tested all NS from symptomatic episodes in children aged 0-4 years for HPIV-3, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Among children with HPIV-3 or RSV infection, we tested all contemporaneous NS collected from household members. We compared incidence rates (IRs) of symptomatic infection with each virus among children aged 0-4 years during epidemic periods, identified household primary infections as the earliest detected infection, and examined community exposures associated with primary infection.Overall, 41/175 (23.4%) households had individuals with HPIV-3 (n = 45) or RSV (n = 46) infections. Among children aged 0-4 years, IRs of symptomatic infection/1,000 person-weeks were 8.7[6.0, 12.2] for HPIV-3, 7.6[4.8, 11.4] for RSV, and 1.9[1.0, 3.5] for SARS-CoV-2. 35/36 primary HPIV-3 or RSV infections occurred in children aged 0-4 years. Children with childcare/preschool attendance had higher odds of primary infection (OR = 10.81, 95% CI: 3.14-37.23).Among children aged 0-4 years in this cohort, IRs of symptomatic HPIV-3 and RSV infection were four-fold higher than for SARS-CoV-2 during epidemic periods. HPIV-3 and RSV were almost exclusively introduced into households by infants and preschool children.
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- 2022
29. Comparison of the Immunogenicity of Cell Culture-Based and Recombinant Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines to Conventional Egg-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines Among Healthcare Personnel Aged 18–64 Years: A Randomized Open-Label Trial
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Kempapura Murthy, Sarah Spencer, Holly C Groom, Sara S Kim, Laura J. Edwards, Zuha Jeddy, Lauren Beacham, F. Liaini Gross, Fatimah S. Dawood, Edward A. Belongia, Shivaprakash Gangappa, Allison L. Naleway, Meredith G Wesley, Min Z. Levine, Sarah Ball, Margarita Mishina, Mark G. Thompson, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Danielle R. Hunt, Weiping Cao, Alicia M. Fry, Manjusha Gaglani, Brendan Flannery, and Kelsey R. Bounds
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Microbiology (medical) ,Influenza vaccine ,Population ,Cell Culture Techniques ,immunogenicity ,Antibodies, Viral ,law.invention ,Immunogenicity, Vaccine ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,cohort studies ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Influenza, Human ,Major Article ,Humans ,Medicine ,Seroconversion ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Hemagglutination assay ,business.industry ,Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ,Immunogenicity ,COVID-19 ,Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ,Virology ,Vaccination ,Influenza B virus ,Titer ,AcademicSubjects/MED00290 ,Infectious Diseases ,Vaccines, Inactivated ,Influenza Vaccines ,business ,Delivery of Health Care ,healthcare personnel - Abstract
Background RIV4 and cell-culture based inactivated influenza vaccine (ccIIV4) have not been compared to egg-based IIV4 in healthcare personnel, a population with frequent influenza vaccination that may blunt vaccine immune responses over time. We conducted a randomized trial among healthcare personnel (HCP) aged 18–64 years to compare humoral immune responses to ccIIV4 and RIV4 to IIV4. Methods During the 2018–2019 season, participants were randomized to receive ccIIV4, RIV4, or IIV4 and had serum samples collected prevaccination, 1 and 6 months postvaccination. Serum samples were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) for influenza A/H1N1, B/Yamagata, and B/Victoria and microneutralization (MN) for A/H3N2 against cell-grown vaccine reference viruses. Primary outcomes at 1 month were seroconversion rate (SCR), geometric mean titers (GMT), GMT ratio, and mean fold rise (MFR) in the intention-to-treat population. Results In total, 727 participants were included (283 ccIIV4, 202 RIV4, and 242 IIV4). At 1 month, responses to ccIIV4 were similar to IIV4 by SCR, GMT, GMT ratio, and MFR. RIV4 induced higher SCRs, GMTs, and MFRs than IIV4 against A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B/Yamagata. The GMT ratio of RIV4 to egg-based vaccines was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–1.9) for A/H1N1, 3.0 (95% CI: 2.4–3.7) for A/H3N2, 1.1 (95% CI: .9–1.4) for B/Yamagata, and 1.1 (95% CI: .9–1.3) for B/Victoria. At 6 months, ccIIV4 recipients had similar GMTs to IIV4, whereas RIV4 recipients had higher GMTs against A/H3N2 and B/Yamagata. Conclusions RIV4 resulted in improved antibody responses by HI and MN compared to egg-based vaccines against 3 of 4 cell-grown vaccine strains 1 month postvaccination, suggesting a possible additional benefit from RIV4., In this randomized trial among healthcare personnel comparing antibody responses to cell-culture based and recombinant influenza vaccines (RIV4) versus standard-dose egg-based vaccines, RIV4 recipients had higher antibody responses against 3 cell-grown vaccine strains suggesting a possible additional benefit from RIV4.
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- 2021
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30. Predictors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seropositivity Before Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Among Children 0–4 Years and Their Household Members in the SEARCh Study
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Maria, Garcia Quesada, Marissa K, Hetrich, Scott, Zeger, Jayati, Sharma, Yu Bin, Na, Vic, Veguilla, Ruth A, Karron, Fatimah S, Dawood, Maria D, Knoll, and Suzanne, Woods
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Infectious Diseases ,Oncology - Abstract
Background Estimates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence in young children and risk factors for seropositivity are scarce. Using data from a prospective cohort study of households during the pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine period, we estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence by age and evaluated risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Methods The SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology and Response in Children (SEARCh) study enrolled 175 Maryland households (690 participants) with ≥1 child aged 0–4 years during November 2020–March 2021; individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 were ineligible. At enrollment, participants completed questionnaires about sociodemographic and health status and work, school, and daycare attendance. Participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in sera. Logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for correlation within households assessed predictors of individual- and household-level SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Results Of 681 (98.7%) participants with enrollment serology results, 55 (8.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3%–10.4%) participants from 21 (12.0%) households were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2. Among seropositive participants, fewer children than adults reported being tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection before enrollment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.23; 95% CI, .06–.73). Seropositivity was similar by age (GEE OR vs 0–4 years: 1.19 for 5–17 years, 1.36 for adults; P = .16) and was significantly higher among adults working outside the home (GEE adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1–4.4) but not among children attending daycare or school. Conclusions Before study enrollment, children and adults in this cohort had similar rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection as measured by serology. An adult household member working outside the home increased a household's odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas a child attending daycare or school in person did not.
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- 2022
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31. Incidence Rates of Medically Attended COVID-19 in Infants Less than 6 Months of Age
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Isabel Griffin, Stephanie A. Irving, Carmen Sofia Arriola, Angela P. Campbell, De-Kun Li, Fatimah S. Dawood, Caroline Doughty-Skierski, Jeannette R. Ferber, Nickolas Ferguson, Louise Hadden, Jillian T. Henderson, Mary Juergens, Venkatesh Kancharla, Allison L. Naleway, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Erin Nicholson, Roxana Odouli, Lawrence Reichle, Mo Sanyang, Kate Woodworth, and Flor M. Munoz
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Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
ObjectiveStudies suggest infants may be at increased risk of severe COVID-19 relative to older children, but few data exist regarding the incidence of COVID-19 episodes and associated risk factors. We estimate incidence rates and describe characteristics associated with medically attended COVID-19 episodes among infants younger than 6 months of age.MethodsWe analyzed electronic medical record data from a cohort of infants born March 1, 2020‒ February 28, 2021. Data from three health care delivery systems included demographic characteristics, maternal and infant outpatient visit and hospitalization diagnoses, and SARS-CoV-2 test results. Medically attended COVID-19 episodes were defined by positive SARS-CoV-2 clinical tests and/or COVID-19 diagnosis codes during medical care visits. Unadjusted and site-adjusted incidence rates by infant month of age, low and high SARS-CoV-2 circulation periods and maternal COVID-19 diagnosis were calculated.ResultsAmong 18,192 infants aged ConclusionMost medically attended COVID-19 episodes in infants aged Article SummaryThis report describes incidence rates and characteristics of medically attended outpatient and inpatient COVID-19 episodes among infants aged What’s Known on This SubjectSurveillance data and case series suggest that infants aged What this Study AddsAmong infants aged
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- 2022
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32. Mapping SARS-CoV-2 antigenic relationships and serological responses
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Samuel H. Wilks, Barbara Mühlemann, Xiaoying Shen, Sina Türeli, Eric B. LeGresley, Antonia Netzl, Miguela A. Caniza, Jesus N. Chacaltana-Huarcaya, Victor M. Corman, Xiaoju Daniell, Michael B. Datto, Fatimah S. Dawood, Thomas N. Denny, Christian Drosten, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Patricia J. Garcia, Peter J. Halfmann, Agatha Jassem, Lara M. Jeworowski, Terry C. Jones, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Florian Krammer, Charlene McDanal, Rolando Pajon, Viviana Simon, Melissa S. Stockwell, Haili Tang, Harm van Bakel, Vic Veguilla, Richard Webby, David C. Montefiori, and Derek J. Smith
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Article - Abstract
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, multiple variants with differing amounts of escape from pre-existing immunity have emerged, causing concerns about continued protection. Here, we use antigenic cartography to quantify and visualize the antigenic relationships among 16 SARS-CoV-2 variants titrated against serum samples taken post-vaccination and post-infection with seven different variants. We find major antigenic differences caused by substitutions at spike positions 417, 452, 484, and possibly 501. B.1.1.529 (Omicron BA.1) showed the highest escape from all sera tested. Visualization of serological responses as antibody landscapes shows how reactivity clusters in different regions of antigenic space. We find changes in immunodominance of different spike regions depending on the variant an individual was exposed to, with implications for variant risk assessment and vaccine strain selection.One sentence summaryAntigenic Cartography of SARS-CoV-2 variants reveals amino acid substitutions governing immune escape and immunodominance patterns.
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- 2022
33. Respiratory Viral Infections and Infection Prevention Practices Among Women With Acute Respiratory Illness During Delivery Hospitalizations During the 2019–2020 Influenza Season
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Danielle R. Hunt, Carrie K. Shapiro-Mendoza, Fatimah S. Dawood, Roxana Odouli, Nanette Bond, Kelly Vorwaller, Joe Suyama, Pedro A. Piedra, Meredith G Wesley, Flor M. Munoz, Amy Boone, Angela P Campbell, De-Kun Li, Julie H. Shakib, Ingrid Macio, Marie Gibson, Michael W. Varner, Ashley N. Battarbee, Jeannette Ferber, Akila Subramaniam, Casandra Almonte, Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, Melissa S. Stockwell, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Priyam Thind, Emily Powers, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Alan T.N. Tita, Ayodeji Sanusi, Romeo R. Galang, Leigh Mathias, Patricia Santarcangelo, Alexandra Weissman, Celibell Y. Vargas, and Constance Ogokeh
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Respiratory Tract Diseases ,Influenza season ,Virus ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,Influenza, Human ,Peripartum Period ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Infection control ,Respiratory system ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Respiratory illness ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,Hospitalization ,Pregnancy Complications ,Transmission-based precautions ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,Pregnant Women ,Seasons ,business - Abstract
Background We conducted a cross-sectional study of pregnant women with acute respiratory illness during delivery hospitalizations during influenza season to describe clinical testing for respiratory viruses and infection prevention practices. Methods Women had nasal swabs tested for influenza and other respiratory viruses. Among 91 enrolled women, 22 (24%) had clinical testing for influenza. Results Based on clinical and study testing combined, 41 of 91 (45%) women had samples positive for respiratory viruses. The most common virus was influenza (17 of 91, 19%); 53% (9 of 17) of influenza virus infections were identified through study testing alone. Only 16% of women were on droplet precautions. Conclusions Peripartum respiratory infections may be underrecognized.
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- 2021
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34. What do pregnant women think about influenza disease and vaccination practices in selected countries
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Yeny Tinoco, Carmen S. Arriola, Richard Florian, Siddhartha Saha, Surasak Kaoiean, Candice Romero, Joan Neyra, Tana Brummer, Piyarat Suntarattiwong, Archana Patel, Danielle R. Hunt, Wanitchaya Kittikraisak, Chalinthorn Sinthuwattanawibool, Prabir Kumar Das, Krissada Tomyabatra, Mark G. Thompson, Joshua A. Mott, Shikha Garg, Kunal Kurhe, Danielle Hombroek, Santiago Cabrera, Fatimah S. Dawood, Seema Parvekar, Giselle Soto, Savita Bhargav, Meredith G Wesley, Oswaldo Gonzales, Vaishali Khedikar, and Amber Prakash
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Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,knowledge ,medicine.medical_specialty ,practices ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,Disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Influenza, Human ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Child ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Pharmacology ,attitudes ,business.industry ,Pregnant women ,Vaccination ,virus diseases ,Thailand ,influenza vaccination ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Influenza Vaccines ,Family medicine ,Female ,influenza ,business ,Research Article ,Research Paper - Abstract
Introduction: We evaluated knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to influenza and influenza vaccination among pregnant women in three selected countries. Methods: During 2017, pregnant women seeking antenatal care at hospitals at participating sites were enrolled. We described characteristics and responses to KAP questions. We also evaluated predictors associated with influenza vaccination during pregnancy at sites with substantial influenza vaccine uptake by multivariable logistic regression. Results: Overall, 4,648 pregnant women completed the survey. There were substantial differences among the three survey populations; only 8% of the women in Nagpur had heard of influenza, compared to 90% in Lima and 96% in Bangkok (p-value
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- 2021
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35. Feasibility and Performance of Self-Collected Nasal Swabs for Detection of Influenza Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Human Metapneumovirus
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Piyarat, Suntarattiwong, Joshua A, Mott, Sarita, Mohanty, Chalinthorn, Sinthuwattanawibool, Nattinee, Srisantiroj, Orada, Patamasingh Na Ayudhaya, Chonticha, Klungthong, Stefan, Fernandez, Lindsay, Kim, Danielle, Hunt, Danielle, Hombroek, Tana, Brummer, Tawee, Chotpitayasunondh, Fatimah S, Dawood, Wanitchaya, Kittikraisak, and Damon, Ellison
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Adult ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,030106 microbiology ,Orthomyxoviridae ,Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ,Virus ,Specimen Handling ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Human metapneumovirus ,Pregnancy ,Nasopharynx ,Internal medicine ,Influenza, Human ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Metapneumovirus ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Respiratory system ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Nose ,Paramyxoviridae Infections ,biology ,business.industry ,Thailand ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Nasal Swab ,Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ,Feasibility Studies ,Female ,Pregnant Women ,business - Abstract
Background We assessed performance of participant-collected midturbinate nasal swabs compared to study staff-collected midturbinate nasal swabs for the detection of respiratory viruses among pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand. Methods We enrolled pregnant women aged ≥18 years and followed them throughout the 2018 influenza season. Women with acute respiratory illness self-collected midturbinate nasal swabs at home for influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), and human metapneumoviruses (hMPV) real-time RT-PCR testing and the study nurse collected a second midturbinate nasal swab during home visits. Paired specimens were processed and tested on the same day. Results The majority (109, 60%) of 182 participants were 20–30 years old. All 200 paired swabs had optimal specimen quality. The median time from symptom onsets to participant-collected swabs was 2 days and to staff-collected swabs was also 2 days. The median time interval between the 2 swabs was 2 hours. Compared to staff-collected swabs, the participant-collected swabs were 93% sensitive and 99% specific for influenza virus detection, 94% sensitive and 99% specific for RSV detection, and 100% sensitive and 100% specific for hMPV detection. Conclusions Participant-collected midturbinate nasal swabs were a valid alternative approach for laboratory confirmation of influenza-, RSV-, and hMPV-associated illnesses among pregnant women in a community setting.
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- 2021
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36. Comparison of influenza antibody titers among women who were vaccinated in the 2nd and the 3rd trimesters of pregnancy
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Kim A. Lindblade, Nattinee Srisantiroj, Darunee Ditsungnoen, Podjanee Phadungkiatwatana, Fatimah S. Dawood, Louis R. Macareo, Wanitchaya Kittikraisak, Kamonthip Rungrojcharoenkit, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Surasak Kaoiean, and Joshua A. Mott
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,Hemagglutination assay ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Influenza vaccine ,030231 tropical medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Antibody titer ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,03 medical and health sciences ,Titer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Interquartile range ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
Background We compared cord blood antibody titers in unvaccinated pregnant women to those vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccine during the 2nd and the 3rd trimesters. Methods Pregnant women had cord blood collected at delivery for hemagglutination inhibition assay against vaccine reference viruses: A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)pdm09, A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2), and B/Phuket/3073/2013 (Yamagata lineage). Geometric mean titer (GMT) ratios were calculated comparing vaccinated versus unvaccinated pregnant women, and women vaccinated in the 2nd and the 3rd trimesters. Proportions of women achieving defined titers were compared using the χ2 test. Results Of 307 women, 190 (62%) were unvaccinated. Fifty and 67 were vaccinated during the 2nd and the 3rd trimesters, respectively. Median enrollment age was 29 years (interquartile range 24–34). Sixteen (5%) women had pre-existing conditions, but none were immunocompromised. GMT ratios comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated women were 5.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.06–6.96) for influenza A/California, 5.39 (95% CI 4.18–6.08) for influenza A/Switzerland, and 5.05 (95% CI 4.43–5.85) for influenza B/Phuket. Similarly, the GMT ratios comparing the 3rd and the 2nd trimester vaccinated women were 2.90 (95% CI 2.54–3.39), 2.82 (95% CI 2.56–3.13), and 2.83 (95% CI 2.56–3.14), respectively. The proportions of women with defined titers for the three vaccine reference viruses did not differ between 2nd and 3rd trimester vaccinated women (titers ≥40: 68–92% versus 70–93%; ≥110: 32% versus 33–63%; and ≥330: 4–10% versus 3–21%). Conclusions Pregnant women vaccinated against influenza had more placental transfer of influenza antibodies to their infants than unvaccinated women. Placental transfer of antibodies was higher among those vaccinated in the 3rd trimester than in the 2nd trimester. There was no difference in the proportions of women achieving antibody titers corresponding to protection against influenza in children. Findings support the current World Health Organization’s recommendation that pregnant women may be vaccinated in either 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy.
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- 2021
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37. Factors Associated with Hospitalization with Symptomatic COVID-19 Illness Among Pregnant Individuals: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
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Carmen Sofia Arriola, De Kun Li, Flor Muñoz, Michael Daugherty, Caroline Doughty-Skierski, Sascha Ellington, Jeannette Ferber, Nickolas Ferguson, Mara Greenberg, Louise Hadden, Jillian T Henderson, Stephanie A Irving, Mary Juergens, Venkatesh Kancharla, Allison L Naleway, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Erin Nicholson, Roxana Odouli, Lawrence Reichle, Mo Sanyang, and Fatimah S Dawood
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Infectious Diseases ,Oncology - Abstract
Background Pregnant individuals are at increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death, and primary and booster COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for this population. Methods Among a cohort of pregnant individuals who received prenatal care at three healthcare systems in the United States, we estimated the cumulative incidence of hospitalization with symptomatic COVID-19 illness. We also identified factors associated with COVID-19 hospitalization using a multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model with pregnancy weeks as the timescale and a time-varying adjustor that accounted for SARS-CoV-2 circulation; model covariates included site, age, race, ethnicity, insurance status, pre-pregnancy weight status, and selected underlying medical conditions. Data were collected primarily through medical record extraction. Results Among 19,456 pregnant individuals with an estimated due date March 1, 2020-February 28, 2021, 75 (0.4%) were hospitalized with symptomatic COVID-19. Factors associated with hospitalization for symptomatic COVID-19 were Hispanic ethnicity (aHR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.3,5.5), native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander race (aHR: 12; 95% CI: 3.2,45.5), age Conclusion Although hospitalization with symptomatic COVID-19 was uncommon, pregnant individuals should be aware of risk factors associated with severe illness when considering COVID-19 vaccination.
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- 2022
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38. SARS-CoV-2 testing and detection during peripartum hospitalizations among a multi-center cohort of pregnant persons, March 2020-February 2021
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Miranda J, Delahoy, Flor, Munoz, De Kun, Li, Carmen Sofia, Arriola, Nanette Lee, Bond, Michael, Daugherty, Jeannette, Ferber, Nickolas, Ferguson, Louise, Hadden, Jillian T, Henderson, Stephanie A, Irving, Mary, Juergens, Venkatesh, Kancharla, Mara, Greenberg, Roxana, Odouli, Gabriella, Newes-Adeyi, Erin G, Nicholson, Lawrence, Reichle, Momodou, Sanyang, Margaret, Snead, Fatimah S, Dawood, and Allison L, Naleway
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Identifying SARS-CoV-2 infections during peripartum hospitalizations is important to guide care, implement prevention measures, and understand infection burden.This cross-sectional analysis used electronic health record data from hospitalizations during which pregnancies ended (peripartum hospitalizations) among a cohort of pregnant persons at 3 U.S. integrated healthcare networks (Sites 1-3). Maternal demographic, medical encounter, SARS-CoV-2 testing, and pregnancy and neonatal outcome information was extracted for persons with estimated delivery and pregnancy end dates during March 2020-February 2021 and ≥1 prenatal care record. Site-stratified multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with testing and compare pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among persons tested.Among 17,858 pregnant persons, 10,863 (60.8%) had peripartum SARS-CoV-2 testing; 222/10,683 (2.0%) had positive results. Testing prevalence varied by site and was lower during March-May 2020. Factors associated with higher peripartum SARS-CoV-2 testing odds were Asian race (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.03-1.79; referent: White) (Site 1), Hispanic or Latina ethnicity (aOR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.08-1.64) (Site 2), peripartum Medicaid coverage (aOR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.06-1.66) (Site 1), and preterm hospitalization (aOR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.19-2.39 [Site 1]; aOR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.03-1.88 [Site 2]).Findings highlight potential disparities in SARS-CoV-2 peripartum testing by demographic and pregnancy characteristics. Testing practice variations should be considered when interpreting studies relying on convenience samples of pregnant persons testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Efforts to address testing differences between groups could improve equitable testing practices and care for pregnant persons with SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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- 2022
39. Impact of Age and Symptom Development on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Households With Children-Maryland, New York, and Utah, August 2020-October 2021
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Kelsey M, Sumner, Ruth A, Karron, Melissa S, Stockwell, Fatimah S, Dawood, Joseph B, Stanford, Alexandra, Mellis, Emily, Hacker, Priyam, Thind, Maria Julia E, Castro, John Paul, Harris, Maria, Deloria Knoll, Elizabeth, Schappell, Marissa K, Hetrich, Jazmin, Duque, Zuha, Jeddy, Kim, Altunkaynak, Brandon, Poe, Jennifer, Meece, Elisha, Stefanski, Suxiang, Tong, Justin S, Lee, Ashton, Dixon, Vic, Veguilla, Melissa A, Rolfes, Christina A, Porucznik, and Suzanne, Woods
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Infectious Diseases ,Oncology - Abstract
Background Households are common places for spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We investigated factors associated with household transmission and acquisition of SARS-CoV-2. Methods Households with children age Results Among 2053 people (513 households) enrolled, 180 people (8.8%; in 76 households) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Compared with children age Conclusions Adults had lower odds of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 compared with children, but this association might be influenced by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, which was primarily available for adults and protective against infection. In contrast, all ages, regardless of symptoms and COVID-19 vaccination, had similar odds of transmitting SARS-CoV-2. Our findings underscore the importance of SARS-CoV-2 mitigation measures for persons of all ages.
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- 2022
40. Effect of Repeat Vaccination on Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Cell-Culture and Recombinant Influenza Vaccines Among Healthcare Personnel Aged 18-64 Years: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial
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Manjusha Gaglani, Sara S Kim, Allison L Naleway, Min Z Levine, Laura Edwards, Kempapura Murthy, Kayan Dunnigan, Tnelda Zunie, Holly Groom, Sarah Ball, Zuha Jeddy, Danielle Hunt, Meredith G Wesley, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Shivaprakash Gangappa, Lauren Grant, Weiping Cao, F Liaini Gross, Margarita Mishina, Alicia M Fry, Mark G Thompson, Fatimah S Dawood, and Brendan Flannery
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Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases - Abstract
Background Antibody responses to non–egg-based standard-dose cell-culture influenza vaccine (containing 15 µg hemagglutinin [HA]/component) and recombinant vaccine (containing 45 µg HA/component) during consecutive seasons have not been studied in the United States. Methods In a randomized trial of immunogenicity of quadrivalent influenza vaccines among healthcare personnel (HCP) aged 18–64 years over 2 consecutive seasons, HCP who received recombinant-HA influenza vaccine (RIV) or cell culture–based inactivated influenza vaccine (ccIIV) during the first season (year 1) were re-randomized the second season of 2019–2020 (year 2 [Y2]) to receive ccIIV or RIV, resulting in 4 ccIIV/RIV combinations. In Y2, hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers against reference cell–grown vaccine viruses were compared in each ccIIV/RIV group with titers among HCP randomized both seasons to receive egg-based, standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) using geometric mean titer (GMT) ratios of Y2 post-vaccination titers. Results Y2 data from 414 HCP were analyzed per protocol. Compared with 60 IIV/IIV recipients, 74 RIV/RIV and 106 ccIIV/RIV recipients showed significantly elevated GMT ratios (Bonferroni corrected P < .007) against all components except A(H3N2). Post-vaccination GMT ratios for ccIIV/ccIIV and RIV/ccIIV were not significantly elevated compared with IIV/IIV except for RIV/ccIIV against A(H1N1)pdm09. Conclusions In adult HCP, receipt of RIV in 2 consecutive seasons or the second season was more immunogenic than consecutive egg-based IIV for 3 of the 4 components of quadrivalent vaccine. Immunogenicity of ccIIV/ccIIV was similar to that of IIV/IIV. Differences in HA antigen content may play a role in immunogenicity of influenza vaccination in consecutive seasons. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03722589.
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- 2022
41. Interim Estimates of 2019–20 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, February 2020
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Wendy Sessions, Huong Q. McLean, David E. Wentworth, Michael L. Jackson, Lynnette Brammer, Sara S Kim, Brendan Flannery, Kayan Dunnigan, Edward A. Belongia, Shoshona Le, Alicia M. Fry, Thomas J. Stark, Manjusha Gaglani, Angie Foust, Richard K. Zimmerman, John R. Barnes, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Emily T. Martin, Juliana DaSilva, Lisa A. Jackson, Fatimah S. Dawood, Jessie R Chung, Manish M. Patel, Rebecca Kondor, and Arnold S. Monto
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Influenza vaccine ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,Confidence interval ,Virus ,Vaccination ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,030225 pediatrics ,Interim ,Internal medicine ,Pandemic ,Influenza A virus ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,business - Abstract
During the 2019-20 influenza season, influenza-like illness (ILI)* activity first exceeded the national baseline during the week ending November 9, 2019, signaling the earliest start to the influenza season since the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic. Activity remains elevated as of mid-February 2020. In the United States, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months (1). During each influenza season, CDC estimates seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza associated with medically attended acute respiratory illness (ARI). This interim report used data from 4,112 children and adults enrolled in the U.S. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (U.S. Flu VE Network) during October 23, 2019-January 25, 2020. Overall, vaccine effectiveness (VE) against any influenza virus associated with medically attended ARI was 45% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 36%-53%). VE was estimated to be 50% (95% CI = 39%-59%) against influenza B/Victoria viruses and 37% (95% CI = 19%-52%) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, indicating that vaccine has significantly reduced medical visits associated with influenza so far this season. Notably, vaccination provided substantial protection (VE = 55%; 95% CI = 42%-65%) among children and adolescents aged 6 months-17 years. Interim VE estimates are consistent with those from previous seasons, ranging from 40%-60% when influenza vaccines were antigenically matched to circulating viruses. CDC recommends that health care providers continue to administer influenza vaccine to persons aged ≥6 months because influenza activity is ongoing, and the vaccine can still prevent illness, hospitalization, and death associated with currently circulating influenza viruses as well as other influenza viruses that might circulate later in the season.
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- 2020
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42. Author response for 'Consistency of self‐reported and documented historical influenza vaccination status of US healthcare workers'
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null Annette K. Regan, null Meredith G. Wesley, null Manjusha Gaglani, null Sara S. Kim, null Laura J. Edwards, null Kempapura Murthy, null Zuha Jeddy, null Allison L. Naleway, null Brendan Flannery, null Fatimah S. Dawood, and null Holly Groom
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- 2022
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43. Binding and Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Infants and Young Children Exceed Those in Adults
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Ruth A, Karron, Maria Garcia, Quesada, Elizabeth A, Schappell, Stephen D, Schmidt, Maria Deloria, Knoll, Marissa K, Hetrich, Vic, Veguilla, Nicole, Doria-Rose, and Fatimah S, Dawood
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SARS-CoV-2 infections are frequently milder in children than adults, suggesting that immune responses may vary with age. However, information is limited regarding SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in young children. We compared Receptor Binding Domain binding antibody (RBDAb) and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (neutAb) in children aged 0-4 years, 5-17 years, and in adults aged 18-62 years in a SARS-CoV-2 household study. Among 55 participants seropositive at enrollment, children aged 0-4 years had10-fold higher RBDAb titers than adults (373 vs.35
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- 2022
44. Binding and neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in very young children exceed those in adults
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Ruth A, Karron, Maria, Garcia Quesada, Elizabeth A, Schappell, Stephen D, Schmidt, Maria, Deloria Knoll, Marissa K, Hetrich, Vic, Veguilla, Nicole, Doria-Rose, Fatimah S, Dawood, and Suzanne, Woods
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Adult ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Child, Preschool ,Antibody Formation ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,General Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Antibodies, Viral ,Child ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,Article - Abstract
BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infections are frequently milder in children than adults, suggesting that immune responses may vary with age. However, information is limited regarding SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in young children.MethodsWe compared receptor binding domain-binding antibody (RBDAb) titers and SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibody titers, measured by pseudovirus-neutralizing antibody assay in serum specimens obtained from children aged 0-4 years and 5-17 years and in adults aged 18-62 years at the time of enrollment in a prospective longitudinal household study of SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsAmong 56 seropositive participants at enrollment, children aged 0-4 years had more than 10-fold higher RBDAb titers than adults (416 vs. 31, P0.0001) and the highest RBDAb titers in 11 of 12 households with seropositive children and adults. Children aged 0-4 years had only 2-fold higher neutralizing antibody than adults, resulting in higher binding-to-neutralizing antibody ratios compared with adults (2.36 vs. 0.35 for ID50, P = 0.0004).ConclusionThese findings suggest that young children mount robust antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 following community infections. Additionally, these results support using neutralizing antibody to measure the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in children aged 0-4 years.FundingCDC (award 75D30120C08737).
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- 2021
45. Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Illness and COVID-19 Vaccination among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study during August-December 2020
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Tiffany J. Chen, Melissa S. Stockwell, Ashley N. Battarbee, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Hilda Razzaghi, Lawrence Reichle, Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, Mickey Parks, Miriam Lucca-Susana, Romeo R. Galang, Fatimah S. Dawood, Celibell Y. Vargas, Michael W. Varner, Alan T.N. Tita, Michael Daugherty, Akila Subramaniam, Kelly Vorwaller, and Emily Powers
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Adult ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Adolescent ,Influenza vaccine ,Ethnic group ,Logistic regression ,White People ,Odds ,Young Adult ,Pregnancy ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Influenza, Human ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Vaccination ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,COVID-19 ,Odds ratio ,Hispanic or Latino ,Middle Aged ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,medicine.disease ,Black or African American ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Multicenter study ,Influenza Vaccines ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Pregnant Women ,Vaccination Hesitancy ,business ,Demography ,Cohort study - Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate pregnant women's attitudes toward COVID-19 illness and vaccination and identify factors associated with vaccine acceptability.This was a cross-sectional survey among pregnant women enrolled in a prospective COVID-19 cohort study in Salt Lake City, UT, Birmingham, AL, and New York, NY, from August 9 to December 10, 2020. Women were eligible if they were 18 to 50 years old and28 weeks of gestation. Upon enrollment, women completed surveys regarding concerns about COVID-19 illness and likelihood of getting COVID-19 vaccine if one were available during pregnancy. Vaccine acceptability was defined as a response of "very likely" or "somewhat likely" on a 4-point Likert scale. Factors associated with vaccine acceptability were assessed with multivariable logistic regression.Of 939 pregnant women eligible for the main cohort study, 915 (97%) consented to participate. Among these 915 women, 39% self-identified as White, 23% Black, 33% Hispanic, and 4% Other. Sixty-two percent received an influenza vaccine last season. Seventy-two percent worried about getting sick with COVID-19. If they were to get sick, 92% worried about harm to their pregnancy and 80% about harm to themselves. Only 41% reported they would get a vaccine. Of women who were unlikely to get vaccinated, the most frequently cited concern was vaccine safety for their pregnancy (82%). Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women had lower odds of accepting a vaccine compared with non-Hispanic White women (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.6 for both). Receipt of influenza vaccine during the previous season was associated with higher odds of vaccine acceptability (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-3.0).Although most pregnant women worried about COVID-19 illness,50% were willing to get vaccinated during pregnancy. Racial and ethnic disparities in plans to accept COVID-19 vaccine highlight the need to prioritize strategies to address perceived barriers among groups at high risk for COVID-19.· Less than half of pregnant patients stated they would get a COVID-19 vaccine.. · Protecting their baby was the most common reason for acceptance and refusal of the COVID-19 vaccine.. · Patients of minority race/ethnicity and those without prior influenza vaccination were less likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine..
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- 2021
46. Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalizations for Acute Respiratory or Febrile Illness and Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Among Pregnant Women During Six Influenza Seasons, 2010–2016
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Dan Riesel, Fatimah S. Dawood, Mark G. Thompson, Hannah Chung, Rebecca V. Fink, Deshayne B. Fell, Margaret L. Russell, Annette K. Regan, Shikha Garg, Nicola P. Klein, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Brandy E Wyant, Stephanie Booth, Avram Levy, Mark A. Katz, and Allison L. Naleway
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Fever ,Respiratory Tract Diseases ,Global Health ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Interquartile range ,Intensive care ,Internal medicine ,Influenza, Human ,Pandemic ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Retrospective Studies ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,Public health ,Respiratory infection ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Hospitalization ,Pneumonia ,Infectious Diseases ,Respiratory failure ,Female ,Seasons ,business - Abstract
Background Pregnant women are at increased risk of seasonal influenza hospitalizations, but data about the epidemiology of severe influenza among pregnant women remain largely limited to pandemics. Methods To describe the epidemiology of hospitalizations for acute respiratory infection or febrile illness (ARFI) and influenza-associated ARFI among pregnant women, administrative and electronic health record data were analyzed from retrospective cohorts of pregnant women hospitalized with ARFI who had testing for influenza viruses by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in Australia, Canada, Israel, and the United States during 2010–2016. Results Of 18 048 ARFI-coded hospitalizations, 1064 (6%) included RT-PCR testing for influenza viruses, 614 (58%) of which were influenza positive. Of 614 influenza-positive ARFI hospitalizations, 35% were in women with low socioeconomic status, 20% with underlying conditions, and 67% in their third trimesters. The median length of influenza-positive hospitalizations was 2 days (interquartile range, 1–4), 18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15%–21%) resulted in delivery, 10% (95% CI, 8%–12%) included a pneumonia diagnosis, 5% (95% CI, 3%–6%) required intensive care, 2% (95% CI, 1%–3%) included a sepsis diagnosis, and Conclusions Our findings characterize seasonal influenza hospitalizations among pregnant women and can inform assessments of the public health and economic impact of seasonal influenza on pregnant women.
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- 2019
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47. Vital Signs: Burden and Prevention of Influenza and Pertussis Among Pregnant Women and Infants — United States
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Tami H. Skoff, Rebecca V. Fink, Megan C. Lindley, Fatimah S. Dawood, Barbara H. Bardenheier, Denise V. D’Angelo, Fiona Havers, and Katherine E. Kahn
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Adult ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Whooping Cough ,Epidemiology ,Influenza vaccine ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Vital signs ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ,complex mixtures ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,Pregnancy ,030225 pediatrics ,Influenza, Human ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Whooping cough ,Vital Signs ,Tetanus ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,Infant, Newborn ,Toxoid ,Infant ,food and beverages ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Influenza Vaccines ,Female ,business - Abstract
Introduction Vaccinating pregnant women with influenza vaccine and tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) can reduce influenza and pertussis risk for themselves and their infants. Methods Surveillance data were analyzed to ascertain influenza-associated hospitalization among pregnant women and infant hospitalization and death associated with influenza and pertussis. An Internet panel survey was conducted during March 27–April 8, 2019, among women aged 18–49 years who reported being pregnant any time since August 1, 2018. Influenza vaccination before or during pregnancy was assessed among respondents with known influenza vaccination status who were pregnant any time during October 2018–January 2019 (2,097). Tdap receipt during pregnancy was assessed among respondents with known Tdap status who reported a live birth by their survey date (817). Results From 2010–11 to 2017–18, pregnant women accounted for 24%–34% of influenza-associated hospitalizations per season among females aged 15–44 years. From 2010 to 2017, a total of 3,928 pertussis-related hospitalizations were reported among infants aged
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- 2019
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48. Predictors for influenza vaccination among Thai pregnant woman: The role of physicians in increasing vaccine uptake
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Suvanna Asavapiriyanont, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Fatimah S. Dawood, Wanitchaya Kittikraisak, Podjanee Phadungkiatwatana, Piyarat Suntarattiwong, Kim A. Lindblade, Darunee Ditsungnoen, Surasak Kaoiean, and Nattinee Srisantiroj
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Adult ,Male ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,Epidemiology ,Influenza vaccine ,predictor ,Prenatal care ,030312 virology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pregnancy ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Influenza, Human ,Humans ,Medicine ,Health belief model ,Practice Patterns, Physicians' ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Young adult ,Physician's Role ,0303 health sciences ,physician ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Prenatal Care ,Original Articles ,Thailand ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,3. Good health ,pregnant woman ,Infectious Diseases ,Influenza Vaccines ,Family medicine ,Female ,Original Article ,Pregnant Women ,Work history ,influenza ,business - Abstract
Background Physician recommendation and attitudes and beliefs of pregnant women toward influenza and vaccination may influence vaccine uptake during pregnancy. We examined how physician recommendation and health beliefs of pregnant women may jointly affect influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Methods Thai pregnant women aged ≥18 years and >13 gestational weeks attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics, and ANC physicians were recruited during May‐August 2015. Women and physicians, linked using unique identifiers, provided data on demographic, health and work history, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs toward influenza and vaccination, based on Health Belief Model constructs. Physicians also provided data on their practices in recommending influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Prevalence ratios for the association between knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of pregnant women, physician recommendation and documented receipt of vaccination within 30 days of the visit were calculated. Results Among 610 women, the median age was 27 years; 266 (44%) and 344 (56%) were in the second and third trimesters, respectively. Twenty‐one (3%) had pre‐existing conditions. Of 60 physicians with the median years of practice of 5; 17 (28%) reported frequently/usually/always recommending influenza vaccine to their pregnant patients, while 43 (72%) reported never/rarely/sometimes recommending the vaccine. Controlling for the pregnant women's knowledge and beliefs, pregnant women whose physician recommended influenza vaccination were 2.3 times (95% confidence interval 1.4‐3.8) more likely to get vaccinated. Conclusions In this study, physician recommendation was the only significant factor associated with influenza vaccine uptake among Thai pregnant women. Understanding physicians’ motivation/barrier to recommending influenza vaccination to pregnant women may increase coverage.
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- 2019
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49. Costs associated with acute respiratory illness and select virus infections in hospitalized children, El Salvador and Panama, 2012–2013
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Juan Pablo Alvis-Estrada, Mary Corro, Danilo Franco, Rosalba Gonzalez, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Ofelina Vergara, Jorge Jara, Christian Travis Murray, Ismael R. Ortega-Sanchez, Rafael Antonio Cazares, Fatimah S. Dawood, Alfredo Barahona, Wilfrido Clara, Tirza De Leon, Dora Estripeaut, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Yarisa Sujey Brizuela, Rafael Rauda, Kathia Luciani, and Juan Miguel Castillo
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Panama ,Hospital bed ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,030106 microbiology ,Length of hospitalization ,03 medical and health sciences ,Indirect costs ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cost of Illness ,Health care ,El Salvador ,Humans ,Medicine ,Public Health Surveillance ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,health care economics and organizations ,Respiratory illness ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,After discharge ,Hospitalization ,Infectious Diseases ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Virus Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Acute Disease ,Emergency medicine ,Hospitalization cost ,Treatment strategy ,Female ,Health Expenditures ,business - Abstract
Background and objectives Although acute respiratory illness (ARI) is a leading cause of hospitalization among young children, few data are available about cost of hospitalization in middle-income countries. We estimated direct and indirect costs associated with severe ARI resulting in hospitalization among children aged Methods During 2012 and 2013, we surveyed caregivers of children hospitalized with ARI about their direct medical (i.e., outpatient consultation, medications, hospital fees), non-medical (transportation, childcare), and indirect costs (lost wages) at discharge and 7 days after discharge. We multiplied subsidized hospital bed costs derived from administrative data by hospitalization days to estimate provider costs. Results Overall, 638 children were enrolled with a median age of 12 months (IQR 6–23). Their median length of hospitalization was 4 days (IQR 3–6). In El Salvador, caregivers incurred a median of US$38 (IQR 22–72) in direct and indirect costs per illness episode, while the median government-paid hospitalization cost was US$118 (IQR 59–384) generating an overall societal cost of US$219 (IQR 101–416) per severe ARI episode. In Panama, caregivers incurred a median of US$75 (IQR 39–135) in direct and indirect costs, and the health-care system paid US$280 (IQR 150–420) per hospitalization producing an overall societal cost of US$393 (IQR 258–552). Conclusions The cost of severe ARI to caregivers and the health care system was substantive. Our estimates will inform models to estimate national costs of severe ARI and cost-benefit of prevention and treatment strategies.
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- 2019
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50. Standard-Dose Intradermal Influenza Vaccine Elicits Cellular Immune Responses Similar to Those of Intramuscular Vaccine in Men With and Those Without HIV Infection
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Weiping Cao, James Stevens, Shivaprakash Gangappa, Shikha Garg, Sonja J Olsen, Justine S. Liepkalns, Timothy H. Holtz, Margarita Mishina, Marcel E. Curlin, Fatimah S. Dawood, Samuel Amoah, Prabda Praphasiri, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Paul J. Carney, Jin Hyang Kim, Jessie C. Chang, Lauren Beacham, Zhu Guo, and Stefan Fernandez
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Adult ,CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Immunoglobulin A ,Influenza vaccine ,Population ,HIV Infections ,Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Antibodies, Viral ,Immunoglobulin G ,Interferon-gamma ,03 medical and health sciences ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Influenza, Human ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Avidity ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,B-Lymphocytes ,Immunity, Cellular ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ,Middle Aged ,Thailand ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunization ,Influenza Vaccines ,Antibody Formation ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Interleukin-2 ,business - Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected persons are at a higher risk of severe influenza. Although we have shown that a standard-dose intradermal influenza vaccine versus a standard-dose intramuscular influenza vaccine does not result in differences in hemagglutination-inhibition titers in this population, a comprehensive examination of cell-mediated immune responses remains lacking. Methods Serological, antigen-specific B-cell, and interleukin 2–, interferon γ–, and tumor necrosis factor α–secreting T-cell responses were assessed in 79 HIV-infected men and 79 HIV-uninfected men. Results The route of vaccination did not affect the immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G (IgG) plasmablast or memory B-cell response, although these were severely impaired in the group with a CD4+ T-cell count of Conclusions The route of vaccination had no effect on antibody responses, antibody avidity, T-cell responses, or B-cell responses in HIV-infected or HIV-uninfected subjects. With the serological and cellular immune responses to influenza vaccination being impaired in HIV-infected individuals with a CD4+ T-cell count of Clinical trials registration NCT01538940.
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- 2019
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