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Plasmatic hyperglycaemia is responsible for positive and negative stimuli. Among responsive cells, smooth muscle cells respond actively, increasing their growth. Diabetes hyperglycaemia and lipidic disorders are frequently associated, resulting in the highest probability of cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and initiation of inflammatory process mediated by macrophages cause the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, rich in oxidized cholesterol, mostly 7-ketocholesterol. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 7-ketocholesterol in rabbit aorta endothelial cells, murine macrophages (J774) and smooth muscle cells (A7R5) maintained in normoglycemic and hyperglycaemic cultures. The 7-ketocholesterol-induced-cell death was observed in the normoglycemic medium three times more than the hyperglycaemic medium in all cells. High glucose medium had a protective effect on arterial smooth muscle cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adult stem cells (ASCs) are a population of tissue-resident cells that have the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into different cell types with potential for cell therapies. New approaches for ASCs isolation, including many tissue sources and new protocols that are more effective and less expensive are under investigation. Thus this work aim is to isolate, maintain in cell culture and evaluate cryopreservation protocols for adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) from different tissues such as subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral mesenteric and omental visceral taken from the same individual. Material and Methods: The techniques of mechanical and enzymatic dissociation were used, in order to investigate the most appropriated method to ADSCs isolation. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMF) in different concentrations were tested as cryoprotectors in 24, 48 and 72 hours thawing protocols. The samples were collected from obese patients with associated diseases undergoing bariatric surgery, between 30 to 45 years old. Results: Among 10 collected samples it was possible to measure cell viability from 4 patients. The higher cell rate was obtained from the visceral tissue of omentum. Conclusion: DMSO was the more efficient cryopreservant for this condition. This adipose tissue source could be explored for ADSCs isolation and future clinical investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a syndrome that often results in immunodeficiency coupled with pancytopenia. Hemopoietic tissue requires a high nutrient supply and the proliferation, differentiation and maturation of cells occur in a constant and balanced manner, sensitive to the demands of specific cell lineages and dependent on the stem cell population. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of PEM on some aspects of hemopoiesis, analyzing the cell cycle of bone marrow cells and the percentage of progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Two-month-old male Swiss mice (N = 7-9 per group) were submitted to PEM with a low-protein diet (4%) or were fed a control diet (20% protein) ad libitum. When the experimental group had lost about 20% of their original body weight after 14 days, we collected blood and bone marrow cells to determine the percentage of progenitor cells and the number of cells in each phase of the cell cycle. Animals of both groups were stimulated with 5-fluorouracil. Blood analysis, bone marrow cell composition and cell cycle evaluation was performed after 10 days. Malnourished animals presented anemia, reticulocytopenia and leukopenia. Their bone marrow was hypocellular and depleted of progenitor cells. Malnourished animals also presented more cells than normal in phases G0 and G1 of the cell cycle. Thus, we conclude that PEM leads to the depletion of progenitor hemopoietic populations and changes in cellular development. We suggest that these changes are some of the primary causes of pancytopenia in cases of PEM.