1. Surgical approaches in osteoarthritis: role of arthroscopy
- Author
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Zizzi F, Antonio Frizziero, L. Frizziero, Massimo Reta, Andrea Facchini, Fedele Rizzuti, Frizziero L., Reta M., Rizzuti F., Zizzi F., Frizziero A., and Facchini A.
- Subjects
Cartilage, Articular ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Cartilage ,ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY ,Arthroscopy ,Osteoarthritis ,Degeneration (medical) ,Matrix (biology) ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,medicine.disease ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Degenerative disease ,Rheumatology ,medicine ,Humans ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,business - Abstract
uman osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous andmultifactorialdiseasewithmultiplepathogeneticmech-anism implicated in its development and progression. Carti-lage degradation and loss are the major features of OA; de-generative changes include fibrillation, chondrocyteproliferation into cell clusters, and matrix disruption. Al-though biomechanical factors are strongly implicated, it isunclear which stimuli regulate the hyperactive phenotype ofOAchondrocytes,includingtheirabilitytoexpresscartilage-degradingproteinases(1).Recentstudieshaveimplicatedtheupregulation of several matrix-degrading metalloproteinases(MMPs)inOAcartilageandhavesuggestedthatchondrocyteproduction of MMPs in OA cartilage reflects local synthesisthat varies with the extent of cartilage degeneration. Thedemonstration of chondrocytes producing interleukin-1and tumor necrosis factor Theseverityofcartilagelesionshasbeenassessedusinganwithin the superficial zones ofOA cartilage supports the concept that cytokine-MMP asso-ciations contribute to a highly catabolic state, chondrocyteapoptosis, and the resultant progressive degeneration of ar-ticular cartilage (2-6).
- Published
- 2005