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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:40:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The use of microorganisms in agriculture as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents, in addition to their use in biotechnological practices, has been explored increasingly frequently over the years. Some bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, have many capabilities related to promoting plant growth. The present study attempted to evaluate eight B. subtilis strains regarding their capacity for enzymatic degradation, resistance to trace elements, antagonism against phytopathogenic fungi and siderophore production. The tests were performed in plate dishes and test tubes with six repetitions for each bacterial isolate. The results showed that all isolates were able to perform enzymatic degradation to phosphatase, amylase and cellulase. Regarding resistance to trace elements, for Cd, 0.5 mmol L-1 was sufficient to prevent the development of strains 248, 263 and 320; for Cu, isolate 263 obtained greater resistance; for Zn, isolate 320 was inhibited at 2.0 mmol L-1, for Cr(III), isolates 290 and 291 showed greater resistance to the metal, whereas for Cr(VI), isolates showed the same resistance pattern; and for Ni, isolates showed the same resistance behavior. In vitro antagonism occurred for all isolates; however, the antagonism occurred at different intensities, except for isolate 291. The production of siderophores was identified for only six isolates: 287, 320, 309, 274, 263 and 248. These results establish a foundation for further investigations to clarify the conditions and/or characteristics required by isolates for a more effective performance, observing metabolic routes and genetic mechanisms. Graduate Program in Agricultural Microbiology Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (PPGCTA-UFRRJ) Graduate Program in Agricultural Microbiology Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences State University of São Paulo (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:29:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-06-01 The present study aims to evaluate the APSIM-Maize model performance to use it as a decision-making tool to help improve production rates, reduce production costs and assess the potential impacts of climate change on crop yields in the Northeast of Brazil. The crop, soil and weather data used in the simulations were obtained from field experiments carried out in maize crops in 2008 and 2011 in two different edaphoclimatic regions in Alagoas State, Northeast Brazil. The approach we used explored the ability of APSIM to simulate growth variables and soil water dynamics of a maize variety (AL Bandeirante). During parametrization, we made some adjustments regarding the variety and soil organic matter to attain a better representation of the growth and soil water dynamics, respectively. The APSIM-Maize model predicted the leaf area index with a RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) ranging between 0.14 and 1.06 cm2 cm-2 and the biomass production with an RMSE between 2.30 and 3.34 Mg ha-1. The volumetric soil water content was satisfactorily predicted with RMSE ranging between 0.02 and 0.08 mm mm-1. Results showed that this model is a useful tool for decision-making, which can be potentially used as a support in climate risk management and policies, aiming to improve regional production, provided it has been previously validated with independent datasets. Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Viçosa Department of Agrometeorology Federal University of Alagoas Department of Rural Engineering São Paulo State University Department of Meteorology and Climatology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Department of Rural Engineering São Paulo State University

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:59:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The streaked prochilod Prochilodus lineatus is an important fish species from the Neotropical region. In this study, a protocol of triploidization was established by temperature shock. Fertilized eggs were shocked at 2 min post-fertilization at 0, 38, 40 and 42°C. At 0°C, the embryos were maintained for 30 min, while the rest for 2 min. Heat shocked embryos and control (during all experiment) were incubated at 27°C. The ploidy status was confirmed by flow cytometry, erythrocyte diameter, conventional cytogenetics (Giemsa staining), chromosome banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization using 5S and 18S rDNA probes. Heat-shock at 40°C produced 96.7% of triploids and such a procedure did not reduce the fertilization, hatching rate and the percentage of normal embryos. The use of chromosome banding and FISH gave rise to effective procedure to identify triploids. The data obtained here is innovative for the species and bring new information for basic and applied studies. Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Fish Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation Department of Veterinary Medicine – FZEA University of São Paulo Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Faculdade de Ciências Bauru UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University Faculdade de Ciências Bauru UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista FAPESP: 2010/17429-1 FAPESP: 2011/11664-1

First described over 120 years ago in Brazil, Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are expanses of dark soil that are exceptionally fertile and contain large quantities of archaeological artefacts. The elevated fertility of the dark and often deep A horizon of ADEs is widely regarded as an outcome of preColumbian human influence. Archaeological research provides clear evidence that their widespread formation in lowland South America was concentrated in the Late Holocene, an outcome of sharp human population growth that peaked towards 1000 BP.\ud In their recent paper Silva et al. argue that the higher fertility of ADEs is principally a result of fluvial deposition and, as a corollary, that pre-Columbian peoples just made use of these locales, contributing little to their enhanced nutrient status.\ud Soil formation is inherently complex and often difficult to interpret, requiring a combination of geochemical data, stratigraphy, and dating. Although Silva et al. use this combination of methods to make their case, their hypothesis, based on the analysis of a single ADE site and its immediate surroundings (Caldeirão, see maps in Silva et al.), is too limited to distinguish among the multiple possible mechanisms for ADE formation.\ud Moreover, it disregards or misreads a wealth of evidence produced by archaeologists, soil scientists, geographers and anthropologists, showing that ADEs are anthropic soils formed on land surfaces enriched by inputs associated with pre-Columbian sedentary settlement. To be accepted, and be pertinent at a regional level, Silva et al.’s hypothesis would need to be supported by solid evidence (from numerous ADE sites), which we demonstrate is lacking.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:38:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-12-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a sequential feeding program (SEQ) with diets varying in amino acid (AA) concentrations in the first and last 12 h of the day on the performance, body composition, and nutrient balance of growing-finishing pigs. Sixty-eight castrated male pigs were distributed in four treatments: a daily feeding program (DP) and three SEQs. In the DP, dietary requirements of AA were adjusted daily. In the SEQ, dietary daily requirements of AA were adjusted every 12 h, providing a low AA concentration in period 1 (P1; 00:00–11:59 h) and a high AA concentration in period 2 (P2; 12:00–23:59 h). In the SEQ, three different levels of low and high AA concentrations were evaluated: ±20%, ±30%, and ±40%. The experiment lasted 82 days and was divided into phase 1 (25–50 kg body weight; BW), phase 2 (50–70 kg BW), and phase 3 (70–100 kg BW). During phase 1, irrespective of dietary AA concentration, SEQ pigs had higher lysine intake, protein gain, and phosphorus efficiency than DP pigs (P ≤ 0.05). Pigs in the SEQ showed a tendency for greater average daily gain, body protein, and body lipids compared to the DP pigs (P ≤ 0.10). During phase 2, SEQ pigs showed a tendency for higher average feed intake in P2 compared to DP pigs (P = 0.07); consequently, average daily gain, body protein, and phosphorus retention tended to increase (P ≤ 0.10). During phase 3, SEQ pigs had a higher average feed intake in P2 than DP pigs (P = 0.03). However, they had a similar body composition (P > 0.05) and a tendency for higher nitrogen excretion (P = 0.06) than DP pigs. Our results suggest that SEQ is an effective approach for improving the performance and body composition of growing pigs. Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal Department of Animal Nutrition and Pastures Institute of Animal Science Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Department of Animal Science Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal CNPq: 141289/2017-1 FAPESP: 2017/18734-1 FAPESP: 2018/15559-7 CNPq: 311054/ 2020-0

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:34:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-11-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Supplementation of grazing cattle may improve forage utilization, methane emission and efficiency of nutrients use. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different supllementation strategies on performance, metabolic parameters and methane emission in Nellore cattle reared on well-managed marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv Marandu) pastures. Three supplementation strategies consisted of protein and energy sources from traditional ingredients compared to a novel feedstuff: TS) Traditional supplement (protein-energy) composed of ground corn and soybean meal; ES) energy supplement composed of ground corn; and DS) Distiller's coproduct supplement (protein-energy) composed of ground corn and dried distiller grain (DDG). All supplements were offered at 0.3% of body weight (BW). Sixty-nine growing Nellore bulls [251 kg of body weight (BW) ± 13.0 kg] were randomly distributed according to initial BW in nine paddocks (twenty-three animals per treatment, three paddocks per treatment) to evaluate liveweight gain. From these, eighteen bulls (381.83 kg BW ± 16.15 kg) were selected for methane emission measurements (six animals per treatment) using sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas technique. Six rumen cannulated steers (289.5 kg BW ± 19.6 kg) across six paddocks (two per treatment) were used in an incomplete double Latin square design (3 treatments x 4 periods) to evaluate metabolic parameters. Statistical analyses were done using the Mixed Procedure in SAS and adopting significance level at 5%. It was hypothesized that the use of DS or ES, could increase the N use efficiency because of a higher rumen undegradable protein content, and more energy available for microbial synthesis in the rumen, respectively. Overall, there were no differences on animal performance, intake, nutrients digestibility, ruminal parameters, and microbial protein synthesis among treatments indicating that any of the supplemental sources could be utilized. Although, animals in DS had lower urine N excretion. The ES supplement increased methane yield (g/DMI) and the methane conversion factor Ym (% of gross energy intake) when compared to other treatments, but not methane production, which was similar among all treatments. São Paulo State University Animal Science Department, Zip Code: 14884-900 Jaboticabal Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Zip Code: 23897-000 Seropédica Central Queensland University Institute for Future Farming Systems, Zip Code: 4701 Rockhampton São Paulo State University Animal Science Department, Zip Code: 14884-900 Jaboticabal CNPq: #141611/2017-0 FAPESP: #2015/16631-5

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:32:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-15 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) High elevations and steep slopes are currently observed in ancient mountain ranges despite active tectonics having ceased tens to hundreds of millions of years ago. Explanations for landscape dynamics in these settings generally postulate that post-orogenic relief is either the product of a recent topographic rejuvenation episode (or episodes) or was formed by ancient orogenesis after which the landscape has survived ever since, perhaps in a topographic equilibrium condition where erosion is spatially uniform. Here, we explore the morphology of a tropical wet and dry, high relief post-orogenic landscape in the Brazilian continental interior capped by ferruginous duricrusts and characterised by stark lithological variability. We explore whether a decline in relief has remained constant or increased during its post-orogenic evolution. We show that river knickpoints demarcate regional topographic transitions between 1) flat, relict uplands, 2) a rugged transition zone where channels and adjacent hillslopes are steep, and 3) gentle lowland morphologies in downstream areas. Relict areas are primarily capped by ferruginous duricrusts that are likely Eocene, as suggested by weathering geochronology in surrounding areas. Topography in the study area records at least two regional, transient topographic disequilibrium events, where the oldest drop in relative base level is expressed by knickpoints lying in high elevations fixed within ferruginous duricrusts that slow the propagation of the transient base level lowering signal. This transience is consistent with regional uplift events, likely driven by denudational isostatic rebound or compressional far-field stresses, with local effects superimposed linked with the strike-slip reactivation of old faults and the formation of the Pratinha Pull-Apart Basin. Relief is growing as the topography is slowly decaying, yet the topographic configuration of the area was established before these disequilibrium events. Our study demonstrates that ancient and younger landforms coexist in a post-orogenic setting, implying that the competing hypotheses for post-orogenic development are not mutually exclusive. “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11 UNESP - São Paulo State University, Ourinhos Campus, Av. Renato da Costa Lima, 451 GeotecLab CPMTC Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, s/n Zona Rural UNESP - São Paulo State University, Ourinhos Campus, Av. Renato da Costa Lima, 451 FAPESP: 2017/20788-2 FAPESP: 2017/22292-4 FAPESP: 2019/10708-7 CNPq: 301818/2017-7 CAPES: 88887.508590/2020-00

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing cottonseed meal with DDG on ruminal parameters, methane (CH4) emissions (Experiment 1), and animal performance (Experiment 2) of young Nellore bulls grazing Marandu grass during the rainy season. Four supplementation strategies were used in both experiments: (1) Mineral supplementation (MS), (2) conventional multiple supplement (energy/protein) with cottonseed meal and citrus pulp (CMS), (3) CMS with 50% cottonseed meal replaced by DDG (50DDG), and (4) CMS with 100% cottonseed meal replaced by DDG (100DDG). The 50DDG condition resulted in greater intake of dry matter (p = 0.033), organic matter (OM) (p = 0.050), forage (p = 0.035), and digestible OM (p = 0.031) than 100DDG. The supplemented animals presented greater final body weight (BW) and average daily gain than the animals consuming MS (p = 0.011), and lower pH, acetate, and acetate:propionate (p &lt, 0.05). However, the treatments had no influence on stocking rate, gain per area, and enteric CH4 emissions (p &gt, 0.05). Replacing cottonseed meal with DDG does not result in great variations in ruminal parameters, animal performance, and enteric CH4 emissions of grazing Nellore cattle during the rearing phase in the wet season. Both protein sources in 0.3% BW supplementation can be used to intensify beef cattle production in pastures.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:42:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 Two nitrogen balance (NB) studies were performed to estimate individual responses and the ideal standardized ileal digestible (SID) of valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile) to lysine (Lys) ratios, as well as to examine the individual variability among pigs of 20 to-30 kg. Eight castrated male pigs with an initial average body weight of 20.80 ± 1.30 kg were used to evaluate SID Val:Lys in experiment 1 (Exp 1), and eight males weighing 21.90 ± 1.66 kg were used to assess SID Ile:Lys in experiment 2 (Exp 2). The experiments lasted 28 days, consisting of 7 days of adaptation and 21 days of collection. The SID Val:Lys and SID Ile:Lys in diets increasing by a total of seven equal increments (SID Val:Lys from 0.56 to 0.74 and SID Ile:Lys from 0.43 to 0.61) were sequential fed every 3 days for each pig. Nitrogen retention (NR) as a function of SID Val:Lys and SID Ile:Lys was estimated per individual and per group using a linear broken-line (LBL) and was also estimated per group using a quadratic broken-line (QBL). In the LBL adjusted for each individual in Exp 1, the highest breakpoint was 0.68 and the lowest was 0.62. In terms of NR, the highest plateau in the LBL was 52.03 g and the lowest was 34.78 g. In the LBL adjusted for each individual in Exp 2, the highest breakpoint was 0.60 and the lowest was 0.52. The highest plateau for NR in the LBL was 56.04 g and the lowest was 36.44 g. In the LBL model including all animals, the optimal ratio in Exp 1 was estimated to be 0.67 (breakpoint), and the NR plateau was 43.25 g. In the QBL model, the optimal ratio estimated was 0.70 (breakpoint) and the NR plateau was 42.75 g. In the LBL model including all animals, the optimal ratio in Exp 2 was estimated to be 0.55 (breakpoint) and the NR plateau was 40.89 g. In the QBL model, the optimal ratio estimated was 0.62 (breakpoint) and the NR plateau was 42.32 g. The individual ideal ratios for pigs of 20 to-30 kg varied from 0.62 to 0.68 for SID Val:Lys and from 0.52 to 0.60 for SID Ile:Lys. The estimated ideal ratios to optimize NR were 0.70 for SID Val:Lys and 0.62 for SID Ile:Lys. São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T09:00:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 B chromosomes occur in different species of the small characid fishes of the genus Moenkhausia. These supernumerary elements, that do not recombine with chromosomes of the standard A complement and follow their own evolutionary mechanism vary in number, morphology, and distribution. Here, we show karyotypic data of individuals of 2 populations of Moenkhausia oligolepis of the Brazilian Amazon (Pedro Correia and Taboquinha streams, Tocantins river basin), both with a diploid number of 50 chromosomes and karyotypic formula of 10m + 32sm + 8a. In addition to the normal complement, we also observed the occurrence of B chromosomes in the 2 populations with intra- A nd interindividual variation ranging from 0 to 10 Bs, independent of sex. The C-banding pattern evidenced heterochromatic blocks located mainly in the pericentromeric region of the chromosomes, while the B chromosomes appeared euchromatic. Silver-stained nucleolus organizer regions were identified in multiples sites, and some of these blocks were positive when stained with chromomycin A3. The karyotype analysis and the application of whole-chromosome painting in populations of M. oligolepis reinforce the conservation of the basal diploid number for the genus, as well as the evolutionary tendency in these fishes to carry B chromosomes. Both populations turned out to be in different stages of stability and expansion of their B chromosomes. We further suggest that the origin of these chromosomes is due to the formation of isochromosomes. Here, we identified a pair of complement A chromosomes involved in this process. Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry Federal University of Uberlândia Post-Graduate Program in Evolutionary Biology Department of Structural Molecular and Genetic Biology State University of Ponta Grossa Department of Genetics Institute of Biological and Health Sciences ICBS Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences Paulista State University (UNESP) Department of Structural and Functional Biology Botucatu Biosciences Institute Paulista State University (UNESP) Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences Paulista State University (UNESP) Department of Structural and Functional Biology Botucatu Biosciences Institute Paulista State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:49:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá) has been demonstrating good silvicultural performance when cultivated in Agroforestry systems in the Amazon. However, the effects of this cultivation system on wood properties is unknown. The objectives of this research are to understand the effects of the cultivation system on the anatomical characteristics, and physical and mechanical properties of paricá wood. The material used in this study was obtained from an experiment in the southwest region of the state of Pará, Brazil. The treatments included an agroforestry system (AFS) of paricá in consortium with soy (Glycine max), in the first year, corn (Zea mays) in the second and a monoculture only with the studied species. Our results demonstrated significant differences in soil chemical attributes among treatments: the soil in the AFS showed higher levels of phosphorus (P), calcium (C) and copper (Cu) than the soil of the monoculture system. The wood produced in the AFS is significantly different in relation to the monoculture system: wood density and the resistance to compression parallel to fibers being lower in AFS. Furthermore, the AFS presented significant statistical effects on some anatomical characteristics of the wood. Higher values for tangential diameter of vessel lumina and for ray frequency were found. The alterations in wood properties were mainly related to the high concentration of phosphorus in the AFS soil, which can affect the tree growth rates and cambial activity. State University of Pará, Campus VIII Federal University of Western Pará Arboris Group Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Forestry Department Federal University of Viçosa São Paulo State University - UNESP São Paulo State University - UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:40:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-04-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study evaluated intake, apparent digestibility, ruminal parameters, nitrogen balance, and microbial protein synthesis in grazing beef cattle fed a mineral mix or combination of two coproducts (cottonseed meal and dried distiller’s grains (DDG)) during the wet season. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu pastures were managed under continuous stocking to maintain a fixed grazing height of 25 cm using put-and-take methodology. Eight rumen cannulated Nellore steers were used to evaluate the different supplementation strategies. The experiment was composed of four treatments: (1) mineral mixed (MM; ad libitum); (2) energy-protein supplement using corn grain (energy) and cottonseed meal (protein; CS); (3) energy-protein supplement with 50% of the cottonseed meal replaced by DDG (50DDG); and (4) energy-protein supplement with 100% of the cottonseed meal replaced by DDG (100DDG). Except for MM, all supplements were supplied at a level of 0.3% of body weight (BW). A double Latin square was the experimental design performed, with eight cannulated animals, four treatments, across four experimental periods. There was a difference between dry matter and nutrient intake among treatments. The nitrogen balance was different between MM and the other treatments. There was a linear decrease in the rumen ammonia nitrogen levels under CS, 50DDG, and 100DDG. There were no treatment effects on the other parameters evaluated (P ≥ 0.10). Replacing the protein source in the supplement composition did not affect the metabolic parameters and the microbial protein synthesis. Supplementation at a rate of 0.3% BW, compared to MM supplementation, increased the nitrogen utilization efficiency in grazing cattle. School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Campus Jaboticabal Department of Animal Science São Paulo State University (Unesp), SP Trouw Nutrition, 13.080-650, SP Institute of Animal Husbandry Department of Animal Production Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), 23.897-000, Seropédica School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Campus Jaboticabal Department of Animal Science São Paulo State University (Unesp), SP FAPESP: 15/16631-5 FAPESP: 17/11274-5

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:09:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-01 Context: Differences among breeds or lines of pigs in terms of growth and carcass characteristics may be affected by rearing environment (genetic × environment interaction). Aims: The present study compared the growth performance and carcass composition of pigs from two sire lines reared under constant thermoneutral (22°C; TN) or high ambient temperature (33°C; HT) conditions. Methods: Hampshire (HAM) and synthetic-cross (SYN) castrated male pigs (n = 12 per group; 32.0 ± 2.0 kg) were kept in individual pens at either 22°C (TN) or 33°C (HT) for 55 days (two experimental phases: 0-27 and 28-55 days) following an adaptation period of 7 days. Throughout the experimental period, growth performance and body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on Days 27 and 55) were assessed, and a range of other measurements (serum parameters and physiological responses), which were divided into four measurement groups, was taken on 9 days. Key results: Irrespective of genetic line (G), the pigs in the HT treatment had lower average daily feed intake values (P < 0.001, by 29% and 41%) than did the pigs in the TN treatment during both experimental phases (0-27 and 28-55 days). During the second growth phase, the average daily gain of the SYN pigs in the HT treatment was reduced by 50%, whereas that of the HAM pigs was reduced by 24% (P < 0.05 for G × ambient temperature (AT)). On Days 27 and 55, pig bodyweight was lower (P < 0.05) in the HT treatment than in the TN treatment. On Day 27, a G × AT interaction was detected for backfat thickness (P < 0.05); among the SYN pigs, the value of this trait was lower (16%; P < 0.05) in the HT treatment than in the TN treatment, while for the HAM pigs, it was not influenced by treatment type. Conclusion: Despite progeny from both genetic lines being affected negatively by high AT, the purebred HAM pigs were less affected by the high AT conditions than were the pigs from the synthetic line. Implication: The present findings suggest that individual farm conditions and AT are among the most important factors to consider before implementing a G. Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Department of Animal Nutrition and Pastures, km07 Highway BR-405, Seropédica São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, w/n Paulo Donato Castellane Road Universidade Federal de Viçosa Department of Animal Science, w/n Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, w/n Paulo Donato Castellane Road

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:16:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung The study of the interaction of cicatricose spores related to the family Anemiaceae with other botanical groups in the palynological record contributes to a better understanding of the paleoecological, paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental aspects of this family through geological times. The present work based on the investigation of Anemiaceae fossil spores and other contemporary palynomorphs in different geological rock units and time windows from Brazil, France and India. For the purpose to fulfill the objectives of this study, detailed statistical analyses are applied in order to trace the adaptation of Anemiaceae in variable conditions throughout its geological existence, especially that this family is distributed spatially through a large regional scale of the world and was not limited to warm and humid paleoclimates. Results show that fossil Anemiaceae has been survived interacting among a diverse community of plants in a wide spectrum of paleoenvironments and paleoclimates. Department of Geology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Department of Petrology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro UNESP/UNESPetro Campus of Rio Claro São Paulo State University Department of Botany Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences UMR 7204 CR2P Le Centre de Recherche en paléontologie-Paris Sorbone Université, 4 place Jussieu Institut für Geowissenschaften Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Department of Geology Faculty of Science Mansoura University Department of Soil Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro UNESP/UNESPetro Campus of Rio Claro São Paulo State University Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung: EGY - 1190326 - GF-P

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:45:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 This study deals with the use of commercial lipase stabilized onto magnetic particles of iron oxides (Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3) and applied as a heterogeneous biocatalyst in the synthesis of ethyl esters (biodiesel) in a solvent-free medium on a continuous process. Magnetic particles were synthesized by alkaline co-precipitation, silanized, activated and subsequently used for immobilization of Burkholderia cepacia lipase. The results regarding the lipase immobilization showed an enzyme activity retention of about 53% and an increase in the KM value in about threefold (from 410 to 1262 mmol L−1) and a decrease in the Vmax value in sevenfold (From 12,390 to 1786 U g−1) when compared with the free enzyme. The immobilization process favored the thermal stability and increased the half-time of the enzyme about tenfold at 50 °C. The immobilized derivative was evaluated to aroma production and the activity of esterification was calculated as being 56.7 μmol L−1 g−1 min−1, which corresponds to a productivity value of 0.58 g ester L−1 h−1. The immobilized system was also used to mediate transesterification of kernel oil in a fixed bed reactor operating in a continuous flow with a reaction medium composed of oil and ethanol at a molar ratio of 1:12, 50 °C and space–time of 16 h. The operational stability of the immobilized lipase estimated at 47 days allowed to operate the reactor with high productivity of 38.7 ± 0.7 mg g−1 h−1. Also, the product properties of the ester content (> 96.5%) and kinematic viscosity value (5.32 ± 0.4 mm2 s−1 at 40 °C) meet the requirements of the ANP and ASTM (D6751) for biodiesel fuel. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] Engineering School of Lorena University of São Paulo, PO Box 116 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) EARTH University National Institute for Space Research Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Alfenas School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Pregnancy in sheep is a physiological condition characterized by a significant increase in energy demand to ensure adequate foetal growth and development, making them susceptible to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to analyse the markers of oxidative stress in sheep during pregnancy, parturition and close to peripartum (up to 48 h postpartum), comparing single with twin gestation. Sixty healthy Dorper ewes from 2 to 5 years’ old raised under semi-intensive management were used in this study. Ewes were grouped based on foetal number: Group 1, with single pregnancy (n = 30); Group 2, with a twin pregnancy (n = 30). Blood samples were collected nine times: after artificial insemination (D0, control); at 30 days (D30), 90 days (D90), 120 days (D120), 130 days (D130), and 140 days (D140) of pregnancy; on the day of delivery (DD); at 24 h (PD1) and 48 h (PD2) post-delivery. The concentrations of reduced thiol groups (-SH, P = 0.0155), the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, P = 0.0009), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, P = 0.0110) and catalase (CAT, P = 0.0001) differed according to fetal number by time. Twin gestation decreased concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; P = 0.0278), and TBARS had differed over time (P < 0.0001), but a fetal number by time interaction was not detected (P = 0.2413). Overall, at peripartum period, there was a higher concentration of SOD and glutathione (-SH and GSH-Px), revealing changes on oxidation and antioxidant activity. TBARS concentration was affected by the number of foetus, considering all experimental periods. In conclusion, as gestation progress, the challenges related to the antioxidant status are more pronounced, especially for twin pregnancy, at the final third of gestation. Department of Veterinary Clinic School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Secretary of Agriculture and Supply of São Paulo State Department of Basic Sciences School of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA) University of São Paulo (USP) Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz” University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09 Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Department of Veterinary Clinic School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:08:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of ketamine–midazolam for chemical restraint, isoflurane anesthesia and tramadol or methadone as preventive analgesia in spotted pacas subjected to laparoscopy. Study design: Prospective placebo-controlled blinded trial. Animals: A total of eight captive female Cuniculus paca weighing 9.3 ± 0.9 kg. Methods: Animals were anesthetized on three occasions with 15 day intervals. Manually restrained animals were administered midazolam (0.5 mg kg–1) and ketamine (25 mg kg–1) intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane 30 minutes later. Tramadol (5 mg kg–1), methadone (0.5 mg kg–1) or saline (0.05 mL kg–1) were administered intramuscularly 15 minutes prior to laparoscopy. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal CO2 partial pressure (PE′CO2), end-tidal concentration of isoflurane (FE′Iso), pH, PaO2, PaCO2, bicarbonate (HCO3−), anion gap (AG) and base excess (BE) were monitored after chemical restraint, anesthesia induction and at different laparoscopy stages. Postoperative pain was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) for 24 hours. Variables were compared using ANOVA or Friedman test (p < 0.05). Results: Chemical restraint was effective in 92% of animals. Isoflurane anesthesia was effective; however, HR, MAP, pH and AG decreased, whereas PE′CO2, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3− and BE increased. MAP was stable with tramadol and methadone treatments; HR, FE′Iso and postoperative VAS decreased. VAS was lower for a longer time with methadone treatment; SpO2 and AG decreased, whereas PE′CO2, PaCO2 and HCO3− increased. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Ketamine–midazolam provided satisfactory restraint. Isoflurane anesthesia for laparoscopy was effective but resulted in hypotension and respiratory acidosis. Tramadol and methadone reduced isoflurane requirements, provided postoperative analgesia and caused hypercapnia, with methadone causing severe respiratory depression. Thus, the anesthetic protocol is adequate for laparoscopy in Cuniculus paca; however, methadone should be avoided. Institute of Agrarian Sciences Federal University of Jequithonha and Mucury Valleys (UFVJM) Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Theriogenology São Paulo State University (Unesp) “Julio de Mesquita Filho” Department of Medicine and Veterinary Surgery Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Department of Large Animal Clinic Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Theriogenology São Paulo State University (Unesp) “Julio de Mesquita Filho” CAPES: 14835126 FAPESP: FAPESP 2012/00724-6

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T15:46:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The wet-dry transition period brings unique challenges to cattle producers in the tropics as the forage quality starts to decrease and animal performance is negatively affected unless supple-mentation strategies are applied. Two experiments were conducted concomitantly to evaluate the performance and metabolic parameters of cattle supplemented with two different energy sources under a C4 tropical grass continuous grazing system in the wet-dry transition period. In experiment (exp) 1, the liveweight (LW) gain of 42 growing Bos indicus Nellore bulls allocated to 12 paddocks of Uruchloa brizantha cv. Marandu, in a completely randomized block design, was evaluated to compare corn and citrus pulp-based supplements offered at 0.5% LW. Metabolism was evaluated in exp 2 with eight rumen-cannulated Nellore steers in an incomplete replicated Latin square design (RLSD) 4 × 2 (steers × treatment) fed the same two treatments as in exp 1. No differences in animal performance were observed between corn or citrus pulp-based supplements. Rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, and blood urea nitrogen were lower in the rumen of animals supplemented with citrus pulp. Despite this, there were no differences in total dry matter intake amongst the two energy sources. The neutral detergent fibre digestibility of the diet containing corn decreased, but it neither affected performance nor liveweight gain per area. The findings suggest that corn can be replaced by citrus pulp with neither detrimental effects on animal performance nor indirect effects on pastures productivity. Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University, SP Trouw Nutrition Brasil Nutreco Group, SP Institute for Future Farming Systems CQUniversity Institute of Animal Husbandry Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, , RJ Premix, SP Cargill Animal Nutrition, SP Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University, SP FAPESP: 10/09564-6

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:36:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The number of reports of tick parasitism in amphibians and reptiles has increased over the past few years, including new host and location records for Amblyomma rotundatum and Amblyomma dissimile. However, knowledge of the geographical distribution remains incomplete, and in many regions of Brazil, the presence of these vectors has not been investigated. Several candidate models were built using a correlative maximum entropy approach, and best-fitting models were selected based on statistical significance, predictive ability, and complexity based on current climatic trends and future projected climate changes. Final models showed a good ability to discriminate A. rotundatum and A. dissimile current and future potential distributions. The entire country had higher predicted suitability for A. rotundatum while A. dissimile was mainly restricted to the Amazon and Pantanal biomes. A. rotundatum is a species with enormous potential for dissemination in the next decades, potentially through the legal and illegal transport of reptiles and amphibians. The proposed model is useful for targeting surveillance efforts increasing the efficiency and accuracy of future ecological research and tick management efforts. Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Heath University of São Paulo Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Salud Pública Universidad de La Salle Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia do Renorbio Ponto Focal Maranhão Universidade Federal do Maranhão Department of Biodiversity Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC) Institute of Biosciences Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) Campus Rio Claro Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Department of Ecology Institute of Biology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Department of Animal Biology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Special Laboratory of Zoological Collections Butantan Institute Master’s Program in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Welfare Santo Amaro University Department of Animal Parasitology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Department of Biodiversity Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC) Institute of Biosciences Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) Campus Rio Claro

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Pigs exposed to stressors might change their daily typical feeding intake pattern. The objective of this study was to develop a method for the early identification of deviations from an individual pig's typical feeding patterns. In addition, a general approach was proposed to model feed intake and real-time individual nutrient requirements for pigs with atypical feeding patterns. First, a dynamic linear model (DLM) was proposed to model the typical daily feed intake (DFI) and daily gain (DG) patterns of pigs. Individual DFI and DG dynamics are described by a univariate DLM in conjunction with Kalman filtering. A standardized tabular cumulative sum (CUMSUM) control chart was applied to the forecast errors generated by DLM to activate an alarm when a pig showed deviations from its typical feeding patterns. The relative feed intake (RFI) during a challenge period was calculated. For that, the forecasted individual pig DFI is expressed as its highest DFI relative to the intake during pre-challenge period. Finally, the DLM and RFI approaches were integrated into the actual precision-feeding model (original model) to estimate real-time individual nutrient requirements for pigs with atypical feeding patterns. This general approach was evaluated with data from two studies (130 pigs, at 35.25 ± 3.9 kg of initial BW) that investigated during 84 days the effect of precision-feeding systems for growing-finishing pigs. The proposed general approach to estimating real-time individual nutrient requirements (updated model) was evaluated by comparing its estimates with those generated by the original model. For 11 individuals out of 130, the DLM did not fit the observed data well in a specific period, resulting in an increase in the sum of standardized forecast errors and in the number of time steps that the model needed to adapt to the new patterns. This poor fit can be identified by the increase in the CUMSUM with a consequent alarm generated. The results of this study show that the updated model made it possible to reduce intra-individual variation for the estimated lysine requirements in comparison with the original model, especially for individuals with atypical feeding patterns. In conclusion, the DLM in conjunction with CUMSUM could be used as a tool for the online monitoring of DFI for growing-finishing pigs. Moreover, the proposed general approach allows the estimation of real-time amino acid requirements and accounts for the reduced feed intake and growth potential of pigs with atypical feeding patterns. Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2 Faculty of Agronomy Federal University of Rio Grande Do sul Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street Department of Animal Nutrition and Pastures Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:13:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-01 Oxidative stress occurs when there is greater than optimal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or an antioxidant system failure. Calves produced using in vitro fertilization (IVF) or cloning (CA) have greater mortality rates, with greater incidence of respiratory diseases, which could be explained by the deleterious outcomes from oxidative stress. Calves were studied that were produced using: artificial insemination (AI; n = 20), in vitro fertilization (IVF; n = 15) or cloning (CA; n = 15). Blood samples were collected at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h subsequent to the time of birth. The cloned calves had greater ROS production from lipid peroxidation, with greater thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. This factor was associated with a lesser amount of superoxide dismutase in the CA. Calves produced using IVF had a greater activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, either due to greater production of hydrogen peroxide or greater efficiency of enzymatic response of these neonates. Calves produced using AI had greater concentrations ​​of reduced thiol groups. These associated factors may indicate there is greater oxidative stress in calves produced by IVF and cloning than with use of AI, however in these calves there was an effective response to these oxidative stressors within 48 h subsequent to birth. Hence, calves produced using IVF and by cloning have greater ROS production when compared to calves produced using AI. The calves produced using IVF, however, had a greater enzymatic activity or were more efficient in adapting to ROS when compared to calves produced by cloning. Department of Veterinary Clinic School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Clinics Agricultural Sciences Center Londrina State University (UEL) Department of Basic Sciences School of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA) University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga Campus In Vitro Clonagem Animal S/A. Mogi Mirim Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Departament of Medical Clinic (VCM) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) São Paulo University (USP) Department of Veterinary Clinic School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:49:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 The Brazilian government intends to complete the paving of the BR-319 highway, which connects Porto Velho in the deforestation arc region with Manaus in the middle of the Amazon Forest. This paving is being planned despite environmental legislation, and there is concern that its effectiveness will cause additional deforestation, threatening large portions of forest, conservation units (CUs), and indigenous lands (ILs) in the surrounding areas. In this study, we evaluated environmental degradation along the BR-319 highway from 2008 to 2020 and verified whether highway maintenance has contributed to deforestation. For this purpose, we created a 20 km buffer adjacent to the BR-319 highway and evaluated variables extracted from remote sensing information between 2008 and 2020. Fire foci, burned areas, and rainfall data were used to calculate a drought index using statistical tests for a time series. Furthermore, these were related to data on deforestation, CUs, and ILs using principal component analysis and Pearson’s correlation. Our results showed that 743 km2 of forest was deforested during the period evaluated, most of which occurred in the last four years. A total of 16,472 fire foci were identified. Both deforestation and fire foci occurred mainly outside the CUs and ILs. The most affected areas were close to capital cities, and after resuming road maintenance in 2015, deforestation increased outside the capital cities. Current government policy for Amazon occupation promotes deforestation and will compromise Brazil’s climate goals of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and deforestation. Department of Biology State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) Department of Agronomy State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Department of Geography State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) Ciencias Sistemas Agropecuarios y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, sn, Centro Department of Soil Science State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Department of Environmental Sciences Forest Institute Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Department of Agronomy Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Department of Agronomy State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Department of Soil Science State University of São Paulo (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:34:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The use of renal biopsy through laparoscopy is increasingly present both in human and veterinary medicine. However, both techniques require skill and training to make the operator capable to do it. The learning curve allows the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the number of attempts and minimum time for the surgical procedure. The objective included establish the learning curve for laparoscopy-guided kidney biopsy procedures in dog and pig corpses. Six dogs and six pigs corpses weighing less than 10 kg were used for this study. All corpses underwent kidney biopsy performed through laparoscopy. Twenty-four operators, two per animal, performed 20 renal biopsies each (10 for each kidney), with 480 collection-procedures in total. Duration and difficulty of the procedure and the biopsy sample quality were evaluated and statistical analysis was performed using a mixed regression model with a random effect of individuals and multivariate analysis of data. There were 91.5% of the samples that were adequate for evaluation. There was no significant difference in the number of glomeruli or cortex percentage considering the attempts in either species, demonstrating the operator’s ability since first collection. Swine samples showed higher amounts of renal cortex than canine samples. The procedure duration was shorter as more attempts were performed in dogs and pigs. From the fourth repetition, the professional reached a plateau for the variable related to ‘collection’, and from the second, the professional presented uniform duration for ‘sample storage’. Operators of the swine model acquired more agility than the dog ones. The variable ‘difficulty’ decreased as more repetitions were performed, reaching a plateau in the sixth attempt. Seven renal biopsies laparoscopy-guided are required for an operator to be considered ‘capable’ to perform the procedure in the referred species included. The learning curve for image-guided kidney biopsy procedures improves the implementation of this technique and benefits patients that undergo this procedure. Department of Veterinary Clinics School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo University of Franca (UNIFRAN), São Paulo Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica Department of Animal Science UNA—Academic Center, Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais Health Promotion Graduate Program University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Franca Animal Science Graduate Program Veterinary Teaching Hospital of University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Franca, São Paulo Global Study Program University of California Davis (UC DAVIS) Graduate Program in Veterinary Science (PPGCV) College of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEV) Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Department of Veterinary Clinics School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo FAPESP: #2017/ 25458-0

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:43:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 The use of products based on humic substances (HS), such as K-humate (KH), and the implementation of soybean seed inoculation technology can provide positive impacts on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). In this work, different KH concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 4000 mg kH L−1) were applied to soybean seeds inoculated with Bradyrhizobium, and the effects of this compound on Bradyrhizobium seed survival, root morphology, nodulation, biomass increase and nitrogen content were evaluated. KH concentrations of 50, 100 and 4000 mg kH L−1 increased (p < 0.05) the survival of Bradyrhizobium in seeds after 25 days of storage. The application of KH showed superior effects compared to the control in relation to the length of primary roots (50 and 4000 mg kH L−1), total length of the roots (50, 100 and 150 mg kH L−1), volume (all concentrations), diameter (50, 100 and 4000 mg kH L−1) and root area (50, 100 and 200 mg kH L−1). In the soil experiment, a KH concentration of 50 mg L−1 was able to provide greater increments (p < 0.05) in nodulation (number and weight of nodules), biomass and N content in the shoots than the control. All KH doses increased the number of nodules in relation to inoculation with Bradyrhizobium. A KH concentration of 50 mg L−1 was the most promising considering the N input to the leaves. Graduate Program in Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Graduate Program in Plant Production Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (PPGCTAUFRRJ) Omnia Brazil. Custódio Pereira. Cidade Jardim Graduate Program in Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Graduate Program in Plant Production Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences State University of São Paulo (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:57:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-02-01 The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sperm concentration, sperm quality, and semen deposition site on uterine inflammatory response in mares. Twenty-five mares with healthy reproductive tracts were used for artificial inseminations (AIs) using frozen-thawed semen and divided into 5 experimental groups: Control—insemination with 800 × 106 total spermatozoa in the body of the uterus (n = 5); G2—insemination with 40 × 106 total motile sperm (TMS) into uterine body (n = 5); G3—insemination with 40 × 106 TMS at the uterotubal junction by hysteroscopy (HI) (n = 5); G4—insemination with 40 × 106 TMS at the uterotubal junction by HI, with frozen-thawed semen selected by Percoll gradient (n = 5); G5—insemination with 40 × 106 total motility sperm into uterine body, using frozen-thawed semen selected by Percoll gradient (n = 5). Number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in uterine cytology was observed at 8 and 24 hours after AI. A reduced inflammatory endometrial reaction (P .05) regardless of the type of insemination (conventional or hysteroscopic). In addition, mares inseminated by hysteroscopy showed a greater local inflammatory reaction (P

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:42:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-11-15 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The present study was developed in a joint partnership with the Brazilian pedometrics community to standardize and evaluate spectra within the 350–2500 nm range of Brazilian soils. The Brazilian Soil Spectral Library (BSSL) began in 1995, creating a protocol to gather soil samples from different locations in Brazil. The BSSL reached 39,284 soil samples from 65 contributors representing 41 institutions from all 26 states. Through the BSSL spectra database, it was possible to estimate important soil attributes, such as clay, sand, soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, pH and base saturation, resulting in differences among the multi-scale models taking Brazil (overall), regional and state scale. In general, spectral descriptive and quantitative behavior indicated important relationship with physical, chemical and mineralogical properties. Statistical analyses showed that six basic patterns of spectral signatures represent the Brazilian soils types and that environmental conditions explain the differences in spectra. This study demonstrates that spectroscopy analyses along with the establishment of soil spectral libraries are a powerful technique for providing information on a national and regional levels. We also developed an interactive online platform showing soil sample locations and their contributors. As soil spectroscopy is considered a fast, simple, accurate and nondestructive analytical procedure, its application may be integrated with wet analysis as an alternative to support the sustainable management of soils. Department of Soil Science Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) University of São Paulo (USP), Ave. Pádua Dias 11, Cx. Postal 9 Department of Soil Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000 Geographical Sciences Department Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Ac. Hélio Ramos, s/n Department of Agronomy State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790 Department of Agriculture Biodiversity and Forestry Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Ulysses Gaboardi 3000 - Km 3 Federal Rural University of Amazon, Ave. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501 Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine University of Brasília EMBRAPA - Solos, R. Antônio Falcão, 402, Boa Viagem Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) USP, Av. Centenário 303 CDRS/Secretary of Agriculture of São Paulo State, R. Campos Salles 507 Department of Soils Federal University of Viçosa, Ave. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n EMBRAPA – Informática Agropecuária, Ave. André Tosello, 209 Department of Nuclear Energy Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Luis Freire 1000 Department of Geography Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Joaquim Gregório s/n Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Ave. Barão de Itapura 1481 Institute of Agricultural Sciences Federal Rural University of Amazônia, Ave. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, 66.077-830 Department of Soil Science Federal University of Lavras Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367 Department of Soils Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07 s/n Soil and Water Sciences Department University of Florida, 2181 McCarty Hallr, PO Box 110290 EMBRAPA - Solos, R. Jardim Botânico, 1024 Department of Soils and Fertilizers School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies São Paulo State University (FCAV-UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n Graduate Program in Earth Sciences (Geochemistry) Department of Geochemistry Federal Fluminense University, Outeiro São João Batista, s/n Federal Institute of the Southeast of Minas Gerais, R. Monsenhor José Augusto 204 Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Joaquim Gregório s/n Federal University of Piauí EMBRAPA Milho e Sorgo, Rod MG 424 Km 45 Institute of Agricultural Sciences Federal University of Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Valleys, Ave. Ver. João Narciso 1380 Department of Biosystems Engineering ESALQ USP, Ave. Pádua Dias 11, Cx. Postal 9 Federal University of Acre, Rodovia BR 364 Km 04 Federal University of Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo O. J. Ramos 1200 EMBRAPA Clima Temperado, BR-392, km 78 Department of Agronomy Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, R. Manuel de Medeiros s/n EMBRAPA Cocais, Quadra 11, Av. São Luís Rei de França 4 Paraense Emílio Goeldi Museum, Av. Gov. Magalhães Barata 376 Exata Laboratory, Rua Silvestre Carvalho Q 11 Federal University of Rondônia, BR 364, Km 9.5 Nacional Institute for Amazonian Research, Ave. André Araújo 2936 Department of Forestry Sciences ESALQ-USP, Ave. Pádua Dias 11, Cx. Postal 9 Department of Soils and Fertilizers School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies São Paulo State University (FCAV-UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n FAPESP: 2014/22262-0 FAPESP: 2016/26176-6 FAPESP: 2017/03207-6

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-30T17:10:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O plantio de espécies florestais contribui para a recuperação de áreas degradadas, e o emprego de resíduos industriais pode favorecer este processo. No entanto, ainda há poucas informações sobre este aspecto em Cerrado. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de mudas da espécie nativa Mabea fistulifera Mart. e do híbrido exótico Eucalyptus urograndis, sobre adubação com resíduo da produção industrial de celulose, em plantios monoespecíficos em área degradada. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas: espécies nas parcelas (15 m x 60 m, n = 4/espécie) e tratamentos nas subparcelas (15 m x 12 m, n = 1/tratamento/parcela), com um total de 18 plantas em cada subparcela. Os tratamentos de adubação aplicados na linha de plantio, foram três doses do resíduo (10, 15 e 20 Mg ha -1 ); adubação mineral convencional (NPK), ausência de adubação(controle). Avaliou-se taxa de sobrevivência e atributos de crescimento (altura, diâmetro de copa, diâmetro do caule à altura do solo), durante dois anos consecutivos. Os maiores incrementos de sobrevivência e crescimento de mudas de ambas espécies foi proporcionado pela adubação mineral, seguido da dose de 10 Mg ha -1 do resíduo, que deveria ser a recomendada. The planting of forest species contributes to the recovery of degraded areas, and the use of industrial waste can favor this process. However, there is still little information on this aspect in Cerrado. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of seedlings of the native species Mabea fistulifera Mart. and of the exotic hybrid Eucalyptus urograndis, under fertilization with residue of the industrial production of cellulose, in monospecific plantations in degraded area. Fertilization treatments, applied in the planting line, were three doses of the residue (10, 15 and 20 Mg ha -1 ); conventional mineral fertilizer (NPK); absence of fertilization (control). The experimental design was a randomized block design, with a portion of subdivided parts: species in the portions (15 m x 60 m, n = 4 / species) and treatments in the subportions (15 m x 12 m, n = 1 / treatment / portion) total of 18 plants in each subplot. Survival rate and growth attributes (height, crown diameter, stem diameter at ground level) were evaluated for two consecutive years. The largest increases in seedling survival and growth of both species were provided by mineral fertilization, followed by the 10 Mg ha -1 dose of the residue, which should be the recommended. Comlurb Urban Information System Rio de Janeiro Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' Department of Plant Protection Rural Engineering and Soils Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Postgraduate Program in Environmental and Forest Sciences Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Department of Soils Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' Department of Plant Protection Rural Engineering and Soils

International audience; Silica phytoliths from the leaves of Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult growing spontaneously on gold-mine contaminated soil were extracted using the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 3052 method (HNO3+HCl+HF) and analyzed for Cu, Zn, and As content. The leaves of the plants and the soil were also analyzed for Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, and As content by the EPA-3050 method (HNO3). The main objective was to determine the amounts of heavy metals present in the soil and organic part of the leaves and inside the structure of the silica phytoliths. The results show that the silica phytoliths comprise 3.9 % of the dry matter of leaves, and retain and store considerable amounts of heavy metals, especially Cu. In addition, we demonstrate that when the metals are estimated by the conventional acid digestion method (without HF), the amounts of metals absorbed by the plants are under-estimated because the silica phytoliths are not dissolved. Therefore, it is necessary to add the amounts of heavy metals found inside the phytoliths to the total amounts found in the organic part of the leaves. The silica phytoliths have high ability to sequester metals and make them unavailable in the environment. Our study should help in developing phytoremediation strategies using plants with high amounts of phytoliths.