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Background: Most dairy cattle breeds originate show an average generational inbreeding rate of 1%, which favors the occurrence of recessive defects associated with low reproductive performance., Aim: The objective of this study was to monitor recessive defects associated with low reproductive performance in dairy cattle., Methods: To monitor bulls carrying the Holstein Friesian haplotype (HH) 1, HH3, and HH4 haplotypes, we analyzed the records of 3,028 national and imported Holstein Friesian bulls from the 2021 updated sires' catalog published by "Evaluaciones Genéticas Lecheras"; and to determine the presence of these mentioned haplotypes, as well as Jersey haplotype (JH) 1 and complex vertebral malformation (CVM), were genotype with the GeneTitan ® 2,500 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) bovine chip, estimate their frequencies and evaluate their impact on the fertility of 100 Holstein Friesian cows and 70 Holstein Friesian-Jersey crosses belonging to an experimental dairy., Results: From a total of 1,468 (48.5%) bulls with genetic information from the sires' catalog for HH1 and 1,471 (48.6%) for HH3 and HH4, we found 90 (6.1%) carriers for HH1, 60 (4.1%) for HH3, and 6 (0.4%) for HH4, respectively. By genotyping with the chip, we calculated the herd frequency of the mutant alleles and herd prevalence of carriers for HH1 and CVM as q = 0.003 and 0.022; 0.59% and 4.3% (call rate >0.99), respectively. No mutant alleles were found for HH3, HH4, and JH1 in the analyzed population. We examined reproductive data by observing the presence of CVM and HH1 mutant alleles in repeat cows with an average of four services to achieve pregnancy., Conclusion: This study demonstrated the presence of recessive defects associated with low reproductive performance in the analyzed population, which can affect the health and productivity of dairy cattle. Therefore, cows and bulls should be closely monitored through genetic testing to lower the incidence of recessive defects in dairy cattle., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Introduction: The pancreatic anastomosis is the most demanding step after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and the pancreatic fistula (PF) is the most dreaded complication. Many techniques have been investigated to assess the best way to deal with the pancreatic stump after PD and none of these has shown to be superior in terms of statistically significant reduction of PF rate. We report the preliminary experience of a new technique of pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ)., Methods: Fifteen patients underwent PD for neoplasms with end-to-side PJ with dunking jejunal "J"-loop, between July 2011 and March 2014. The data about their post-operative outcomes were analyzed., Results: There were no intra-operative neither post-operative deaths. One patient had a grade A PF (6.7%). Total post-operative complications occurred in 6 patients (40%), major post-operative complications occurred in 3 patients (20%)., Conclusion: The new "sandwich" technique for dunking PJ after PD that we describe proved to be easy to perform and sure. It appears to be suitable for a dunking PJ when the diameter of the jejunum is too small than this of the pancreatic stump., (Copyright © 2014 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aim: Loop ileostomy is a suitable procedure for transitory faecal diversion after colorectal or coloanal anastomosis. We describe here an easy alternative technique for ileostomy construction that does not require reintervention for the closure., Method: In twenty patients undergoing anterior resection of the extraperitoneal rectum with colorectal and/or coloanal anastomosis, loop ileostomy was performed using a modified jejunotomy tube inflated with 10 ml of normal saline. The tube was deflated on the eighth post-operative day and removed on day 11 after a radiological contrast enema of the anastomosis., Results: Radiological control carried out on day 11 evidenced a premature dislocation of the jejunostomy tube in 1 patient, thus the tube was correctly removed without any complications. In another patient a delayed closure of the ileo cutaneous fistula was recorded that required simple medication over 15 days in the out patient clinic. No signs of anastomotic leakage, either clinical or radiological were evidenced., Conclusion: We have described here a safe alternative technique for loop ileostomy with negligible complications related to construction as demonstrated in our results.