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1. Selegiline reduces daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease

Author: Marco Gallazzi, Marco Mauri, Maria Laura Bianchi, Giulio Riboldazzi, Lucia Princiotta Cariddi, Federico Carimati, Valentina Rebecchi, and Maurizio Versino
Subjects: Parkinson’s disease, Selegiline, sleepiness, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Abstract Objectives Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) affects a large percentage of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and it is enhanced by dopamine agonist drugs. Currently, there is no treatment of choice for EDS in PD. Our aim was to check the clinical impression that some patients who were given selegiline, a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B, experienced an improvement in their daytime somnolence. Methods In the present study, we retrospectively identified 45 Parkinson's disease patients (21 females and 24 males) among those referred to the PD Center in Varese that (a) showed excessive daytime sleepiness, usually developed after the introduction of a dopamine agonist, (b) were given selegiline 10 mg to improve their treatment schedule independently of excessive sleepiness, and (c) in whom the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) scores were available both before and 3 months after the introduction of selegiline. Results We compared the corresponding scores (ESS, PDSS, and UPDRS III) evaluated before and 3 months after the introduction of selegiline by the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test: The differences showed a statistically significant improvement of somnolence but no change in the UPDRS III scores. Conclusion Despite some limitations, our data suggest that selegiline may be a valuable add‐on therapy in PD patients to reduce their daytime somnolence.
Published: 2021
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2. Vitamin D, Chronic Migraine, and Extracranial Pain: Is There a Link? Data From an Observational Study

Author: Valentina Rebecchi, Daniela Gallo, Lucia Princiotta Cariddi, Eliana Piantanida, Payam Tabaee Damavandi, Federico Carimati, Marco Gallazzi, Alessandro Clemenzi, Paola Banfi, Elisa Candeloro, Maria Laura Tanda, Marco Mauri, and Maurizio Versino
Subjects: chronic migraine, episodic migraine, headache, allodynia, vitamin D, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Several studies focused on the role of vitamin D (vitD) in pain chronification. This study focused on vitD level and pain chronification and extension in headache disorders. Eighty patients with primary headache underwent neurological examination, laboratory exams, including serum calcifediol 25(OH)D, and headache features assessment along with three questionnaires investigating depression, anxiety, and allodynia. The 86.8% of the population had migraine (48% episodic and 52% chronic). The 44.1% of patients had extracranial pain, and 47.6% suffered from allodynia. A vitD deficit, namely a serum 25(OH)D level
Published: 2021
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3. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and COVID-19: A series of 6 cases from Lombardy, Italy

Author: Antonio Colombo, Filippo Martinelli Boneschi, Sandro Beretta, Nereo Bresolin, Maurizio Versino, Lorenzo Lorusso, Diego Spagnoli, Giulia Nastasi, Davide Vallauri, Stefania Rota, Maria Repaci, Massimo Ferrarini, Mattia Pozzato, Lucia Princiotta Cariddi, Payam Tabaee Damavandi, Federico Carimati, Paola Banfi, Alessandro Clemenzi, Margherita Marelli, Andrea Giorgianni, Gabriele Vinacci, Marco Mauri, Paola Melzi, Maria Di Stefano, Antonio Tetto, Margherita Canesi, and Andrea Salmaggi
Subjects: COVID-19, PRES, Seizures, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Posterior reversible encephalopathy cases are increasingly being reported in patients affected by COVID-19, but the largest series so far only includes 4 patients. We present a series of 6 patients diagnosed with PRES during COVID-19 hospitalized in 5 Centers in Lombardia, Italy. 5 out of the 6 patients required intensive care assistence and seizures developed at weaning from assisted ventilation. 3 out of 6 patients underwent cerebrospinal fluid analysis which was normal in all cases, with negative PCR for Sars-CoV-2 genome search. PRES occurrence may be less rare than supposed in COVID-19 patients and a high suspicion index is warranted for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Published: 2021
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4. An Example of a Stroke Unit Reshaping in the Context of a Regional Hub and Spoke System in the COVID-19 Era

Author: Elisa Candeloro, Federico Carimati, Payam Tabaee Damavandi, Lucia Princiotta Cariddi, Paola Banfi, Alessandro Clemenzi, Marco Gallazzi, Marco Mauri, Valentina Rebecchi, Fabio Baruzzi, Andrea Giorgianni, Matteo Tozzi, Massimo Bianchi, Walter Ageno, and Maurizio Versino
Subjects: stroke unit, reshaping, hub and spoke system, COVID-19 pandemic, timing, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: During the COVID-19 outbreak, the Neurology and Stroke Unit (SU) of the hospital of Varese had to serve as a cerebrovascular hub, meaning that the referral area for the unit doubled. The number of beds in the SU was increased from 4 to 8. We took advantage of the temporary suspension of the out-patient clinic and reshaped our activity to guarantee the 24/7 availability of recombinant tissue Plasminogen Activator (rtPA) intravenous therapy (IVT) in the SU, and to ensure we were able to admit patients to the SU as soon as they completed endovascular treatment (EVT). In 42 days, 46 stroke patients were admitted to our hospital, and 34.7% of them underwent IVT and/or EVT, which means that we treated 0.38 patients per day; in the baseline period from 2016 to 2018, these same figures had been 23.5% and 0.23, respectively. The mean values of the door-to-first CT/MRI and the door-to-groin puncture, but not of the onset-to-door and the door-to-needle periods were slightly but significantly longer than those observed in the baseline period in 276 patients. On an individual basis, only one patient exceeded the door-to-groin puncture time limit computed from the baseline period by about 10 min. None of the patients had a major complication following the procedures. None of the patients was or became SARS-CoV2 positive. In conclusion, we were able to manage the new hub-and-spoke system safely and without significant delays. The reshaping of the SU was made possible by the significant reduction of out-patient activity. The consequences of this reduction are still unknown but eventually, this emergency will suggest ways to reconsider the management and the allocation of health system resources.
Published: 2020
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5. Subclinical Vascular Brain Lesions in Young Adults With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Author: Valeria De Giuli, Mario Grassi, Michele Besana, Marialuisa Zedde, Andrea Zini, Corrado Lodigiani, Simona Marcheselli, Anna Cavallini, Giuseppe Micieli, Maurizia Rasura, Maria Luisa DeLodovici, Giampaolo Tomelleri, Nicoletta Checcarelli, Alberto Chiti, Elisa Giorli, Massimo Del Sette, Lucia Tancredi, Antonella Toriello, Massimiliano Braga, Andrea Morotti, Debora Pezzini, Martina Locatelli, Valentina Mazzoleni, Sonia Bonacina, Massimo Gamba, Mauro Magoni, Rosalba Patella, Alessandra Spalloni, Anna Maria Simone, Rosario Pascarella, Sandro Beretta, Alessandro Padovani, Roberto Gasparotti, Alessandro Pezzini, Nicola Gilberti, Paola Ferrazzi, Elena Banfi, Luca Librè, Elisabetta Traverso, Erika Schirinzi, Federico Carimati, Manuel Cappellari, Giampiero Locatelli, Laura Demelas, Davide Ferrario, Alessandra Persico, Giovanni Orlandi, Manuela Napoli, Claudio Moratti, and Mario Guidotti
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Brain Ischemia, Brain ischemia, White matter, Young Adult, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Young adult, Stroke, Acute ischemic stroke, Aged, Ischemic Stroke, Subclinical infection, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, business.industry, Brain, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases, Cardiology, Brain lesions, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background: Subclinical vascular brain lesions are highly prevalent in elderly patients with stroke. Little is known about predisposing factors and their impact on long-term outcome of patients with stroke at a young age. Methods: We quantified magnetic resonance-defined subclinical vascular brain lesions, including lacunes and white matter hyperintensities, perivascular spaces and cerebral microbleeds, and assessed total small-vessel disease (SVD) score in patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke aged 18 to 45 years, and followed them up, as part of the multicentre Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults. The primary end point was a composite of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, or other arterial events. We assessed the predictive accuracy of magnetic resonance features and whether the addition of these markers improves outcome prediction over a validated clinical tool, such as the Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults score. Results: Among 591 patients (males, 53.8%; mean age, 37.5±6.4 years), 117 (19.8%) had subclinical vascular brain lesions. Family history of stroke was associated with lacunes (odds ratio, 2.24 [95% CI, 1.30–3.84]) and total SVD score (odds ratio, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.20–3.53] for score≥1), hypertension with white matter hyperintensities (odds ratio, 2.29 [95% CI, 1.22–4.32]). After a median follow-up of 36.0 months (25th–75th percentile, 38.0), lacunes and total SVD score were associated with primary end point (hazard ratio, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.17–3.90] for lacunes; hazard ratio, 2.17 [95% CI, 1.20–3.90] for total SVD score ≥1), and the secondary end point brain ischemia (hazard ratio, 2.55 [95% CI, 1.36–4.75] for lacunes; hazard ratio, 2.61 [95% CI, 1.42–4.80] for total SVD score ≥1). The predictive performances of the models, including magnetic resonance features were comparable to those of the random model. Adding individual magnetic resonance features to the Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults score did not improve model prediction. Conclusions: Subclinical vascular brain lesions affect ≈2 in 10 young adults with ischemic stroke. Although lacunes and total SVD score are associated with thrombotic recurrence, they do not improve accuracy of outcome prediction over validated clinical predictors.
Published: 2022
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6. Caring for acute coronary syndrome and other time-sensitive medical emergencies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Northern Italy: report from a hub center

Author: Luca CABRINI, Walter AGENO, Sergio BALBI, Fabio BARUZZI, Elisa CANDELORO, Carlo CAPRA, Federico CARIMATI, Battistina CASTIGLIONI, Vinicio CONTI, Roberto DE PONTI, Dario FRANCHI, Giancarlo GINI, Andrea GIORGIANNI, Marianna SARTORELLI, Giovanni LANDONI, Davide LOCATELLI, Lorenzo MAFFIOLI, Rita PRADELLA, Paolo SEVERGNINI, Matteo TOZZI, Maurizio VERSINO, Giuliano ZOCCHI, Alberto ZOLI, Cabrini, Luca, Ageno, Walter, Balbi, Sergio, Baruzzi, Fabio, Candeloro, Elisa, Capra, Carlo, Carimati, Federico, Castiglioni, Battistina, Conti, Vinicio, DE Ponti, Roberto, Franchi, Dario, Gini, Giancarlo, Giorgianni, Andrea, Sartorelli, Marianna, Landoni, Giovanni, Locatelli, Davide, Maffioli, Lorenzo, Pradella, Rita, Severgnini, Paolo, Tozzi, Matteo, Versino, Maurizio, Zocchi, Giuliano, and Zoli, Alberto
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, Humans, COVID-19, Emergencies, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Pandemics
Abstract: Background: The Lombardy region, in Northern Italy, suffered a major outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the end of February 2020. The health system was rapidly overwhelmed by the pandemic. It became evident that patients suffering from time-sensitive medical emergencies like stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, trauma and acute myocardial infarction required timely, effective and safe pathways to be treated. The problem was addressed by a regional decree that created a hub-and-spoke system for time-sensitive medical emergencies. Methods: We report the re-organizational changes adopted at a hub hospital (despite having already destined to COVID-19 patients most resources), and the number of emergent procedures for medical emergencies on the first 30-day of activity. These data were compared with the hospital activity in the same period of the previous year. Results: Organizational changes were implemented in few hours. Dedicated pathways for non-COVID-19 patients affected by a medical emergency were set up in the emergency department, in the labs and in the operating theater. Ten intensive beds were implemented from a high-dependency unit; two operating rooms were reserved 24 h/day to neurosurgical or trauma emergencies. The number of emergent procedures was not different from that of the previous year, no admission refusal, no treatment delay and no viral transmission to the treated patients were recorded. No viral transmission to health care workers was observed. Conclusions: Re-organization of a hospital in order to adopt a hub-and-spoke model resulted feasible and allowed to face acute coronary syndrome and other time-sensitive medical emergencies timely and safely.
Published: 2022
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7. Direct thrombectomy for stroke in the presence of absolute exclusion criteria for thrombolysis

Author: Paolo Invernizzi, Roberto Menozzi, Federico Carimati, Cristina Dell’Aera, Maria Ruggiero, Mauro Gentile, Bruno Bonetti, Giuseppe Ganci, Stefano Barbero, Patrizia Nencini, Rossana Tassi, Marina Mannino, Simona Sacco, Umberto Scoditti, Ilaria Casetta, Davide Castellano, Luigi Simonetti, Maria Pia Prontera, Luigi Chiumarulo, Lucio Castellan, Stefano Forlivesi, Mauro Magoni, Valentina Saia, Francesco Causin, Alfredo Petrone, Giovanni Orlandi, Nicola Limbucci, Sandra Bracco, Alfonsina Casalena, Ettore Nicolini, Elisa Francesca Maria Ciceri, Nicola Cavasin, Manuel Corato, Guido Squassina, Manuel Cappellari, Annalisa Sugo, Cinzia Finocchi, Federica Schirru, Sergio Vinci, Fabrizio Sallustio, Nunzio Paolo Nuzzi, Wiliam Auteri, Roberto Gasparotti, Valerio Da Ros, Marco Petruzzelli, Pietro Amistà, Pietro Filauri, Guido Bigliardi, Mauro Bergui, Domenico Inzitari, Giuseppe Carità, Alessandro Sgreccia, Cristiano Azzini, Andrea Naldi, Edoardo Puglielli, Giuseppe Craparo, Stefano Vallone, Nicola Burdi, Giulio Guidetti, G Lazzarotti, R. Cavallo, Samuele Cioni, Sara Biguzzi, Salvatore Mangiafico, Federica Viaro, Danilo Toni, Adriana Critelli, Giovanni Pracucci, Maria Federica Denaro, Andrea Zini, and Carlo Pellegrino
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Brain Ischemia/drug therapy, Brain Ischemia, NO, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hematoma, Fibrinolytic Agents, Outcome, Stroke, Thrombectomy, Thrombolysis, Humans, Thrombolytic Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Modified Rankin Scale, Internal medicine, Occlusion, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Neuroradiology, Intracerebral hemorrhage, business.industry, medicine.disease, Neurology, Cohort, Cardiology, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cohort study
Abstract: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT)-ineligible patients undergoing direct thrombectomy tended to have poorer functional outcome as compared with IVT-eligible patients undergoing bridging therapy. We aimed to assess radiological and functional outcomes in large vessel occlusion-related stroke patients receiving direct thrombectomy in the presence of absolute exclusion criteria for IVT vs relative exclusion criteria for IVT and vs non-exclusion criteria for IVT. A cohort study on prospectively collected data from 2282 patients enrolled in the Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke cohort for treatment with direct thrombectomy (n = 486, absolute exclusion criteria for IVT alone; n = 384, absolute in combination with relative exclusion criteria for IVT; n = 777, relative exclusion criteria for IVT alone; n = 635, non-exclusion criteria for IVT). After adjustment for unbalanced variables (model 1), ORs for 3-month death was higher in the presence of absolute exclusion criteria for IVT alone (vs relative exclusion criteria for IVT alone) (1.595, 95% CI 1.042–2.440) and in the presence of absolute exclusion criteria for IVT alone (vs non-exclusion criteria for IVT) (1.235, 95% CI 1.014–1.504). After adjustment for predefined variables (model 2: age, sex, pre-stroke mRS ≤ 1, NIHSS, occlusion in the anterior circulation, onset-to-groin time, and procedure time), ORs for 3-month death was higher in the presence of absolute exclusion criteria for IVT alone (vs relative exclusion criteria for IVT alone) (1.235, 95% CI 1.014–1.504) and in the presence of absolute exclusion criteria for IVT alone (vs non-exclusion criteria for IVT) (1.246, 95% CI 1.039–1.495). No significant difference was found between the groups as regards any type of intracerebral hemorrhage and parenchymal hematoma within 24 h, successful and complete recanalization after procedure, and modified Rankin Scale score 0–2 at 3 months. After adjustment for predefined variables of model 2, ORs for death were higher in the presence of recent administration of IV heparin (OR: 2.077), platelet count
Published: 2020
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8. Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) in a COVID-19 patient

Author: Margherita Marelli, Maurizio Versino, Gabriele Vinacci, Lucia Princiotta Cariddi, Marco Mauri, Alessandro Clemenzi, Payam Tabaee Damavandi, Paola Banfi, Andrea Giorgianni, Federico Carimati, Princiotta Cariddi, L, Tabaee Damavandi, P, Carimati, F, Banfi, P, Clemenzi, A, Marelli, M, Giorgianni, A, Vinacci, G, Mauri, M, and Versino, M
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Encephalopathy, Clinical Neurology, Endothelial dysfunction, COVID-19, Reversible encephalopathy syndrome PRES, Blood–brain barrier, Letter to the Editors, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, Stroke, business.industry, Outbreak, Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, medicine.disease, Pneumonia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Recently WHO has declared novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. Acute respiratory syndrome seems to be the most common manifestation of COVID-19. Besides pneumonia, it has been demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection affects multiple organs, including brain tissues, causing different neurological manifestations, especially acute cerebrovascular disease (ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke), impaired consciousness and skeletal muscle injury. To our knowledge, among neurological disorders associated with SARS-CoV2 infection, no Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) has been described yet. Herein, we report a case of a 64-year old woman with COVID19 infection who developed a PRES, and we suggest that it could be explained by the disruption of the blood brain barrier induced by the cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Published: 2020

9. Second asymptomatic carotid surgery trial (ACST-2): a randomised comparison of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy

Author: Alison Halliday, Richard Bulbulia, Leo H Bonati, Johanna Chester, Andrea Cradduck-Bamford, Richard Peto, Hongchao Pan, John Potter, Hans Henning Eckstein, Barbara Farrell, Marcus Flather, Averil Mansfield, Boby Mihaylova, Kazim Rahimi, David Simpson, Dafydd Thomas, Peter Sandercock, Richard Gray, Andrew Molyneux, Cliff P Shearman, Peter Rothwell, Anna Belli, Will Herrington, Parminder Judge, Peter Leopold, Marion Mafham, Michael Gough, Piergiorgio Cao, Sumaira MacDonald, Vasha Bari, Clive Berry, S Bradshaw, Wojciech Brudlo, Alison Clarke, Robin Cox, Susan Fathers, Kamran Gaba, Mo Gray, Elizabeth Hayter, Constance Holliday, Rijo Kurien, Michael Lay, Steffi le Conte, Jessica McManus, Zahra Madgwick, Dylan Morris, Andrew Munday, Sandra Pickworth, Wiktor Ostasz, Michiel Poorthuis, Sue Richards, Louisa Teixeira, Sergey Tochlin, Lynda Tully, Carol Wallis, Monique Willet, Alan Young, Renato Casana, Chiara Malloggi, Andrea Odero Jr, Vincenzo Silani, Gianfranco Parati, Giuseppe Malchiodi, Giovanni Malferrari, Francesco Strozzi, Nicola Tusini, Enrico Vecchiati, Gioacchino Coppi, Antonio Lauricella, Roberto Moratto, Roberto Silingardi, Jessica Veronesi, Andrea Zini, Emanuele Ferrero, Michelangelo Ferri, Andrea Gaggiano, Carmelo Labate, Franco Nessi, Daniele Psacharopulo, Andrea Viazzo, Giovanni Malacrida, Daniela Mazzaccaro, Giovanni Meola, Alfredo Modafferi, Giovanni Nano, Maria Teresa Occhiuto, Paolo Righini, Silvia Stegher, Stefano Chiarandini, Filippo Griselli, Sandro Lepidi, Fabio Pozzi Mucelli, Marcello Naccarato, Mario D'Oria, Barbara Ziani, Andrea Stella, Mortalla Dieng, Gianluca Faggioli, Mauro Gargiulo, Sergio Palermo, Rodolfo Pini, Giovanni Maria Puddu, Andrea Vacirca, Domenico Angiletta, Claudio Desantis, Davide Marinazzo, Giovanni Mastrangelo, Guido Regina, Raffaele Pulli, Paolo Bianchi, Lea Cireni, Elisabetta Coppi, Rocco Pizzirusso, Filippo Scalise, Giovanni Sorropago, Valerio Tolva, Valeria Caso, Enrico Cieri, Paola DeRango, Luca Farchioni, Giacomo Isernia, Massimo Lenti, Gian Battista Parlani, Guglielmo Pupo, Grazia Pula, Gioele Simonte, Fabio Verzini, Federico Carimati, Maria Luisa Delodovici, Federico Fontana, Gabriele Piffaretti, Matteo Tozzi, Efrem Civilini, Giorgio Poletto, Bernhard Reimers, Barbara Praquin, Sonia Ronchey, Laura Capoccia, Wassim Mansour, Enrico Sbarigia, Francesco Speziale, Pasqualino Sirignano, Danilo Toni, Roberto Galeotti, Vincenzo Gasbarro, Francesco Mascoli, Tiberio Rocca, Elpiniki Tsolaki, Giulia Bernardini, Ester DeMarco, Alessia Giaquinta, Francesco Patti, Massimiliano Veroux, Pierfrancesco Veroux, Carla Virgilio, Nicola Mangialardi, Matteo Orrico, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Nunzio Montelione, Francesco Spinelli, Francesco Stilo, Carlo Cernetti, Sandro Irsara, Giuseppe Maccarrone, Diego Tonello, Adriana Visonà, Beniamino Zalunardo, Emiliano Chisci, Stefano Michelagnoli, Nicola Troisi, Maela Masato, Massimo Dei Negri, Andrea Pacchioni, Salvatore Saccà, Giovanni Amatucci, Alfredo Cannizzaro, Federico Accrocca, Cesare Ambrogi, Renzo Barbazza, Giustino Marcucci, Andrea Siani, Guido Bajardi, Giovanni Savettieri, Angelo Argentieri, Riccardo Corbetta, Attilio Odero, Pietro Quaretti, Federico Z Thyrion, Alessandro Cappelli, Domenico Benevento, Gianmarco De Donato, Maria Agnese Mele, Giancarlo Palasciano, Daniela Pieragalli, Alessandro Rossi, Carlo Setacci, Francesco Setacci, Domenico Palombo, Maria Cecilia Perfumo, Edoardo Martelli, Aldo Paolucci, Santi Trimarchi, Viviana Grassi, Luigi Grimaldi, Giuliana La Rosa, Domenico Mirabella, Matteo Scialabba, Leonildo Sichel, Costantino L D'Angelo, Gian Franco Fadda, Holta Kasemi, Mario Marino, Francesco Burzotta, Francesco Alberto Codispoti, Angela Ferrante, Giovanni Tinelli, Yamume Tshomba, Claudio Vincenzoni, Deborah Amis, Dawn Anderson, Martin Catterson, Mike Clarke, Michelle Davis, Anand Dixit, Alexander Dyker, Gary Ford, Ralph Jackson, Sreevalsan Kappadath, David Lambert, Tim Lees, Stephen Louw, James McCaslin, Noala Parr, Rebecca Robson, Gerard Stansby, Lucy Wales, Vera Wealleans, Lesley Wilson, Michael Wyatt, Hardeep Baht, Ibrahim Balogun, Ilse Burger, Tracy Cosier, Linda Cowie, Gunaratnam Gunathilagan, David Hargroves, Robert Insall, Sally Jones, Hannah Rudenko, Natasha Schumacher, Jawaharlal Senaratne, George Thomas, Audrey Thomson, Tom Webb, Ellen Brown, Bernard Esisi, Ali Mehrzad, Shane MacSweeney, Norman McConachie, Alison Southam, Wayne Sunman, Ahmed Abdul-Hamiq, Jenny Bryce, Ian Chetter, Duncan Ettles, Raghuram Lakshminarayan, Kim Mitchelson, Christopher Rhymes, Graham Robinson, Paul Scott, Alison Vickers, Ray Ashleigh, Stephen Butterfield, Ed Gamble, Jonathan Ghosh, Charles N McCollum, Mark Welch, Sarah Welsh, Leszek Wolowczyk, Mary Donnelly, Stephen D'Souza, Anselm A Egun, Bindu Gregary, Thomas Joseph, Christine Kelly, Shuja Punekar, M Asad Rahi, Sonia Raj, Dare Seriki, George Thomson, James Brown, Ragunath Durairajan, Iris Grunwald, Paul Guyler, Paula Harman, Matthew Jakeways, Christopher Khuoge, Ashish Kundu, Thayalini Loganathan, Nisha Menon, Raji O Prabakaran, Devesh Sinha, Vicky Thompson, Sharon Tysoe, Dennis Briley, Chris Darby, Linda Hands, Dominic Howard, Wilhelm Kuker, Ursula Schulz, Rachel Teal, David Barer, Andrew Brown, Susan Crawford, Paul Dunlop, Ramesh Krishnamurthy, Nikhil Majmudar, Duncan Mitchell, Min P Myint, Richard O'Brien, Janice O'Connell, Naweed Sattar, Shanmugam Vetrivel, Jonathan Beard, Trevor Cleveland, Peter Gaines, John Humphreys, Alison Jenkins, Craig King, Daniel Kusuma, Ralph Lindert, Robbie Lonsdale, Raj Nair, Shah Nawaz, Faith Okhuoya, Douglas Turner, Graham Venables, Paul Dorman, Andrea Hughes, Deborah Jones, David Mendelow, Helen Rodgers, Aidas Raudoniitis, Peter Enevoldson, Hans Nahser, Imelda O'Brien, Francesco Torella, Dave Watling, Richard White, Pauline Brown, Dipankar Dutta, Lorraine Emerson, Paula Hilltout, Sachin Kulkarni, Jackie Morrison, Keith Poskitt, Fiona Slim, Sarah Smith, Amanda Tyler, Joanne Waldron, Mark Whyman, Milda Bajoriene, Lucy Baker, Amanda Colston, Bekky Eliot-Jones, Gita Gramizadeh, Catherine Lewis-Clarke, Laura McCafferty, Deborah Oliver, Debbie Palmer, Abhijeet Patil, Suzannah Pegler, Gopi Ramadurai, Aisling Roberts, Tracey Sargent, Shivaprasad Siddegowda, Ravi Singh-Ranger, Akintunde Williams, Lucy Williams, Steve Windebank, Tadas Zuromskis, Lanka Alwis, Jane Angus, Asaipillai Asokanathan, Caroline Fornolles, Diana Hardy, Sophy Hunte, Frances Justin, Duke Phiri, Marie Mitabouana-Kibou, Lakshmanan Sekaran, Sakthivel Sethuraman, Margaret L Tate, Joyce Akyea-Mensah, Stephen Ball, Angela Chrisopoulou, Elizabeth Keene, Alison Phair, Steven Rogers, John V Smyth, Colin Bicknell, Jeremy Chataway, Nicholas Cheshire, Andrew Clifton, Caroline Eley, Richard Gibbs, Mohammad Hamady, Beth Hazel, Alex James, Michael Jenkins, Nyma Khanom, Austin Lacey, Maz Mireskandari, Joanna O'Reilly, Antony Pereira, Tina Sachs, John Wolfe, Philip Davey, Gill Rogers, Gemma Smith, Gareth Tervit, Ian Nichol, Andrew Parry, Gavin Young, Simon Ashley, James Barwell, Francis Dix, Azlisham M Nor, Chris Parry, Angela Birt, Paul Davies, Jim George, Anne Graham, Leon Jonker, Nicci Kelsall, Caroline Potts, Toni Wilson, Jamie Crinnion, Larissa Cuenoud, Nikola Aleksic, Srdan Babic, Nenad Ilijevski, Đorde Radak, Dragan Sagic, Slobodan Tanaskovic, Momcilo Colic, Vladimir Cvetic, Lazar Davidovic, Dejana R Jovanovic, Igor Koncar, Perica Mutavdžic, Miloš Sladojevic, Ivan Tomic, Eike S Debus, Ulrich Grzyska, Dagmar Otto, Götz Thomalla, Jessica Barlinn, Johannes Gerber, Kathrin Haase, Christian Hartmann, Stefan Ludwig, Volker Pütz, Christian Reeps, Christine Schmidt, Norbert Weiss, Sebastian Werth, Simon Winzer, Janine Gemper, Albrecht Günther, Bianka Heiling, Elisabeth Jochmann, Panagiota Karvouniari, Carsten Klingner, Thomas Mayer, Julia Schubert, Friederike Schulze-Hartung, Jürgen Zanow, Yvonne Bausback, Franka Borger, Spiridon Botsios, Daniela Branzan, Sven Bräunlich, Henryk Hölzer, Janin Lenzer, Christopher Piorkowski, Nadine Richter, Johannes Schuster, Dierk Scheinert, Andrej Schmidt, Holger Staab, Matthias Ulrich, Martin Werner, Hermann Berger, Gábor Biró, Hans-Henning Eckstein, Michael Kallmayer, Kornelia Kreiser, Alexander Zimmermann, Bärbel Berekoven, Klaus Frerker, Vera Gordon, Giovanni Torsello, Sebastian Arnold, Cora Dienel, Martin Storck, Bernhard Biermaier, Hans Martin Gissler, Christof Klötzsch, Tomas Pfeiffer, Ralph Schneider, Leander Söhl, Michael Wennrich, Angelika Alonso, Michael Keese, Christoph Groden, Andreas Cöster, Andreas Engelhardt, Christoph-Maria Ratusinski, Bengt Berg, Martin Delle, Johan Formgren, Peter Gillgren, Lotta Jarl, Torbjörn B Kall, Peter Konrad, Niklas Nyman, Claes Skiöldebrand, Johnny Steuer, Rabbe Takolander, Jonas Malmstedt, Stefan Acosta, Katarina Björses, Kerstin Brandt, Nuno Dias, Anders Gottsäter, Jan Holst, Thorarinn Kristmundsson, Tobias Kühme, Tilo Kölbel, Bengt Lindblad, Mats Lindh, Martin Malina, Tomas Ohrlander, Tim Resch, Viola Rönnle, Björn Sonesson, Margareta Warvsten, Zbigniew Zdanowski, Erik Campbell, Per Kjellin, Hans Lindgren, Johan Nyberg, Björn Petersen, Gunnar Plate, Håkan Pärsson, Peter Qvarfordt, Pavel Ignatenko, Andrey Karpenko, Vladimir Starodubtsev, Mikhail A Chernyavsky, Maria S Golovkova, Boris B Komakha, Nikolay N Zherdev, Andrey Belyasnik, Pavel Chechulov, Dmitry Kandyba, Igor Stepanishchev, Csaba Csobay-Novák, Edit Dósa, László Entz, Balázs Nemes, Zoltán Szeberin, Pál Barzó, Mihaly Bodosi, Eniko Fákó, Béla Fülöp, Tamás Németh, Szilárd Pazdernyik, Krisztina Skoba, Erika Vörös, Eleni Chatzinikou, Athanasios Giannoukas, Christos Karathanos, Stylianos Koutsias, Georgios Kouvelos, Miltiadis Matsagkas, Styliani Ralli, Christos Rountas, Nikolaos Rousas, Konstantinos Spanos, Elias Brountzos, John D Kakisis, Andreas Lazaris, Konstantinos G Moulakakis, Leonidas Stefanis, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Spyros Vasdekis, Constantine N Antonopoulos, Ion Bellenis, Dimitrios Maras, Antonios Polydorou, Victoria Polydorou, Antonios Tavernarakis, Nikolaos Ioannou, Maria Terzoudi, Miltos Lazarides, Michalis Mantatzis, Kostas Vadikolias, Lukasz Dzieciuchowicz, Marcin Gabriel, Zbigniew Krasinski, Grzegorz Oszkinis, Fryderyk Pukacki, Maciej Slowinski, Michal-Goran Stanišic, Ryszard Staniszewski, Jolanta Tomczak, Maciej Zielinski, Piotr Myrcha, Dorota Rózanski, Stanislaw Drelichowski, Wojciech Iwanowski, Katarzyna Koncewicz, Pawel Bialek, Zbigniew Biejat, Wojciech Czepel, Anna Czlonkowska, Anatol Dowzenko, Julia Jedrzejewska, Adam Kobayashi, Jerzy Leszczynski, Andrzej Malek, Jerzy Polanski, Robert Proczka, Maciej Skorski, Mieczyslaw Szostek, Piotr Andziak, Maciej Dratwicki, Robert Gil, Miroslaw Nowicki, Jaroslaw Pniewski, Jaroslaw Rzezak, Piotr Seweryniak, Pawel Dabek, Michal Juszynski, Grzegorz Madycki, Bartosz Pacewski, Witold Raciborski, Piotr Slowinski, Walerian Staszkiewicz, Martin Bombic, Vladimír Chlouba, Jirí Fiedler, Karel Hes, Petr Koštál, Jindrich Sova, Zdenek Kríž, Mojmír Prívara, Michal Reif, Robert Staffa, Robert Vlachovský, Bohuslav Vojtíšek, Tomáš Hrbác, Martin Kuliha, Václav Procházka, Martin Roubec, David Školoudík, David Netuka, Anna Šteklácová, Vladimír Beneš III, Pavel Buchvald, Ladislav Endrych, Miroslav Šercl, Walter Campos Jr, Ivan B Casella, Nelson de Luccia, André E V Estenssoro, Calógero Presti, Pedro Puech-Leão, Celso R B Neves, Erasmo S da Silva, Cid J Sitrângulo Jr, José A T Monteiro, Gisela Tinone, Marcelo Bellini Dalio, Edwaldo E Joviliano, Octávio M Pontes Neto, Mauricio Serra Ribeiro, Patrick Cras, Jeroen M H Hendriks, Mieke Hoppenbrouwers, Patrick Lauwers, Caroline Loos, Laetitia Yperzeele, Mia Geenens, Dimitri Hemelsoet, Isabelle van Herzeele, Frank Vermassen, Parla Astarci, Frank Hammer, Valérie Lacroix, André Peeters, Robert Verhelst, Silvana Cirelli, Pol Dormal, Annelies Grimonprez, Bart Lambrecht, Philipe Lerut, Eddy Thues, Guy De Koster, Quentin Desiron, Alain Maertens de Noordhout, Danielle Malmendier, Mireille Massoz, Georges Saad, Marc Bosiers, Joren Callaert, Koen Deloose, Estrella Blanco Cañibano, Beatriz García Fresnillo, Mercedes Guerra Requena, Pilar C Morata Barrado, Miguel Muela Méndez, Antonio Yusta Izquierdo, Fernando Aparici Robles, Paula Blanes Orti, Luis García Dominguez, Rafael Martínez López, Manuel Miralles Hernández, José I Tembl Ferrairo, Ángel Chamorro, Juan Macho, Víctor Obach, Vincent Riambau, Luis San Román, Frank J Ahlhelm, Kristine Blackham, Stefan Engelter, Thomas Eugster, Henrik Gensicke, Lorenz Gürke, Philippe Lyrer, Luigi Mariani, Marina Maurer, Edin Mujagic, Mandy Müller, Marios Psychogios, Peter Stierli, Christoph Stippich, Christopher Traenka, Thomas Wolff, Benjamin Wagner, Martina M Wiegert, Sandra Clarke, Michael Diepers, Ernst Gröchenig, Philipp Gruber, Andrej Isaak, Timo Kahles, Regula Marti, Krassen Nedeltchev, Luca Remonda, Nadir Tissira, Martina Valença Falcão, Gert J de Borst, Rob H Lo, Frans L Moll, Raechel Toorop, Bart H van der Worp, Evert J Vonken, Jaap L Kappelle, Ommid 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Akyea-Mensah J., Ball S., Chrisopoulou A., Keene E., Phair A., Rogers S., Smyth J.V., Bicknell C., Chataway J., Cheshire N., Clifton A., Eley C., Gibbs R., Hamady M., Hazel B., James A., Jenkins M., Khanom N., Lacey A., Mireskandari M., O'Reilly J., Pereira A., Sachs T., Wolfe J., Davey P., Rogers G., Smith G., Tervit G., Nichol I., Parry A., Young G., Ashley S., Barwell J., Dix F., Nor A.M., Parry C., Birt A., Davies P., George J., Graham A., Jonker L., Kelsall N., Potts C., Wilson T., Crinnion J., Cuenoud L., Aleksic N., Babic S., Ilijevski N., Radak, Sagic D., Tanaskovic S., Colic M., Cvetic V., Davidovic L., Jovanovic D.R., Koncar I., Mutavdzic P., Sladojevic M., Tomic I., Debus E.S., Grzyska U., Otto D., Thomalla G., Barlinn J., Gerber J., Haase K., Hartmann C., Ludwig S., Putz V., Reeps C., Schmidt C., Weiss N., Werth S., Winzer S., Gemper J., Gunther A., Heiling B., Jochmann E., Karvouniari P., Klingner C., Mayer T., Schubert J., Schulze-Hartung F., Zanow J., Bausback Y., Borger F., Botsios S., Branzan D., Braunlich S., Holzer H., Lenzer J., Piorkowski C., Richter N., Schuster J., Scheinert D., Schmidt A., Staab H., Ulrich M., Werner M., Berger H., Biro G., Eckstein H.-H., Kallmayer M., Kreiser K., Zimmermann A., Berekoven B., Frerker K., Gordon V., Torsello G., Arnold S., Dienel C., Storck M., Biermaier B., Gissler H.M., Klotzsch C., Pfeiffer T., Schneider R., Sohl L., Wennrich M., Alonso A., Keese M., Groden C., Coster A., Engelhardt A., Ratusinski C.-M., Berg B., Delle M., Formgren J., Gillgren P., Jarl L., Kall T.B., Konrad P., Nyman N., Skioldebrand C., Steuer J., Takolander R., Malmstedt J., Acosta S., Bjorses K., Brandt K., Dias N., Gottsater A., Holst J., Kristmundsson T., Kuhme T., Kolbel T., Lindblad B., Lindh M., Malina M., Ohrlander T., Resch T., Ronnle V., Sonesson B., Warvsten M., Zdanowski Z., Campbell E., Kjellin P., Lindgren H., Nyberg J., Petersen B., Plate G., Parsson H., Qvarfordt P., Ignatenko P., Karpenko A., Starodubtsev V., Chernyavsky M.A., Golovkova M.S., Komakha B.B., Zherdev N.N., Belyasnik A., Chechulov P., Kandyba D., Stepanishchev I., Csobay-Novak C., Dosa E., Entz L., Nemes B., Szeberin Z., Barzo P., Bodosi M., Fako E., Fulop B., Nemeth T., Pazdernyik S., Skoba K., Voros E., Chatzinikou E., Giannoukas A., Karathanos C., Koutsias S., Kouvelos G., Matsagkas M., Ralli S., Rountas C., Rousas N., Spanos K., Brountzos E., Kakisis J.D., Lazaris A., Moulakakis K.G., Stefanis L., Tsivgoulis G., Vasdekis S., Antonopoulos C.N., Bellenis I., Maras D., Polydorou A., Polydorou V., Tavernarakis A., Ioannou N., Terzoudi M., Lazarides M., Mantatzis M., Vadikolias K., Dzieciuchowicz L., Gabriel M., Krasinski Z., Oszkinis G., Pukacki F., Slowinski M., Stanisic M.-G., Staniszewski R., Tomczak J., Zielinski M., Myrcha P., Rozanski D., Drelichowski S., Iwanowski W., Koncewicz K., Bialek P., Biejat Z., Czepel W., Czlonkowska A., Dowzenko A., Jedrzejewska J., Kobayashi A., Leszczynski J., Malek A., Polanski J., Proczka R., Skorski 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Gizewski E., Gruber I., Knoflach M., Kiechl S., Rantner B., Abdulamit T., Bergeron P., Padovani R., Trastour J.-C., Cardon J.-M., Le Gallou-Wittenberg A., Allaire E., Becquemin J.-P., Cochennec-Paliwoda F., Desgranges P., Hosseini H., Kobeiter H., Marzelle J., Almekhlafi M.A., Bal S., Barber P.A., Coutts S.B., Demchuk A.M., Eesa M., Gillies M., Goyal M., Hill M.D., Hudon M.E., Jambula A., Kenney C., Klein G., McClelland M., Mitha A., Menon B.K., Morrish W.F., Peters S., Ryckborst K.J., Samis G., Save S., Smith E.E., Stys P., Subramaniam S., Sutherland G.R., Watson T., Wong J.H., Zimmel L., Flis V., Matela J., Miksic K., Milotic F., Mrdja B., Stirn B., Tetickovic E., Gasparini M., Grad A., Kompara I., Milosevic Z., Palmiste V., Toomsoo T., Aidashova B., Kospanov N., Lyssenko R., Mussagaliev D., Beyar R., Hoffman A., Karram T., Kerner A., Nikolsky E., Nitecki S., Andonova S., Bachvarov C., Petrov V., Cvjetko I., Vidjak V., Haluzan D., Petrunic M., Liu B., Liu C.-W., Bartko D., Beno P., Rusnak F., Zelenak K., Ezura M., Inoue T., Kimura N., Kondo R., Matsumoto Y., Shimizu H., Endo H., Furui E., Bakke S., Krohg-Sorensen K., Nome T., Skjelland M., Tennoe B., Albuquerque e Castro J., Alves G., Bastos Goncalves F., de Aragao Morais J., Garcia A.C., Valentim H., Vasconcelos L., Belcastro F., Cura F., Zaefferer P., Abd-Allah F., Eldessoki M.H., Heshmat Kassem H., Soliman Gharieb H., Colgan M.P., Haider S.N., Harbison J., Madhavan P., Moore D., Shanik G., Kazan V., Nazzal M., Ramsey-Williams V., and Gargiulo M
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Time Factor, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid Stenosi, MEDLINE, Carotid endarterectomy, Rate ratio, Risk Assessment, Asymptomatic, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Risk Factors, carotid artery stenting (CAS), carotid endarterectomy (CEA), Stent, medicine, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, Stroke, Endarterectomy, Aged, Endarterectomy, Carotid, business.industry, carotid artery, Risk Factor, Articles, General Medicine, trial, medicine.disease, Settore MED/22 - CHIRURGIA VASCOLARE, Surgery, Stenosis, Treatment Outcome, Settore MED/11 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO CARDIOVASCOLARE, Female, Stents, Human medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Human
Abstract: Summary Background Among asymptomatic patients with severe carotid artery stenosis but no recent stroke or transient cerebral ischaemia, either carotid artery stenting (CAS) or carotid endarterectomy (CEA) can restore patency and reduce long-term stroke risks. However, from recent national registry data, each option causes about 1% procedural risk of disabling stroke or death. Comparison of their long-term protective effects requires large-scale randomised evidence. Methods ACST-2 is an international multicentre randomised trial of CAS versus CEA among asymptomatic patients with severe stenosis thought to require intervention, interpreted with all other relevant trials. Patients were eligible if they had severe unilateral or bilateral carotid artery stenosis and both doctor and patient agreed that a carotid procedure should be undertaken, but they were substantially uncertain which one to choose. Patients were randomly allocated to CAS or CEA and followed up at 1 month and then annually, for a mean 5 years. Procedural events were those within 30 days of the intervention. Intention-to-treat analyses are provided. Analyses including procedural hazards use tabular methods. Analyses and meta-analyses of non-procedural strokes use Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN21144362. Findings Between Jan 15, 2008, and Dec 31, 2020, 3625 patients in 130 centres were randomly allocated, 1811 to CAS and 1814 to CEA, with good compliance, good medical therapy and a mean 5 years of follow-up. Overall, 1% had disabling stroke or death procedurally (15 allocated to CAS and 18 to CEA) and 2% had non-disabling procedural stroke (48 allocated to CAS and 29 to CEA). Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year non-procedural stroke were 2·5% in each group for fatal or disabling stroke, and 5·3% with CAS versus 4·5% with CEA for any stroke (rate ratio [RR] 1·16, 95% CI 0·86–1·57; p=0·33). Combining RRs for any non-procedural stroke in all CAS versus CEA trials, the RR was similar in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (overall RR 1·11, 95% CI 0·91–1·32; p=0·21). Interpretation Serious complications are similarly uncommon after competent CAS and CEA, and the long-term effects of these two carotid artery procedures on fatal or disabling stroke are comparable. Funding UK Medical Research Council and Health Technology Assessment Programme.
Published: 2021

10. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and COVID-19: A series of 6 cases from Lombardy, Italy

Author: Filippo Martinelli Boneschi, Andrea Giorgianni, Sandro Beretta, Federico Carimati, Diego Spagnoli, Maurizio Versino, Stefania Rota, Payam Tabaee Damavandi, Antonio Tetto, Nereo Bresolin, Antonio Colombo, Lorenzo Lorusso, Maria Di Stefano, Paola Melzi, Massimo Ferrarini, Giulia Nastasi, Mattia Pozzato, Paola Banfi, Marco Mauri, Maria Repaci, Margherita Canesi, Gabriele Vinacci, Alessandro Clemenzi, Lucia Princiotta Cariddi, Margherita Marelli, Andrea Salmaggi, Davide Vallauri, Colombo, A, Martinelli Boneschi, F, Beretta, S, Bresolin, N, Versino, M, Lorusso, L, Spagnoli, D, Nastasi, G, Vallauri, D, Rota, S, Repaci, M, Ferrarini, M, Pozzato, M, Princiotta Cariddi, L, Tabaee Damavandi, P, Carimati, F, Banfi, P, Clemenzi, A, Marelli, M, Giorgianni, A, Vinacci, G, Mauri, M, Melzi, P, Di Stefano, M, Tetto, A, Canesi, M, and Salmaggi, A
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Encephalopathy, Assisted ventilation, lcsh:RC346-429, PRES, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seizures, Intensive care, medicine, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, COVID-19, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Genome search, business.industry, Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, medicine.disease, Seizure, Neurology, Original Article, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Posterior reversible encephalopathy cases are increasingly being reported in patients affected by COVID-19, but the largest series so far only includes 4 patients. We present a series of 6 patients diagnosed with PRES during COVID-19 hospitalized in 5 Centers in Lombardia, Italy. 5 out of the 6 patients required intensive care assistence and seizures developed at weaning from assisted ventilation. 3 out of 6 patients underwent cerebrospinal fluid analysis which was normal in all cases, with negative PCR for Sars-CoV-2 genome search. PRES occurrence may be less rare than supposed in COVID-19 patients and a high suspicion index is warranted for prompt diagnosis and treatment., Highlights • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is increasingly being reported in COVID-19 patients. • Weaning from assisted ventilation may be a critical moment in seizure development. • No evidence of viral genome in the cerebrospinal fluid in this cohort
Published: 2021

11. SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute ischemic stroke in Lombardy, Italy

Author: Matteo Cortinovis, Elisa Raimondi, Federico Pozzi, Alessandro Padovani, Laura Fusi, Federico Carimati, Sonia Bonacina, Mario Grassi, Valentina Mazzoleni, Alessandro Prelle, Anna Magherini, Simonetta Gerevini, Andrea Pilotto, Manuel Corato, Valeria De Giuli, Enrico Premi, Valentina Puglisi, Giorgio Silvestrelli, Francesco Santangelo, Alessia Giossi, Davide Sangalli, Maurizio Versino, Simone Beretta, Giuditta Giussani, Francesca Barbieri, Giampiero Grampa, Rubjona Xhani, Susanna Diamanti, Daria Valeria Roccatagliata, Alfonso Ciccone, Stefano Masciocchi, Elio Agostoni, Nicola Rifino, Massimo Gamba, Maria Sessa, Anna Cavallini, Sara La Gioia, Alberto Benussi, Bruno Censori, Martina Locatelli, Alessandro Pezzini, Andrea Salmaggi, Fernando Palluzzi, Mauro Magoni, Luisa Vinciguerra, Debora Pezzini, Simona Marcheselli, Carlo Ferrarese, Pezzini, A, Grassi, M, Silvestrelli, G, Locatelli, M, Rifino, N, Beretta, S, Gamba, M, Raimondi, E, Giussani, G, Carimati, F, Sangalli, D, Corato, M, Gerevini, S, Masciocchi, S, Cortinovis, M, La Gioia, S, Barbieri, F, Mazzoleni, V, Pezzini, D, Bonacina, S, Pilotto, A, Benussi, A, Magoni, M, Premi, E, Prelle, A, Agostoni, E, Palluzzi, F, De Giuli, V, Magherini, A, Roccatagliata, D, Vinciguerra, L, Puglisi, V, Fusi, L, Diamanti, S, Santangelo, F, Xhani, R, Pozzi, F, Grampa, G, Versino, M, Salmaggi, A, Marcheselli, S, Cavallini, A, Giossi, A, Censori, B, Ferrarese, C, Ciccone, A, Sessa, M, and Padovani, A
Subjects: Male, Percentile, medicine.medical_specialty, Logistic regression, Brain Ischemia, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Hospital Mortality, Risk factor, Stroke, Survival analysis, Ischemic Stroke, Retrospective Studies, Original Communication, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Mortality rate, COVID-19, Atrial fibrillation, medicine.disease, Italy, Neurology, Risk factors, Viral infection, Etiology, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: Objective To characterize patients with acute ischemic stroke related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and assess the classification performance of clinical and laboratory parameters in predicting in-hospital outcome of these patients. Methods In the setting of the STROKOVID study including patients with acute ischemic stroke consecutively admitted to the ten hub hospitals in Lombardy, Italy, between March 8 and April 30, 2020, we compared clinical features of patients with confirmed infection and non-infected patients by logistic regression models and survival analysis. Then, we trained and tested a random forest (RF) binary classifier for the prediction of in-hospital death among patients with COVID-19. Results Among 1013 patients, 160 (15.8%) had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Male sex (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.06–2.27) and atrial fibrillation (OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.05–2.43) were independently associated with COVID-19 status. Patients with COVID-19 had increased stroke severity at admission [median NIHSS score, 9 (25th to75th percentile, 13) vs 6 (25th to75th percentile, 9)] and increased risk of in-hospital death (38.1% deaths vs 7.2%; HR 3.30; 95% CI 2.17–5.02). The RF model based on six clinical and laboratory parameters exhibited high cross-validated classification accuracy (0.86) and precision (0.87), good recall (0.72) and F1-score (0.79) in predicting in-hospital death. Conclusions Ischemic strokes in COVID-19 patients have distinctive risk factor profile and etiology, increased clinical severity and higher in-hospital mortality rate compared to non-COVID-19 patients. A simple model based on clinical and routine laboratory parameters may be useful in identifying ischemic stroke patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who are unlikely to survive the acute phase.
Published: 2021

12. Selegiline reduces daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease

Author: Maurizio Versino, Federico Carimati, Giulio Riboldazzi, Maria Laura Ester Bianchi, Valentina Rebecchi, Lucia Princiotta Cariddi, Marco Mauri, and Marco Gallazzi
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Parkinson's disease, Parkinson’s disease, Selegiline, sleepiness, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Dopamine agonist, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Original Research, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, 05 social sciences, Parkinson Disease, medicine.disease, Dopamine Agonists, Mann–Whitney U test, Female, Monoamine oxidase B, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Somnolence, RC321-571, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objectives Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) affects a large percentage of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and it is enhanced by dopamine agonist drugs. Currently, there is no treatment of choice for EDS in PD. Our aim was to check the clinical impression that some patients who were given selegiline, a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B, experienced an improvement in their daytime somnolence. Methods In the present study, we retrospectively identified 45 Parkinson's disease patients (21 females and 24 males) among those referred to the PD Center in Varese that (a) showed excessive daytime sleepiness, usually developed after the introduction of a dopamine agonist, (b) were given selegiline 10 mg to improve their treatment schedule independently of excessive sleepiness, and (c) in whom the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) scores were available both before and 3 months after the introduction of selegiline. Results We compared the corresponding scores (ESS, PDSS, and UPDRS III) evaluated before and 3 months after the introduction of selegiline by the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test: The differences showed a statistically significant improvement of somnolence but no change in the UPDRS III scores. Conclusion Despite some limitations, our data suggest that selegiline may be a valuable add‐on therapy in PD patients to reduce their daytime somnolence., Mann–Whitney U tests for the comparison of the Parkinson's Disease Sleeping Scale (PDSS) and of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) at different time points (basal recording and after 3 months)
Published: 2021

13. Caring for acute coronary syndrome and other time-sensitive medical emergencies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Northern Italy: report from a hub centre

Author: Davide Locatelli, Alberto Zoli, Luca Cabrini, Vinicio Conti, Elisa Candeloro, Sergio Balbi, Dario Franchi, Lorenzo Maffioli, Fabio Baruzzi, Marianna Sartorelli, Rita Pradella, Walter Ageno, Giuliano Zocchi, Carlo Capra, Battistina Castiglioni, Roberto De Ponti, Paolo Severgnini, Matteo Tozzi, Giovanni Landoni, Giancarlo Gini, Maurizio Versino, Andrea Giorgianni, Federico Carimati, Cabrini, Luca, Ageno, Walter, Balbi, Sergio, Baruzzi, Fabio, Candeloro, Elisa, Capra, Carlo, Carimati, Federico, Castiglioni, Battistina, Conti, Vinicio, De Ponti, Roberto, Franchi, Dario, Gini, Giancarlo, Giorgianni, Andrea, Sartorelli, Marianna, Landoni, Giovanni, Locatelli, Davide, Maffioli, Lorenzo, Pradella, Rita, Severgnini, Paolo, Tozzi, Matteo, Versino, Maurizio, Zocchi, Giuliano, and Zoli, Alberto
Subjects: Acute coronary syndrome, business.industry, Outbreak, Emergency department, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Operating theater, Health care, Pandemic, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical emergency, Myocardial infarction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Stroke
Abstract: Background The Lombardy region, in Northern Italy, suffered a major outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the end of February 2020. The health system was rapidly overwhelmed by the pandemic. It became evident that patients suffering from timesensitive medical emergencies like stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, trauma and acute myocardial infarction required timely, effective and safe pathways to be treated. The problem was addressed by a regional decree that created a hub-and-spoke system for time-sensitive medical emergencies. Methods We report the re-organizational changes adopted at a hub hospital (despite having already destined to COVID-19 patients most resources), and the number of emergent procedures for medical emergencies on the first 30-day of activity. These data were compared with the hospital activity in the same period of the previous year. Results Organizational changes were implemented in few hours. Dedicated pathways for non-COVID-19 patients affected by a medical emergency were set up in the emergency department, in the labs and in the operating theater. Ten intensive beds were implemented from a high-dependency unit; two operating rooms were reserved 24h/day to neurosurgical or trauma emergencies. The number of emergent procedures was not different from that of the previous year, no admission refusal, no treatment delay and no viral transmission to the treated patients were recorded. No viral transmission to health care workers was observed. Conclusions Re-organization of a hospital in order to adopt a hub-and-spoke model resulted feasible and allowed to face acute coronary syndrome and other time-sensitive medical emergencies timely and safely.
Published: 2020
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14. Author response for 'Selegiline reduces daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease'

Author: Maria Laura Ester Bianchi, Valentina Rebecchi, Maurizio Versino, Federico Carimati, Marco Gallazzi, Giulio Riboldazzi, Lucia Princiotta Cariddi, and Marco Mauri
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Parkinson's disease, business.industry, Selegiline, medicine, In patient, medicine.disease, business, medicine.drug
Published: 2020
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15. PRevention of venous thromboembolism in hemorrhagic stroke patients - PREVENTIHS study: A randomized controlled trial and a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Federico Carimati, Giovanna Marotta, Alessandro Padovani, Michele Venti, Walter Ageno, Licia Denti, Tiziana Tassinari, Cecilia Becattini, Alfonso Ciccone, Maria Giulia Mosconi, Maria Luisa De Lodovici, Simona Marcheselli, Rossana Tassi, Maurizio Versino, Giuseppe Martini, Umberto Scoditti, Alessandro Pezzini, Valeria Caso, Francesco Corea, F. Guercini, Lara Fratticci, Monica Acciarresi, Maurizio Paciaroni, Andrea Alberti, Cataldo D'Amore, Giorgio Silvestrelli, and Giancarlo Agnelli
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Randomization, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Prevention, Venous thromboembolism, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, Asymptomatic, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Enoxaparin, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, business.industry, Anticoagulants, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Pulmonary embolism, Hemorrhagic Stroke, Venous thrombosis, Neurology, Meta-analysis, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background: In this randomized trial, currently utilized standard treatments were compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: Enoxaparin (0.4 mg daily for 10 days) was started after 72 h from the onset of ICH. The primary outcome was symptomatic or asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis as assessed by ultrasound at the end of study treatment. The safety of enoxaparin was also assessed. We included the results of this study in a meta-analysis of all relevant studies comparing anticoagulants with standard treatments or placebo. Results: PREVENTIHS was prematurely stopped after the randomization of 73 patients, due to the low recruitment rate. The prevalence of any VTE at 10 days was 15.8% in the enoxaparin group and 20.0% in the control group (RR 0.79 [95% CI 0.29–2.12]); 2.6% of enoxaparin and 8.6% of standard therapy patients had severe bleedings (RR 0.31 [95% CI 0.03–2.82]). When these results were meta-analyzed with the results of the selected studies (4,609 patients; 194 from randomized trials), anticoagulants were associated with a nonsignificant reduction in any VTE (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.43–1.51), in pulmonary embolism (OR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.17–1.60), and in mortality (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.64–1.12) without increase in hematoma enlargement (OR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.31–3.04). Conclusions: In patients with acute ICH, the use of anticoagulants to prevent VTE was safe but the overall level of evidence was low due to the low number of patients included in randomized clinical trials.
Published: 2020

16. Ticagrelor Added to Aspirin in Acute Nonsevere Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack of Atherosclerotic Origin

Author: Pierre Amarenco, Hans Denison, Scott R. Evans, Anders Himmelmann, Stefan James, Mikael Knutsson, Per Ladenvall, Carlos A. Molina, Yongjun Wang, S. Claiborne Johnston, Kenneth Butcher, Shuya Li, Huaguang Zheng, David Skoloudik, Lawrence Wong, Ketevana Meshkova, Nijasri C. Suwanwela, Sebastian Ameriso, Leonardo Gonzalez, Pablo Ioli, Lorena Jure, Guillermo Povedano, Guadalupe Bruera, Gustavo Herrera, Juan Jose Martin Artesi, Virginia A. Pujol Lereis, Conrado J. Estol, Maia Gomez Schneider, Santiago Pigretti, Fernando Lipovestky, María Cristina Zurru, Stephen Davis, Andrew Wong, Tissa Wijeratne, Arman Sabet, Andrew Lee, Vincent Thijs, Robin Lemmens, Laetitia Yperzeele, Geert Vanhooren, Peter Vanacker, Iris Vansteenkiste, Vicky Maqueda, André Peeters, Marie-Christine Hasenbroekx, Van Daele, Wendy Hasenbroekx, Adinda De Pauw, Regilio Oedit, Wouter De Vooght, Philippe Desfontaines, Yves Vandermeeren, Marianna D.A. Dracoulakis, Rodrigo Bazan, Octavio M. Pontes Neto, Daniel D.C. Bezerra, Luiz C. Marrone, Pedro A. Kowacs, Carla H.C. Moro, Paulo C.O. Macelino, Marco Tulio A. Pedatella, Ekaterina Titianova, Ivan Staikov, Dimitar Maslarov, Plamen Petkov, Tanya Beleva, Borislav Kralev, Nikolay Sotirov, Dimcho Hristov, Rumeliya M. Ivanova, Margarita V. Mihailova, Ashfaq M. Shuaib, Andrew Demchuk, Michel Beaudry, Anthony R. Winder, Sumiti Nayar, Xingquan Zhao, Guoqiang Wen, Xueshuang Dong, Guozhong Li, Zhaohui Zhang, Huisheng Chen, Dong Wang, Xiaohong Li, Yuncheng Wu, Xu Zhang, Baorong Zhang, Wenke Hong, Xiaogang Li, Lijuan Wang, Li Liu, Xiaolin Xu, Peifu Wang, Weihong Zheng, Jinsheng Zeng, Yukai Wang, Yan Jia, Yongqiu Li, Bo Hu, Wei Shen, Zhi Song, Zhiping Hu, Yunhai Liu, Kaifu Ke, Deqin Geng, Shigang Zhao, Runxiu Zhu, Qiumin Qu, Xiuli Zhao, Qi Wan, Yunhua Yue, Huishan Du, Meiyun Zhang, Yan Wang, Dongfang Li, Dongyu Wang, Yongqiang Li, Xufang Xie, Tingmin Yu, Qi Liu, Mingxiu Yang, Xiaoping Pan, Lijun Xu, Deen Xu, Gang Li, Anding Xu, Martin Roubec, Petr Geier, Daniel Vaclavik, Jiri Neumann, Jana Bednarova, Robert Mikulik, David Hlinovsky, Charlotte Cordonnier, Igor Sibon, Caroline Arquizan, Sonia Alamowitch, Bertrand Lapergue, Jean-Marc Olivot, Nicolas Raposo, Marie-Hélène Mahagne, Emmanuel Touze, Gilles Rodier, Stéphane Vannier, Yves Samson, Michael Obadia, Emmanuel Ellie, Benoît Guillon, Serge Timsit, Yannick Bejot, Valérie Wolff, Didier Smadja, Aude Bagan-Triquenot, Pierre Garnier, Xavier Ducrocq, Peggy Reiner, Thierry Moulin, Frédéric Philippeau, Fernando Pico, Sébastien Richard, Joachim Röther, Jörg Berrouschot, Hassan Soda, Carsten Pohlmann, Christoph Terborg, Darius G. Nabavi, Rainer Dziewas, Martin Köhrmann, Jörg Glahn, Lars Marquardt, Bernd Kallmünzer, Karin Weißenborn, Yannie Oi-Yan Soo, Richard Li, Wing Chi Fong, Siu Hung Li, Raymond Cheung, Kin Keung Yip, Joshua Wai Ming Fok, Michael Y.P. Fu, Norbert Szegedi, Krisztián Pozsegovits, Attila Valikovics, Gyula Pánczél, Csilla Rózsa, Péter Diószeghy, Attila Csányi, Levente Kerényi, Valéria Nagy, László Szapáry, Dániel Bereczki, Sándor Molnár, Gyula Timár, András G. Folyovich, Mária Sátori, Ildikó Vastagh, Praveen S. Kumar, Rajnish Kumar, Atul Prasad, Vikram Sharma, Alok Verma, Indraneel Basu, Abu Z. Ansari, Vijaya Pamidimukkala, Raghavendra B, null S, Vivek D. Junewar, Sumit Singh, Advait Prakash Kulkarni, Padma M.V. Srivastava, K. Pramod, Sanjay G. Ramteke, Jaideep Bansal, Kewal Krishan, Hrishikesh Kumar, Priyanka V. Kashyap, T.C.R. Ramakrishnan, Gopal R. Adrasetty, Amit Yeole, Rahul B. Baviskar, Giancarlo Agnelli, Danilo Toni, Stefano Ricci, Rossana Tassi, Giuseppe Micieli, Michelangelo Mancuso, Giovanni Orlandi, Alberto Chiti, Marialuisa Delodovici, Federico Carimati, Alessandro De Vito, Francesco Perini, Cinzia Finocchi, Tiziana Tassinari, Massimo Del Sette, Luisa Roveri, Andrea Zini, Guido Bigliardi, Francesca R. Pezzella, Letizia Cupini, Alessandro Adami, Giampaolo Tomelleri, Carla Zanferrari, Angel A. Arauz Góngora, Minerva López Ruíz, Angelica Ruíz Franco, José O.J. Chacon Romero, Fernando Cruz Castillo, Jose L. Ruiz-Sandoval, Jesús D. López Tapia, Edgar A. Castillo Vargas, Juan F. Gongora Rivera, Guillermo Rivera Martinez, Jorge Villarreal Careaga, Nilton Custodio, Oscar G. Pamo Reyna, Cesar A. Castañeda, Edwin J. Pretell, Nestor Najar, Julio C. Perez, Luisa Cardoza, Carlos Chavez, Maria Reyes, Anna Członkowska, Waldemar Fryze, Piotr Sobolewski, Ryszard Nowak, Dorota Szkopek, Zbigniew Bąk, Sławomir Brzozowski, Waldemar Brola, Marek Zalisz, Konrad Rejdak, Marta Bilik, Małgorzata Fudala, Andrzej Tutaj, Anetta Lasek-Bal, Jan Kochanowicz, Bartosz Karaszewski, Tomasz Berkowicz, Beata Zwiernik, Dorota Różański, Jan P. Mejnartowicz, Szymon Jurga, Jacek Rożniecki, Maciej Świat, Ovidiu A. Bajenaru, Cristina A. Panea, Mihaela A. Simu, Rodica Balasa, Dan I. Cuciureanu, Bogdan O. Popescu, Monica Sabau, Corina Roman-Filip, Liudmila Odnopozova, Oleg Artyukov, Anna Milto, Liudmila V. Stakhovskaya, Sergei Aksentiev, Svetlana E. Chuprina, Elena B. Kuznetsova, Ilya I. Sholomov, Alexander Malygin, Elena Mordvintseva, Rostislav Y. Nilk, Inna Ershova, Dina Khasanova, Leila Akhmadeeva, Aida Iakupova, Ekaterina A. Drozdova, Marine Tanashyan, Evgenij Pudov, Lybov A. Shpagina, Svetlana Berns, Liudmila G. Lenskaya, Konstantin Golikov, Andrey V. Kovalenko, Elena Vasilieva, Elena Reznik, Mikhail Zykov, Evgeniy Kovalchuk, Dmitry Popov, Andrey Belkin, Olga Androfagina, Tatyana Lokshtanova, Elena V. Melnikova, Fahmi Al-Senani, Nouf Almansour, Fawaz Alhussein, Ali Alkhathaami, Saeed Alghamdi, Miroslav Brozman, Marta Mikloskova, Georgi Krastev, Vlastimil Serdahely, Michal Kovacik, Ladislav Gurcik, Miloslav Dvorak, Egon Kurca, Andrea Cimprichova, Marian Kycina, Erika Zacharova, Richard Risnovsky, Hee-Joon Bae, Kyung Bok Lee, Yong-Jin Cho, Jong-Moo Park, Joon-Tae Kim, Jun Lee, Jae-Kwan Cha, Sung-Il Sohn, Dong-Ick Shin, Soo Joo Lee, Byung-Chul Lee, Jay Chol Choi, Moo Seok Park, Dae-Il Chang, Joung-Ho Rha, Sang Min Sung, Yangha Hwang, Jaume Roquer González, Jaime Masjuan Vallejo, Meritxell Gomis Cortina, Francisco Moniche Álvarez, Miguel Ángel Gamero García, Soledad Pérez Sánchez, Francisco Purroy García, Santiago Trillo Senín, Tomás Segura Martín, Joaquín Serena Leal, Juan Arenillas Lara, Joan Martí-Fàbregas, Aida Lago Martín, Carlos Tejero Juste, Javier Marta Moreno, Nicolás López Hernández, Lars Sjöblom, Ann Charlotte Laska, Margarita Callander, Thomas Mooe, Jan-Erik Karlsson, Mihaela Oana Romanitan, Arne Lindgren, Niaz Ahmed, Björn Cederin, Christine Kremer, Tsong-Hai Lee, Jiann-Shing Jeng, Chih-Hung Chen, Helen L. Po, Chia-Wei Liou, Huey-Juan Lin, Ruey-Tay Lin, Hsiu-Fen Lin, Li-Ming Lien, Lung Chan, Wei-Shih Huang, Wen-Yi Huang, Ta-Cheng Chen, Chin-I Chen, Po-Lin Chen, Chun-Pai Yang, Yu Sun, Aurauma Chutinet, Tasanee Tantirittisak, Sombat Muengtaweepongsa, Yongchai Nilanont, Somsak Tiamkao, Chesda Udommongkol, Witoon Jantararotai, Tabtim Chongsuvivatwong, Suwat Srisuwananukorn, Wasutha Khaykhaew, Supachai Paiboonpol, Makorn Limudomporn, Saengduan Mayotarn, Kanoksri Samintharapanya, Arkhom Arayawichanon, Thanoot Thamangraksat, Duangpol Srimanee, Galyna Chmyr, Nataliya Tomakh, Alla Cherkez, Sergii Moskovko, Vadym Nikonov, Svitlana Shkrobot, Lyudmyla Shulga, Hanna Hrebeniuk, Valentyna Yavorska, Nataliia Lytvynenko, Marta Khavunka, Iryna Kobets, Nataliia Chemer, Ivanna Tashchuk, Olha Myronova, Thang H. Nguyen, Tan V. Vo, Thanh T. Tran, Nga T.P. Nguyen, Anh D. Nguyen, Binh T. Nguyen, Thang B. Nguyen, Ngoc H. Nguyen, Quang D. Nguyen, Nhan D. Le, Dai D. Pham., UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, UCL - (MGD) Service de neurologie, Yperzeele, Laetitia, and THALES Steering Committee and Investigators
Subjects: Male, Atherosclerotic stenosis, Ticagrelor, Neurology, Neurologi, Original Contributions, population, Constriction, Pathologic, Severity of Illness Index, Recurrence, Secondary Prevention, Medicine, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems, Stroke, education.field_of_study, Aspirin, Kardiologi, Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy, Ischemic strokes, Middle Aged, stroke, Ischemic Attack, Transient, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Cardiology, ÍNDICE DE GRAVIDADE DA DOENÇA, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, aspirin, Population, atherosclerosis, death, ticagrelor, transient ischemic attack, Clinical and Population Sciences, Internal medicine, Humans, education, Aged, Ischemic Stroke, Proportional Hazards Models, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, business.industry, Atherosclerosis, medicine.disease, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Ischemic stroke, Human medicine, Neurology (clinical), business, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Background and Purpose: Among patients with a transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic strokes, those with ipsilateral atherosclerotic stenosis of cervicocranial vasculature have the highest risk of recurrent vascular events. Methods: In the double-blind THALES (The Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Ticagrelor and ASA for Prevention of Stroke and Death) trial, we randomized patients with a noncardioembolic, nonsevere ischemic stroke, or high-risk transient ischemic attack to ticagrelor (180 mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 90 mg twice daily for days 2–30) or placebo added to aspirin (300–325 mg on day 1 followed by 75–100 mg daily for days 2–30) within 24 hours of symptom onset. The present paper reports a prespecified analysis in patients with and without ipsilateral, potentially causal atherosclerotic stenosis ≥30% of cervicocranial vasculature. The primary end point was time to the occurrence of stroke or death within 30 days. Results: Of 11 016 randomized patients, 2351 (21.3%) patients had an ipsilateral atherosclerotic stenosis. After 30 days, a primary end point occurred in 92/1136 (8.1%) patients with ipsilateral stenosis randomized to ticagrelor and in 132/1215 (10.9%) randomized to placebo (hazard ratio 0.73 [95% CI, 0.56–0.96], P=0.023) resulting in a number needed to treat of 34 (95% CI, 19–171). In patients without ipsilateral stenosis, the corresponding event rate was 211/4387 (4.8%) and 230/4278 (5.4%), respectively (hazard ratio, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.74–1.08]; P=0.23, Pinteraction=0.245). Severe bleeding occurred in 4 (0.4%) and 3 (0.2%) patients with ipsilateral atherosclerotic stenosis on ticagrelor and on placebo, respectively (P=NS), and in 24 (0.5%) and 4 (0.1%), respectively, in 8665 patients without ipsilateral stenosis (hazard ratio=5.87 [95% CI, 2.04–16.9], P=0.001). Conclusions: In this exploratory analysis comparing ticagrelor added to aspirin to aspirin alone, we found no treatment by ipsilateral atherosclerosis stenosis subgroup interaction but did identify a higher absolute risk and a greater absolute risk reduction of stroke or death at 30 days in patients with ipsilateral atherosclerosis stenosis than in those without. In this easily identified population, ticagrelor added to aspirin provided a clinically meaningful benefit with a number needed to treat of 34 (95% CI, 19–171). Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03354429.
Published: 2020

17. Incidence of early poststroke seizures during reperfusion therapies in patients with acute ischemic stroke: An observational prospective study

Author: Francesco Bax, Edoardo Ferlazzo, Mauro Silvestrini, Giovanni Merlino, Vittoria Cianci, Giampiero Grampa, Francesco Brigo, Piergiorgio Lochner, Vincenzo Belcastro, Mariarosaria Valente, Giovanni Mastroianni, Simona Lattanzi, Simone Vidale, Gian Luigi Gigli, Maurizio Versino, Sara Gasparini, Paola Banfi, Federico Carimati, and Umberto Aguglia
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Symptomatic seizures, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurology, Internal medicine, medicine, Etiology, Observational study, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Neurology (clinical), Prospective cohort study, business, Stroke, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Introduction The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the occurrence of early poststroke seizures (within 7 days of stroke) in patients undergoing reperfusion therapies (intravenous rtPA [recombinant tissue plasminogen activator] and/or endovascular thrombectomy) in comparison to those not undergoing these procedures. Methods Patients aged ≥ 18 years with acute ischemic stroke admitted in five Italian centers were prospectively recruited. Clinical data, details on stroke type and etiology, stroke treatment, and radiological data were collected. The frequency of early poststroke seizures was assessed, and predictive factors for their occurrence were evaluated. Results Five hundred and sixteen patients (262 in the reperfusion therapies group) were included. Stroke severity on admission and at discharge was higher among patients undergoing reperfusion therapies. Ten patients (3.8%) undergoing reperfusion therapies and 6 (2.3%) of those not receiving these treatments experienced early poststroke seizures (p = 0.45). There were no differences in any of the baseline characteristics between patients experiencing and those not experiencing early seizures. Conclusion The incidence of early poststroke seizures was overall rare, and no significant differences emerged between patients receiving and those not receiving reperfusion therapies. This article is part of the Special Issue “Seizures and Stroke”.
Published: 2020
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18. Stenting carotidien : influence de l’expérience et des facteurs de risque vasculaire cérébral sur les résultats

Author: M. L. De Lodovici, Alan Facchinetti, Nicola Rivolta, Marco Mauri, Federico Carimati, M. Petrillo, E. P. Verrengia, Anna Maria Ierardi, Gabriele Piffaretti, Gianpaolo Carrafiello, and Dimitrios Tsetis
Abstract: Resume Objectif Evaluer le succes technique, les complications et l’influence de la courbe d’apprentissage sur les resultats de stenting de l’artere carotide (SAC) realises chez des patients ne pouvant etre traites par chirurgie. Patients et methodes Cent neuf mises en place d’un stent carotidien sous protection cerebrale ont ete effectuees chez 103 patients a haut risque. Tous les patients presentaient au moins un facteur qui pouvait accroitre le risque chirurgical lie a une endarteriectomie carotidienne (EAC) selon les criteres SAPPHIRE. Les complications neurologiques ont ete quantifiees au moyen de l’echelle d’accident vasculaire cerebral des National Institutes of Health (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ; NIHSS) et le retablissement a ete evalue au moyen de l’echelle de Rankin modifiee (mRS). Dans le but d’evaluer l’influence de l’experience de l’operateur en matiere de realisation de SAC, nous avons realise une analyse retrospective des complications periprocedurales et neurologiques des 50 premieres interventions comparativement aux 59 interventions suivantes. Resultats Le taux de succes technique a ete de 98 %. Des complications neurologiques periprocedurales ont ete decelees chez 4,5 % des patients. Les taux de complications neurologiques en milieu hospitalier et a 30 jours ont ete respectivement de 7,6 % et 2,6 %. Le taux de complications neurologiques a ete plus faible a la suite des 59 dernieres interventions realisees, en accord avec une confiance plus elevee des operateurs. Conclusion Un SAC peut etre effectue a titre d’alternative a une EAC pour le traitement de lesions carotidiennes obstructives severes chez les patients ne pouvant etre traites par chirurgie. La courbe d’apprentissage influence positivement le taux de complications.
Published: 2014
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19. Mechanical Thrombectomy of Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: Single Center Experience

Author: Andrea Giorgianni, Federico Carimati, Maria Luisa De Lodovici, Giuseppe Craparo, Fabio Baruzzi, Alberto Terrana, Irene Chiara De Bernardi, Serena Monaco, Camilla Micieli, Carlo Pellegrino, and Cristina Gallo
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Cerebral infarction, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Mortality rate, Stent, Thrombolysis, Single Center, medicine.disease, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Modified Rankin Scale, Occlusion, medicine, business, Survival rate, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Purpose: Acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is a devastating neurological condition associated with a poor clinical outcome and a high mortality rate. Mechanical thrombectomy using a retrievable stent applied shortly after symptom onset could increase a good functional outcome, improving survival rate in patients with acute BAO. First clinical trials using stent retrievers have shown promising high recanalization rates. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy. Material and Methods: Seven consecutive patients (2 female, 5 male) with a mean age of 59,4 (range 40-82) with acute BAO undergone to endovascular therapy: all patients were treated with mechanical thrombectomy using a retrievable stent (in 5 patients with Solitaire-Covidien system, in 2 patients Revive-Codman system); two of these received in addition a intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT), one was additionally treated with intra-venous thrombolysis (IVT). Successful recanalization was defined as Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) grade 2b or 3. Good outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2 at 3 months. Results: Median NIHSS score at onset was 15,8 (range 12-22).Median procedure time to maximal recanalization was 72 minutes (range 35-135).Recanalization was achieved in 100% (7/7) of patients. One symptomatic parenchymal hemorrhage occurred in a patient treated additionally with intra-arterial thrombolysis. Median NIHSS score at 7 days from treatment was 7,2 (range 0-20). At 3 months a good outcome (mRS 0–2) was observed in 71,4% (5/7); overall mortality at 3 months was 28,6% (2/7). Conclusion: Mechanical thrombectomy in BAO presents high recanalization rate, with a very low complication rate, improving good outcome and survival rates in patients with BAO.
Published: 2016
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20. Carotid artery stenting: Influence of experience and cerebrovascular risk factors on outcome

Author: M. L. De Lodovici, Federico Carimati, Gabriele Piffaretti, Dimitrios Tsetis, Mario Petrillo, Alan Facchinetti, Marco Mauri, Anna Maria Ierardi, Nicola Rivolta, E. P. Verrengia, and Gianpaolo Carrafiello
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cerebrovascular risk factors, Carotid arteries, medicine.medical_treatment, Technical success, Disease, Outcomes, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, In patient, Carotid Stenosis, cardiovascular diseases, Cerebrovascular risk, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Experience, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Stroke scale, Carotid stenting, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Surgical risk, Surgery, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Carotid Arteries, Treatment Outcome, Female, Stents, Radiology, Clinical Competence, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Aim To evaluate technical success, complications and the influence of the learning curve on outcome in carotid artery stenting (CAS) performed in patients not suitable for surgery. Patients and methods One hundred and nine procedures of protected carotid stenting in 103 high risk patients were performed. All patients presented at least one factor that potentially increased the surgical risk of carotid endoarterectomy (CEA), according to SAPPHIRE criteria. Neurologic complications were quantified by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and were evaluated by median Rankin Scale (mRS). To evaluate the influence of experience of the operator to perform CAS, we retrospectively analyzed periprocedural and neurological complications of the first 50 procedures compared with that of the following 59 interventions. Results Technical success rate was 98%. Neurological periprocedural complications were revealed in 4.5% of patients. In-hospital and 30-days neurological complications rate was 7.6 and 2.6% respectively. Periprocedural neurological complications rate was lower in the last procedures performed, according to a higher confidence of the operators. Conclusions CAS may be performed as an alternative of CEA for the treatment of severe carotid obstructive disease in patients not suitable for surgery. The learning curve positively influence complications rate.
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1. Selegiline reduces daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease

2. Vitamin D, Chronic Migraine, and Extracranial Pain: Is There a Link? Data From an Observational Study

3. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and COVID-19: A series of 6 cases from Lombardy, Italy

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10. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and COVID-19: A series of 6 cases from Lombardy, Italy

11. SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute ischemic stroke in Lombardy, Italy

12. Selegiline reduces daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease

13. Caring for acute coronary syndrome and other time-sensitive medical emergencies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Northern Italy: report from a hub centre

14. Author response for 'Selegiline reduces daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease'

15. PRevention of venous thromboembolism in hemorrhagic stroke patients - PREVENTIHS study: A randomized controlled trial and a systematic review and meta-analysis

16. Ticagrelor Added to Aspirin in Acute Nonsevere Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack of Atherosclerotic Origin

17. Incidence of early poststroke seizures during reperfusion therapies in patients with acute ischemic stroke: An observational prospective study

18. Stenting carotidien : influence de l’expérience et des facteurs de risque vasculaire cérébral sur les résultats

19. Mechanical Thrombectomy of Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: Single Center Experience

20. Carotid artery stenting: Influence of experience and cerebrovascular risk factors on outcome

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