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A microarray has been developed to address the monitoring of spliced events based on a new qualitative gene profiling technology that identifies functionally distinct mRNA variants associated with a condition. [...]

Antimicrobial peptides constitute an important component of the mammalian innate immune response. Several types of antimicrobial peptides, including the [Beta]-defensins, are produced at epithelial surfaces in response to infectious threats. Here we show that a class of small molecules, including L-isoleucine and several of its analogs, can specifically induce epithelial [Beta]-defensin expression. This induction is transcriptional in nature and involves activation of the NF-[Kappa]B/rel family of trans-activating factors. We hypothesize that these substances represent unique markers for the presence of pathogens and are recognized by innate immune pattern recognition receptors. Isoleucine or its analogs ultimately may have clinical utility as novel immunostimulants that could bolster the barrier defenses of mucosal surfaces.

Provides information on RNA splicing in human genome sequencing. Background on the RNA splicing process; Relevance of alternative RNA splicing in human pathologies; Details on an alternative microarray developed to address the monitoring of spliced events.

Examines the role of antimicrobial peptides like L-isoleucine in the induction of epithelial beta-defensin expression. Molecular mechanism underlying epithelial defensin induction; Clinical utility of isoleucine as immunostimulants that could bolster barrier defenses of mucosal surfaces.