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Aiming at the problem of stopping production for communication failure in the belt conveyor protection system, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the query bus and control bus of the protection system, and proposes a grouping communication and bus redundancy mechanism based on the causes and mechanisms of communication failures. The bus redundancy mechanism does not change any hardware and utilizes communication detours to ensure normal communication of the system, at the same time to alert the location and type of failures. By conducting communication tests on 10 devices along the single belt protection system, including multiple failures on the query bus, single failure on the control bus, and composite faults on the query/control bus, the problem of single failure stopping production was solved, and the communication robustness of the system was improved.

Aiming at the problems of limited coverage and imperfect function caused by the inflexible communication mode of the existing mine broadcast system, a design scheme of mine broadcast system integrating Ethernet, CAN bus and analog audio transmission is researched and designed, and the system architecture, hardware and software design and core technology of the system are described. The hardware of the system is composed of broadcast terminal and broadcast intercom speaker. The broadcast terminal uses Ethernet communication to realize network IP telephone and complete long-distance communication; broadcast intercom speaker through the CAN bus, combined with analog audio to achieve two-way intercom and streaming media online playback, with CAN relay function, can be unlimited cascaded, can be deployed where the optical fiber can not cover. The whole set of broadcasting system can realize full coverage of underground voice in coal mines, with the advantages of easy installation and low hardware cost, and provide strong support for daily safe production scheduling and disaster prevention and avoidance in coal mines.

Abstract A dual-arm nursing robot can gently lift patients and transfer them between a bed and a wheelchair. With its lightweight design, high load-bearing capacity, and smooth surface, the coupled-drive joint is particularly well suited for these robots. However, the coupled nature of the joint disrupts the direct linear relationship between the input and output torques, posing challenges for dynamic modeling and practical applications. This study investigated the transmission mechanism of this joint and employed the Lagrangian method to construct a dynamic model of its internal dynamics. Building on this foundation, the Newton-Euler method was used to develop a dynamic model for the entire robotic arm. A continuously differentiable friction model was incorporated to reduce the vibrations caused by speed transitions to zero. An experimental method was designed to compensate for gravity, inertia, and modeling errors to identify the parameters of the friction model. This method establishes a mapping relationship between the friction force and motor current. In addition, a Fourier series-based excitation trajectory was developed to facilitate the identification of the dynamic model parameters of the robotic arm. Trajectory tracking experiments were conducted during the experimental validation phase, demonstrating the high accuracy of the dynamic model and the parameter identification method for the robotic arm. This study presents a dynamic modeling and parameter identification method for coupled-drive joint robotic arms, thereby establishing a foundation for motion control in humanoid nursing robots.

Abstract Objective An increasing number of studies shown that inadequate energy intake causes an increase in adverse incidents in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on low-protein diets (LPD). The study aimed to investigate the relationship between energy intake and cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients on a LPD. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, a total of 4264 CKD patients were enrolled from the NHANES database between 2009 and 2018. Restricted cubic spline plots and Cox regression analysis were used to analyze the association between energy intake and cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients on a LPD. Additionally, a nomogram was constructed to estimate cardiovascular survival in CKD patients on a LPD. Results Among CKD patients on a LPD in the United States, 90.05% had an energy intake of less than 25 kcal/kg/day, compared to 36.94% in CKD patients on a non-LPD. Energy intake and cardiovascular mortality showed a linear relationship in CKD patients on a LPD, while a ‘U-shaped’ relationship was observed in CKD patients on a non-LPD. Multifactorial Cox regression models revealed that for Per-standard deviation (Per-SD) decrement in energy intake, the risk of cardiovascular mortality increased by 41% (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.77; P = 0.004) in CKD patients on a LPD. The concordance index of the nomogram was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.75, 0.83). Conclusion CKD patients, especially those on a LPD, have significantly inadequate energy intake. Lower energy intake is associated with higher cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients on a LPD.

Abstract Background Early identification of high-risk individuals with cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) is crucial for avoiding CIN and improving prognosis. In this study, we developed and validated a CIN prediction model based on general clinical data, laboratory indications, and genetic features of lung cancer patients before chemotherapy. Methods We retrospectively included 696 lung cancer patients using platinum chemotherapy regimens from June 2019 to June 2021 as the traing set to construct a predictive model using Absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, cross validation, and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) to select important variables. We prospectively selected 283 independent lung cancer patients from July 2021 to December 2022 as the test set to evaluate the model’s performance. Results The prediction model showed good discrimination and calibration, with AUCs of 0.9217 and 0.8288, sensitivity of 79.89% and 45.07%, specificity of 94.48% and 94.81%, in the training and test sets respectively. Clinical decision curve analysis suggested that the model has value for clinical use when the risk threshold ranges between 0.1 and 0.9. Precision-Recall (PR) curve shown in recall interval from 0.5 to 0.75: precision gradually declines with increasing Recall, up to 0.9. Conclusions Predictive models based on laboratory and demographic variables can serve as a beneficial complementary tool for identifying high-risk populations with CIN.

The global food crisis has intensified with climate change, and hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) is expected to play a crucial role in ensuring world food security. This study analyzed the parental origins and variety characteristics of 930 hybrid rice varieties bred in Sichuan Province, a typical low-light region and one of the main production areas for hybrid rice, from 2002 to 2022. The results indicate that these varieties were hybridized using 329 direct female and 539 direct male parents. Notably, the female parent Peiai 64 and the male parents Yuehesimiao and Fenghuazhan demonstrated a higher probability of breeding rice varieties with high yield and good quality. An ideal panicle type should possess more grains, a lower 1000-grain weight, a higher seed setting percentage, and greater grain density. It is recommended to increase the utilization of excellent parents in Sichuan Province, such as parents with ideal panicle type to improve resistance to climate change, particularly global dimming.

Abstract Detecting the water deficit status of vertical greenery plants rapidly and accurately is a significant challenge in the process of cultivating and planting greenery plants. Currently, the mainstream method involves utilizing a single target detection algorithm for this task. However, in complex real-world scenarios, the accuracy of detection is influenced by factors such as image quality and background environment. Therefore, we propose a multi-stage progressive detection method aimed at enhancing detection accuracy by gradually filtering, processing, and detecting images through a multi-stage architecture. Additionally, to reduce the additional computational load brought by multiple stages and improve overall detection efficiency, we introduce a Swin Transformer based on mobile windows and hierarchical representations for feature extraction, along with global feature modeling through a self-attention mechanism. The experimental results demonstrate that our multi-stage detection approach achieves high accuracy in vertical greenery plants detection tasks, with an average precision of 93.5%. This represents an improvement of 19.2%, 17.3%, 13.8%, and 9.2% compared to Mask R-CNN (74.3%), YOLOv7 (76.2%), DETR (79.7%), and Deformable DETR (84.3%), respectively.

A novel meta steel with negative Poisson’s ratio effect (termed as micro-NPR steel) is developed for rock support in deep underground engineering. It possesses high strength, high ductility, and high energy absorption characteristics. In this paper, static tension and modified dynamic drop hammer tests are performed on this novel material to investigate its mechanical properties first. Then based on this material, a new generation of micro-NPR anchor cable is developed and applied in field tests subjected to blasting dynamic loads. The results of laboratory tests reveal that the ultimate elongation of micro-NPR steel under dynamic impacts is more than 30% and it is over 1.5 times that of Q235; the plastic and total energy absorption of micro-NPR are both significantly higher than that of Q235. Field test indicates the fine controlling effect of micro-NPR anchor cable on surrounding rock mass under dynamic loads. Axial force confirms that micro-NPR cables can distribute and absorb the dynamic energy uniformly around the supported rock when subjected to dynamic disturbance, avoiding local failure induced by excessive stress concentration. The excavation compensation principle and energy-absorbing characteristics are used to explain the support mechanisms. Thus, micro-NPR material and anchor cable can control and prevent dynamic disasters in deep underground engineering effectively.

Abstract Control of CRISPR/Cas12a trans-cleavage is crucial for biosensor development. Here, we show that small circular DNA nanostructures which partially match guide RNA sequences only minimally activate Cas12a ribonucleoproteins. However, linearizing these structures restores activation. Building on this finding, an Autocatalytic Cas12a Circular DNA Amplification Reaction (AutoCAR) system is established which allows a single nucleic acid target to activate multiple ribonucleoproteins, and greatly increases the achievable reporter cleavage rates per target. A rate-equation-based model explains the observed near-exponential rate trends. Autocatalysis is also sustained with DNA nanostructures modified with fluorophore-quencher pairs achieving 1 aM level (

Highlights An overview of the superhydrophobic surface -assisted strategies for fabricating microspheres and supraparticles are presented. The applications of microspheres and supraparticles fabricated using SHS-assisted strategies are discussed in detail. NCrucial challenges facing the development of microspheres and supraparticles fabricated through SHS-assisted strategies are analysed.

Although significant differences in soil nitrogen levels exist under different paddy-upland rotations, the main reason for this is unclear. The nitrogen retention capacity and loss of ammonia volatilisation, leaching, etc. of paddy soil with large differences in nitrogen levels from two long-term rotations, garlic-rice and wheat-rice, were measured using the soil column simulation method. The results showed that the loss rate of leaching was only 5.4%, whereas that of ammonia volatilisation was up to 22.8%, which was the main nitrogen loss way of paddy soil under the two rotations. The average ammonia volatilisation rates under wheat-rice rotation with high and low nitrogen application rates were 12.1% and 40.2% higher than that under garlic-rice rotation, leading to a decrease in the total nitrogen loss amount and rate through ammonia volatilisation by 29.8% and 8.8%, respectively. As a result, nitrogen retention in the soil under garlic-rice rotation increased by 12.7%. In conclusion, the long-term garlic-rice rotation could significantly inhibit ammonia volatilisation, thus improving the soil nitrogen retention capacity. The straw return may increase soil organic matter content, reduce ammonia volatilisation loss, and enhance soil nitrogen retention capacity and productivity.

Abstract Unprecedented levels of seismicity have been seen in southern Sichuan, China, since the large‐scale exploitation of shale gas. Fluid and pore pressure transported through hydrological channel are thought as pivotal elements in the induction of earthquakes. Our high‐resolution tomography results reveal two inclined seismic anomalies featured by low Vs and high Vp/Vs at different depth range. The deeper anomaly extends 15 km from NE to SE and connects the well g048 from 3 km depth to the vicinity of the Ms 4.7 Gongxian earthquake 5.4 km deep, which is hinted to be a hydrological channel inferred from the high fluid overpressure of 28 Mpa calculated from focal mechanism solution. The injection operation of multiple shale gas wells along the channel may potentially accumulate the pore pressure and cause the fault near the end of the channel to reach critical stress state through various mechanisms.

Abstract Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a biosafety level-4 pathogen requiring urgent research and development efforts. The glycoproteins of CCHFV, Gn and Gc, are considered to play multiple roles in the viral life cycle by interactions with host cells; however, these interactions remain largely unclear to date. Here, we analyzed the cellular interactomes of CCHFV glycoproteins and identified 45 host proteins as high-confidence Gn/Gc interactors. These host molecules are involved in multiple cellular biological processes potentially associated with the physiological actions of the viral glycoproteins. Then, we elucidated the role of a representative cellular protein, HAX1. HAX1 interacts with Gn by its C-terminus, while its N-terminal region leads to mitochondrial localization. By the strong interaction, HAX1 sequestrates Gn to mitochondria, thus depriving Gn of its normal Golgi localization that is required for functional glycoprotein-mediated progeny virion packaging. Consistently, the inhibitory activity of HAX1 against viral packaging and hence propagation was further elucidated in the contexts of pseudotyped and authentic CCHFV infections in cellular and animal models. Together, the findings provide a systematic CCHFV Gn/Gc-cell protein-protein interaction map, but also unravel a HAX1/mitochondrion-associated host antiviral mechanism, which may facilitate further studies on CCHFV biology and therapeutic approaches.

Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoan parasites of significant health importance found in environmental waters globally. Four commercially available Cryptosporidium-specific immunomagnetic separation (IMS) kits used in various water sample matrices were analysed and compared. Beads were characterised by flow cytometry and tested for the recovery efficiencies for oocysts spiked into different matrices: river water sediment, clay sample, and filter backwash sample. Results showed that Dynabeads™ Cryptosporidium and Waterborne Crypto-Grab™ kits contained immunoglobulin IgM antibody-coated beads. In contrast, the BioPoint CryptoBead and the TCS Isolate kits contained immunoglobulin IgG antibody-coated beads. BioPoint CryptoBead was significantly coated with more antibodies and were able to capture oocysts more rapidly compared to the other beads. Recovery efficiencies of Dynabeads™, TCS Isolate® beads, and BioPoint CryptoBead ranged from 55 to 93% when tested against different sample matrices, with BioPoint CryptoBead resulting in the highest at 93% in reagent-grade water and Dynabeads™ at 55%, the lowest against clay samples. The Waterborne beads did not perform well on any samples, with recovery efficiencies ranging from 0 to 8%. Fluorescence microscopy analyses showed that both the IMS method and the sample matrix processed affect the quality of the membranes, with the cleanest samples for microscopy examination observed from BioPoint CryptoBead. HIGHLIGHTS Antibody types on magnetic beads and IMS methods differ across commercially available IMS kits.; IgG-coated BioPoint beads had 75–93% recovery efficiencies across the different sample matrices and gave the cleanest slides for microscopy.; IMS recovery efficiency is influenced by both the method used and the matrix analysed, with the purity of the slides affecting the results.;

Abstract Background Wearable sensors have become a complementary means for evaluation of body function and gait in lower limb osteoarthritis. This study aimed to review the applications of wearable sensors for gait analysis after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods Five databases, including Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Cochrane, Medline, and PubMed, were searched for articles published between January 2010 and March 2023, using predetermined search terms that focused on wearable sensors, TKA, and gait analysis as broad areas of interest. Results A total of 25 articles were identified, involving 823 TKA patients. Methodologies varied widely across the articles, with inconsistencies found in reported patient characteristics, sensor data and experimental protocols. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and gait variables showed various recovery times from 1 week postoperatively to 5 years postoperatively. Gait analysis using wearable sensors and PROMs showed differences in controlled environments, daily life, and when comparing different surgeries. Conclusion Wearable sensors offered the potential to remotely monitor the gait function post-TKA in both controlled environments and patients’ daily life, and covered more aspects than PROMs. More cohort longitudinal studies are warranted to further confirm the benefits of this remote technology in clinical practice.

Abstract Background Cisplatin is a widely used and effective chemotherapeutic agent against cancer. However, nephrotoxicity is one of the most common side effects of cisplatin, and it can proceed to acute kidney injury (AKI). Studies have reported that activation of transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) mediates cisplatin-induced renal tubular cytotoxic injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of TRPA1 in promoting cisplatin-induced AKI through modulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mitochondrial damage. Methods A cisplatin-induced HK-2 cell model in vitro and mouse model in vivo were established. The mechanism of TRPA1 promotes AKI was elucidated by H&E staining, TUNEL staining, transmission electron microscope (TEM), immunofluorescence, CCK-8 viability assays, flow cytometry, Western blotting, JC-1 assay, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result In vivo and in vitro, HC-030031 reduced cisplatin-induced Scr and BUN level elevations; improved cisplatin-induced renal tissue injury, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction; elevated the reduced ERS-associated proteins glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) levels induced by cisplatin; reduced the elevated optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), mito-fusion 1 (MFN1), and mito-fusion 2 (MFN2) protein levels, and elevated phospho-dynamin-related protein 1 (p-DRP1) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) protein levels. HC-030031 also reduced the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) structure. In addition, TRPA1 agonists also decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and triggered mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium overload in HK-2 cells via modulation of MAM. ERS inhibitors and GRP75 inhibitors reversed these changes caused by TRPA1 agonists. Conclusion Our findings suggest that TRPA1 enhances cisplatin-induced AKI via modulation of ERS and mitochondrial damage.

Abstract Natural molecular chaperones utilize spatially ordered multiple molecular forces to effectively regulate protein folding. However, synthesis of such molecules is a big challenge. The concept of “aggregate science” provides insights to construct chemical entities (aggregates) beyond molecular levels to mimic both the structure and function of natural chaperone. Inspired by this concept, herein we fabricate a novel multi‐interaction (i.e., electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction) cooperative nanochaperone (multi‐co‐nChap) to regulating protein folding. This multi‐co‐nChap is fabricated by rationally introducing electrostatic interactions to the surface (corona) and confined hydrophobic microdomains (shell) of traditional single‐hydrophobic interaction nanochaperone. We demonstrate that the corona electrostatic attraction facilitates the diffusion of clients into the hydrophobic microdomains, while the shell electrostatic interaction balances the capture and release of clients. By finely synergizing corona electrostatic attraction with shell electrostatic repulsion and hydrophobic interaction, the optimized multi‐co‐nChap effectively facilitated de novo folding of nascent polypeptides. Moreover, the synergy between corona electrostatic attraction, shell electrostatic attraction and shell hydrophobic interaction significantly enhanced the capability of multi‐co‐nChap to protect native proteins from denaturation at harsh temperatures. This work provides important insights for understanding and design of nanochaperone, which is a kind of ordered aggregate with chaperone‐like activity that beyond the level of single molecule.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a highly pathogenic tick-borne virus, prevalent in more than 30 countries worldwide. Human infection by this virus leads to severe illness, with an average case fatality of 40%. There is currently no approved vaccine or drug to treat the disease. Neutralizing antibodies are a promising approach to treat virus infectious diseases. This study generated 37 mouse-derived specific monoclonal antibodies against CCHFV Gc subunit. Neutralization assays using pseudotyped virus and authentic CCHFV identified Gc8, Gc13, and Gc35 as neutralizing antibodies. Among them, Gc13 had the highest neutralizing activity and binding affinity with CCHFV Gc. Consistently, Gc13, but not Gc8 or Gc35, showed in vivo protective efficacy (62.5% survival rate) against CCHFV infection in a lethal mouse infection model. Further characterization studies suggested that Gc8 and Gc13 may recognize a similar, linear epitope in domain II of CCHFV Gc, while Gc35 may recognize a different epitope in Gc. Cryo-electron microscopy of Gc-Fab complexes indicated that both Gc8 and Gc13 bind to the conserved fusion loop region and Gc13 had stronger interactions with sGc-trimers. This was supported by the ability of Gc13 to block CCHFV GP-mediated membrane fusion. Overall, this study provides new therapeutic strategies to treat CCHF and new insights into the interaction between antibodies with CCHFV Gc proteins.

Light deficiency is a growing abiotic stress in rice production. However, few studies focus on shading effects on grain yield and quality of rice in East China. It is also essential to investigate proper nitrogen (N) application strategies that can effectively alleviate the negative impacts of light deficiency on grain yield and quality in rice. A two-year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of shading (non-shading and shading from heading to maturity) and panicle N application (NDP, decreased panicle N rate; NMP, medium panicle N rate; NIP, increased panicle N rate) treatments on rice yield- and quality-related characteristics. Compared with non-shading, shading resulted in a 9.5–14.8% yield loss (P

The evaluation of urban underground space (UUS) suitability involves multiple indicators. Assigning weight to these indicators is crucial for accurate assessment. This paper presents a method for spatially variable weight assignment of indicators using the order relation analysis method (G1-method), the entropy weight method, an improved grey relational analysis (GRA) and a set of spatial weight adjustment coefficients. First, the subjective and objective weights of indicators for engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions were determined by the G1-method and entropy weight method, respectively, and their combined weights were then obtained using the principle of minimum discriminatory information. This study highlighted the impact of surface restrictions, such as buildings, on UUS, and the degree of the influence of these buildings gradually decreased with the increase in depth of the rock and soil mass in UUS, which resulted in changes in weights of indicators with depth. To address this issue, a coefficient was defined as the standardized value of the ratio of additional stress applied by restrictions to the self-weight stress of soil at the same depth to modify the combined weights so that all weights of indicators could vary in space. Finally, an improved GRA was used to determine the suitability level of each evaluation cell using the maximum correlation criterion. This method was applied to the 3D suitability evaluation of UUS in Sanlong Bay, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China, including 16 evaluation indexes. This study comprehensively considered the influence of multiple factors, thereby providing reference for evaluating the suitability of UUS in big cities.

The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family has a critical effect on plant development and abiotic stress. However, there have been no genome-wide studies on WOX genes within sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). In the present work, eight PavWOX genes were discovered within sweet cherry at the genome-wide level, and they were mapped to six chromosomes. Based on phylogenetic relationships, these genes were classified into three groups, with genes in one group having similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Meanwhile, the PavWOX genes possessed cis-acting elements and functions associated with hormone responses, stress responses, and development. As revealed by expression patterns, certain PavWOX genes are specifically expressed within tissues, suggesting that they may have unique functions. Additionally, the gene family expression patterns under drought stress were analyzed. PavWOX4, PavWOX5, PavWOX13A, and PavWOX13B had increased expressions upon drought stress. In addition, the transcription factor of PavWOX4 and PavWOX13A was localized in the nucleus, confirming the estimated results. Our findings lay the foundation for determining the expression patterns and functions of the PavWOX gene family within sweet cherry and shed more light on the underlying regulatory mechanisms.

Multi-view stereo plays an important role in 3D reconstruction but suffers from low reconstruction efficiency and has difficulties reconstructing areas with low or repeated textures. To address this, we propose MVP-Stereo, a novel multi-view parallel patchmatch stereo method. MVP-Stereo employs two key techniques. First, MVP-Stereo utilizes multi-view dilated ZNCC to handle low texture and repeated texture by dynamically adjusting the matching window size based on image variance and using a portion of pixels to calculate matching costs without increasing computational complexity. Second, MVP-Stereo leverages multi-scale parallel patchmatch to reconstruct the depth map for each image in a highly efficient manner, which is implemented by CUDA with random initialization, multi-scale parallel spatial propagation, random refinement, and the coarse-to-fine strategy. Experiments on the Strecha dataset, the ETH3D benchmark, and the UAV dataset demonstrate that MVP-Stereo can achieve competitive reconstruction quality compared to state-of-the-art methods with the highest reconstruction efficiency. For example, MVP-Stereo outperforms COLMAP in reconstruction quality by around 30% of reconstruction time, and achieves around 90% of the quality of ACMMP and SD-MVS in only around 20% of the time. In summary, MVP-Stereo can efficiently reconstruct high-quality point clouds and meet the requirements of several photogrammetric applications, such as emergency relief, infrastructure inspection, and environmental monitoring.

Abstract It is unclear whether membrane vitamin D receptor (mVDR) exists on the macrophage membrane or whether mVDR is associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance. Herein, we report that interfering with caveolae and caveolae-dependent lipid rafts inhibited the formation of LPS tolerance. VDR was detected as co-localized with membrane molecular markers. VDR was detected on the cell membrane and its level was higher in LPS-tolerant cells than that in only LPS treatment cells. Anti-VDR antibodies could abolish the effect of artesunate (AS) to reverse LPS tolerance, and the wild-type peptides (H397 and H305) of VDR, but not the mutant peptide (H397D and H305A), led to the loss of AS’s effect. AS decreased the mVDR level in LPS-tolerant cells. In vivo, AS significantly reduced VDR level in the lung tissue of LPS-tolerant mice. In summary, mVDR exists on the cell membrane of macrophages and is closely associated with the formation of LPS tolerance and the effects of AS. Video Abstract

In this paper, the Lagrange multiplier is presented to train the Ridge Polynomial neural network, for improving the convergence rate and avoiding the ill-conditioned problem (penalty factor must go to infinity). In the process of training this network, with this method, the constrained problem is successfully transformed into an unconstrained problem. Based on the two assumptions, we propose the necessity theorem, the linear convergence theorem and the stability theorem for the property of weights iteration. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed theorems are valid, and the effectiveness of convergence speed is confirmed.

As a special heterogeneous geological material, soil-rock mixtures are widely distributed in nature and used in civil engineering. Heat flow is one of the most significant factors affecting the development of water balance and redistribution, ground temperature evolution, and heat transport processes in cold regions. This study explores the heat flow characteristics and generalized thermal resistance model for soil-rock mixtures during freezing-thawing processes. A series of freezing-thawing experiments for soil-rock mixtures with different rock contents (i.e., 10%, 25%, and 40%) were conducted. The effects of rock content and water–ice phase transition on heat flux during the freezing-thawing processes were analyzed, and the damping properties of heat flow for soil-rock mixtures during freeze–thaw cycles were found and illustrated. Subsequently, a generalized thermal resistance model for soil-rock mixtures was proposed and discussed. The results show that the freezing-thawing processes and rock content significantly influence the heat flux and soil temperature of the soil-rock mixtures. Regardless of rock content, the sums of heat flux in freezing and thawing stages all firstly decreased, and then gradually tends to be stable with freeze–thaw cycles. Besides, the reduction of volumetric unfrozen water content increases with the freeze–thaw cycles, and the amplitude of unfrozen water reduction for sample with high rock content is larger than that with low rock content. Additionally, owing to the effect of the latent heat released by water/ice phase transition and thermal sensitive property of rock, the variation of heat flow for soil-rock mixtures presents damping property in the stages without completely freezing, and the variation of heat flow exhibits reversed damping property in the post-freezing stages due to the denser structure and ice crystal growth. Furthermore, based on the thermal resistance in series, characteristics of water–ice phase transition, and thermal sensitive property of rocks, a new generalized thermal resistance model of soil-rock mixtures during freezing-thawing processes is proposed.

The mesocotyl facilities the emergence of deep-sown rice. However, the effects of mesocotyl elongation on mechanically transplanted rice seedlings remain unclear. In this study, the indica three-line hybrid rice Chuanyou 6709 (CY6709) and the indica conventional rice Guichao II (GCII) were selected as experimental materials. The seedlings were grouped based on mesocotyl lengths of 1.0 and 2.0 cm (M1 and M2, respectively), and seedlings without mesocotyl elongation were used as a control (M0). Seedling morphology, root morphology and physiology, and dynamic changes in soluble sugar and protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzyme activity in the mesocotyl were evaluated. The results showed that the elongation of mesocotyl is not conducive to improving the quality of mechanically transplanted seedlings, resulting in weak seedlings and poor root coiling force. The mesocotyl lengths of the seedlings showed a single peak with increasing seedling age, which gradually disappeared. The longer the mesocotyls, the slower their senescence. The MDA content of M2 was significantly lower than that of M1, and the activities of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and antioxidant enzymes of M2 were higher than those of M1, implying that seedlings with longer mesocotyls yielded lower-quality seedlings, reducing their suitability for mechanized transplantation. Compared with those of M0, the root-shoot ratio, stem base width, leaf age, leaf area, white root number, root coiling force, root length, root surface area, and root volume of M1 and M2 were reduced. Therefore, in the raising of rice seedlings, excessive elongation of the rice mesocotyl is not conducive to optimum root growth and development of aboveground structures for seedlings that are suitable for mechanized transplantation. Controlling the mesocotyl elongation can facilitate the cultivation of high-quality mechanically transplanted seedlings.

Trauma can damage the structural integrity of skin leading to its function being affected. There is an urgent clinical need for innovative therapeutic wound dressings. However, several challenges persist despite the current demands. The development and application of functional dressings offer a novel approach to address skin and subcutaneous soft tissue defects. Amniotic membrane as an ideal biological multifunctional material covering wound surface has been reported in clinic. However, current clinical applications of amniotic membrane still have limitations, such as thinness and mechanically weak. In this paper, we employed decellularized human amniotic membrane (dHAM) as a bioactive extracellular matrix (ECM) and modified it through methacrylate (MA) grafting for engineering purposes, resulting in the photosensitive dECMMA. Subsequently, we utilized a photosensitizer to achieve photopolymerization of dECMMA with GelMA hydrogel, successfully creating a novel composite hydrogel termed dECMMA/GelMA. This composite hydrogel not only inherits the favorable physicochemical properties of hydrogels but also maintains comparable levels of bioactivity to dHAM itself, supporting cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and retaining significant anti-inflammatory capacity.Additionally, we evaluated the reparative effect of the designed dECMMA/GelMA composite hydrogel on rabbit wound defects. We demonstrated that the dECMMA/GelMA promoted wound healing and re-epithelization. These findings highlight the substantial benefits and therapeutic potential of the dECMMA/GelMA composite hydrogel as a practical solution for clinical applications in the treatment of soft tissue damage. Furthermore, this research provides a new strategy for designing and manufacturing bioactive dressings with exceptional clinical efficacy in the future.

Summary: Septic acute kidney injury (S-AKI), the most common type of acute kidney injury (AKI), is intimately related to pyroptosis and oxidative stress in its pathogenesis. Carboxy-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP), a U-box E3 ligase, modulates oxidative stress by degrading its targeted proteins. The role of CHIP in S-AKI and its relevance with pyroptosis have not been investigated. In this study, we showed that CHIP was downregulated in renal proximal tubular cells in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced S-AKI. Besides, the extent of redox injuries in S-AKI was attenuated by CHIP overexpression or activation but accentuated by CHIP gene disruption. Mechanistically, our work demonstrated that CHIP interacted with and ubiquitinated NLRP3 to promote its proteasomal degradation, leading to the inhibition of NLRP3/ACS inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. In summary, this study revealed that CHIP ubiquitinated NLRP3 to alleviate pyroptosis in septic renal injuries, suggesting that CHIP might be a potential therapeutic target for S-AKI.

Cisplatin is one of the major causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in clinical practice, and ferroptosis is an essential form of cell death in cisplatin-induced AKI (CP-AKI). WW domain binding protein-2 (WBP2), a molecular chaperon, is involved in the progression of various malignancies, but its role in renal injuries has not been investigated. Our present study employed bioinformatics analysis to identify WBP2 as a potential modulator of AKI and ferroptosis. Preliminary laboratory investigations showed that WBP2, highly expressed in renal proximal tubular cells, was downregulated in CP-AKI. Further studies demonstrated that WBP2 decelerated ferroptosis to alleviate CP-AKI. Mechanistically, WBP2 interacted with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4, a key detoxicating enzyme for ferroptosis) via its PPXY1 motif to inhibit ferroptosis. Furthermore, the in-depth investigations revealed that WBP2 competed with heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) for the binding with the KEFRQ-like motifs of GPX4, leading to the deceleration of chaperon-mediated autophagy of GPX4. All in all, this study indicated the beneficial effect of WBP2 in CP-AKI and its relevance with ferroptosis, thus providing a novel insight into the modulation of ferroptosis in cisplatin-related nephropathy.

Urban development continues to reduce the amount of available ground space. The development of underground space is thus gathering increasing attention to alleviate ground congestion. However, there is currently a lack of a three-dimensional (3D) evaluation method to systematically evaluate the geological conditions of underground space and possible geological disaster risks caused by rock and soil masses. This paper presents an engineering geological suitability assessment framework based on 3D geological modeling and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-cloud model. As the basis for 3D evaluation, a 3D structural model of the study area is established based on the drilling data and geological profiles. Then the structural model is partitioned to obtain interpolation grids, and the ordinary Kriging interpolation method is applied to attribute interpolation. All the attributes are exported from the geological model, and the rock and soil masses are divided into four categories according to their engineering properties, namely soft soil, sandy soil, cohesive soil, and rock, upon which a targeted hierarchy structure is established based on the attributes that impact the suitability. This paper introduces the cloud model to characterize the uncertainty of these evaluation indexes, which synthesizes an AHP method, thus it is referred to as the AHP-cloud model. This new model is used to evaluate the geological suitability of underground space in the Sanlong Bay district, Foshan City, Guangdong, China. In addition, we also determine the excavation difficulty at different depths according to the lithology and weathering degree of the study area. The limitations and future directions of the proposed method are discussed, including the influencing factors and weight determination.

Current speaker recognition systems are mainly for the combined application of network architectures and attention mechanisms, however, lightweight networks are not able to extract frame-level features of speaker speech well, and deeper and wider networks also face the problems of slower inference and excessive number of parameters. To this end, we proposes Split-ResNet, a network structure for split residuals, which can obtain a combination of multiple receptive field at a finer-grained level, thus obtaining a variety of feature representations with different scale combinations and producing more informative and comprehensive multi-scale features. In addition we propose a dual time-frequency attention (DTFA) that enhances key features and suppresses unimportant features by focusing on features in the time and frequency domains and learning weights from the time and frequency channels, respectively. We finally tested the speaker recognition system using a combination of Split-ResNet and DTFA against other speaker recognition systems on the Voxceleb1-O test set. The test results show that the speaker recognition system proposed in this paper is 0.98%, 0.39%, 0.69% and 0.47% lower in EER compared with SpeechNAS, RawNet2, Y-vector and CNN+Transformer, respectively, proving that DTFA+Split-ResNet is a speaker recognition system with good speaker audio feature extraction capability and discriminative capability.

The current target detection network in deep learning has been widely used in plant growth state detection. However, with the development of deep learning, within the field of plant growth state detection, the performance of the detection network is no longer the primary factor limiting the detection accuracy and model generalization ability. The construction of high-quality and large-scale plant datasets is more significant for the improvement of model detection accuracy and generalization ability. However, traditional methods for building deep learning datasets for plants have a large time span and low efficiency. And it is difficult to construct and expand the dataset for plants with complex growth environments and difficult image acquisition by existing methods. To address this problem, this paper proposes a method for constructing plant datasets based on augmented reality techniques. The method proposed in this paper allows for the rapid and efficient construction of large-scale field datasets that match the actual inspection environment in the lack of data. Meanwhile, this paper proposes an automatic annotation method for datasets in conjunction with the imaging environment in virtual space. In this paper, we experimentally compare the proposed method with the method of expanding the dataset using GAN networks. Using the virtual dataset constructed by the method proposed in this paper as the training set, the trained YOLOv5 model achieves an average accuracy (@0.5:0.95) of 0.71 for the three detection categories on the test set. The detection accuracy of the six mixed datasets constructed using the two data expansion methods on the test set was experimentally tested. The proposed method in this paper improved the accuracy by 2.2%, 3.1%, and 7.0%, respectively. The smaller the percentage of real images, the greater the accuracy improvement. Experiments show that the method proposed in this paper can well solve the problems faced in the field of plant growth state detection, such as the lack of data, and provides a new idea for the production and expansion of datasets in plant detection tasks.

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) commonly occurs among adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), causing adverse effects on the physical and mental health of the patients. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanism of NSSI in adolescents with MDD (nsMDDs) remains unclear, and there are still challenges in the treatment. Studies have suggested that sertraline administration could be an effective way for treatment.MethodsTo verify the effectiveness and to explore the neurobiological processes, we treated a group of adolescents with nsMDDs with sertraline in this study. The brain spontaneous activity alteration was then investigated in fifteen unmedicated first-episode adolescent nsMDDs versus twenty-two healthy controls through the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Besides the baseline scanning for all participants, the nsMDDs group was scanned again after eight weeks of sertraline therapy to examine the changes after treatment.ResultsAt pre-treatment, whole brain analysis of mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (mALFF) was performed to examine the neuronal spontaneous activity alteration, and increased mALFF was found in the superior occipital extending to lingual gyrus in adolescent nsMDDs compared with controls. Meanwhile, decreased mALFF was found in the medial superior frontal in adolescent nsMDDs compared with controls. Compared with the pre-treatment, the nsMDDs group was found to have a trend of, respectively, decreased and increased functional neuronal activity at the two brain areas after treatment through the region of interest analysis. Further, whole brain comparison of mALFF at pre-treatment and post-treatment showed significantly decreased spontaneous activity in the orbital middle frontal and lingual gyrus in adolescent nsMDDs after treatment. Also, depression severity was significantly decreased after treatment.ConclusionThe abnormal functional neuronal activity found at frontal and occipital cortex implied cognitive and affective disturbances in adolescent nsMDDs. The trend of upregulation of frontal neuronal activity and downregulation of occipital neuronal activity after sertraline treatment indicated that the therapy could be effective in regulating the abnormality. Notably, the significantly decreased neuronal activity in the decision related orbital middle frontal and anxiety-depression related lingual gyrus could be suggestive of reduced NSSI in adolescent MDD after therapy.

With the discovery of the collateral cleavage activity, CRISPR/Cas12a has recently been identified as a key enabling approach in novel DNA biosensor development. Despite its remarkable success in nucleic acid detection, realizing a universal CRISPR/Cas biosensing system for non-nucleic acid targets remains challenging, particularly at extremely high sensitivity ranges for analyte concentrations lower than the pM level. DNA aptamers can be designed to bind to a range of specific target molecules, such as proteins, small molecules, and cells, with high affinity and specificity through configuration changes. Here, by harnessing its diverse analyte-binding ability and also redirecting the specific DNA-cutting activity of Cas12a to selected aptamers, a simple, sensitive, and universal biosensing platform has been established, termed CRISPR/Cas and aptamer-mediated extra-sensitive assay (CAMERA). With simple modifications to the aptamer and guiding RNA of Cas12a RNP, CAMERA demonstrated 100 fM sensitivity for targeting small proteins, such as IFN-γ and insulin, with less than 1.5-h detection time. Compared with the gold-standard ELISA, CAMERA achieved higher sensitivity and a shorter detection time while retaining ELISA’s simple setup. By replacing the antibody with an aptamer, CAMERA also achieved improved thermal stability, allowing to eliminate the requirement for cold storage. CAMERA shows potential to be used as a replacement for conventional ELISA for a variety of diagnostics but with no significant changes for the experimental setup.

ABSTRACTHeartland virus (HRTV), an emerging tick-borne pathogenic bunyavirus, has been a concern since 2012, with an increasing incidence, expanding geographical distribution, and high pathogenicity in the United States. Infection from HRTV results in fever, thrombocytopenia, and leucopenia in humans, and in some cases, symptoms can progress to severe outcomes, including haemorrhagic disease, multi-organ failure, and even death. Currently, no vaccines or antiviral drugs are available for treatment of the HRTV disease. Moreover, little is known about HRTV-host interactions, viral replication mechanisms, pathogenesis and virulence, further hampering the development of vaccines and antiviral interventions. Here, we aimed to provide a brief review of HRTV epidemiology, molecular biology, pathogenesis and virulence on the basis of published article data to better understand this virus and provide clues for further study.

Poxins or P26 have been identified as inhibitors of cGAS-STING mediated innate immunity. Here, the authors describe an independently evolved antiviral function of P26 in suppressing melanization, an insect immune response.

Abstract Background The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome disease (SFTS), caused by the novel tick-borne SFTS virus (SFTSV), was listed among the top 10 priority infectious disease by World Health Organization due to the high fatality rate of 5–30% and the lack of effective antiviral drugs and vaccines and therefore raised the urgent need to develop effective anti-SFTSV drugs to improve disease treatment. Methods The antiviral drugs to inhibit SFTSV infection were identified by screening the library containing 1340 FDA-approved drugs using the SFTSV infection assays in vitro. The inhibitory effect on virus entry and the process of clathrin-mediated endocytosis under different drug doses was evaluated based on infection assays by qRT-PCR to determine intracellular viral copies, by Western blot to characterize viral protein expression in cells, and by immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) to determine virus infection efficiencies. The therapeutic effect was investigated in type I interferon receptor defective A129 mice in vivo with SFTSV infection, from which lesions and infection in tissues caused by SFTSV infection were assessed by H&E staining and immunohistochemical analysis. Results Six drugs were identified as exerting inhibitory effects against SFTSV infection, of which anidulafungin, an antifungal drug of the echinocandin family, has a strong inhibitory effect on SFTSV entry. It suppresses SFTSV internalization by impairing the late endosome maturation and decreasing virus fusion with the membrane. SFTSV-infected A129 mice had relieving symptoms, reduced tissue lesions, and improved disease outcomes following anidulafungin treatment. Moreover, anidulafungin exerts an antiviral effect in inhibiting the entry of other viruses including SARS-CoV-2, SFTSV-related Guertu virus and Heartland virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Zika virus, and Herpes simplex virus 1. Conclusions The results demonstrated that the antifungal drug, anidulafungin, could effectively inhibit virus infection by interfering with virus entry, suggesting it may be utilized for the clinical treatment of infectious viral diseases, in addition to its FDA-approved use as an antifungal. The findings also suggested to further evaluate the anti-viral effects of echinocandins and their clinical importance for patients with infection of viruses, which may promote therapeutic strategies as well as treatments and improve outcomes pertaining to various viral and fungal diseases.

Fault gouges result from the sliding of brittle faults and can be used to determine the deformational characteristics, formation ages and weakening mechanisms of earthquake faults, which are of great significance for structural geology and earthquake geology. Therefore, the comprehensive understanding of the research findings and its advances in fault gouges will contribute to palaeoseismic investigations. On the basis of collected and absorbed data, we introduced comprehensive advances in the components of fault gouges, surface textures of quartz grains from fault gouges, dating methods of fault gouges and weakening mechanisms of earthquake faults. The fault gouge is mainly composed of clay minerals and powder and debris of wall rocks. The clay minerals mainly consist of montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite and chlorite. The powder and debris of wall rocks are mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, mica, calcite and dolomite. Quartz, illite and calcite selected from fault gouges could be used to distinguish the polysstages of faulting and date its formation ages. Geochronological methods include surface texture analysis of quartz grains, electron spin resonance (ESR) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)dating of quartz, K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar dating of illite, and U-Pb dating of calcite. The weakening mechanisms of earthquake faults consist of the powder of minerals, the formation of new minerals and fabric development in fault gouges, and frictional heating, frictional melting and thermal pressurization after fault initialization.

High-efficiency fertilizers suitable for mechanical spraying can improve the fertilizer application and utilization efficiency. In this study, two types of granular compound fertilizers suitable for unmanned air vehicle spraying were developed using urea, potassium chloride, humic acid, and an amino acid synergist according to the fertilization requirements of rice at the booting stage. The physical and chemical properties of the compound fertilizers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The release kinetics of the fertilizer was studied via a soil column leaching experiment. The effect of fertilizer particles on unmanned air vehicle spraying uniformity was studied via an orthogonal simulation experiment. Results showed that the chemical interaction between compound-fertilizer raw materials formed complexes such as C-NH-C and -CO-NH-, which caused a change in fertilizer particle morphology. This led to chemical monolayer adsorption or internal fertilizer diffusion, which in turn delayed the fertilizer release by 5−10 d. A simulation bench test showed that the fertilizer particle hardness and roundness exceeded 20 N and 85%, respectively, while the particle size was in the range of 2.07−5.13 mm, which resulted in good unmanned air vehicle spraying uniformity with a lateral variation coefficient of less than 15%. Finally, the experimental field results demonstrated that the new compound fertilizers, when sprayed by an unmanned air vehicle, could improve the economic benefit by 916−2742 CNY ha−1 without reducing the nitrogen utilization rate and rice yield. The new compound fertilizers exhibit delayed release, good spraying uniformity, and improved economic benefit, rendering them suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

Objective: Serotonin (5HT) is a well-known anorexigenic molecule, and 5HT neurons of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) have been implicated in suppression of feeding; however, the downstream circuitry is poorly understood. Here we explored major projections of DRN5HT neurons for their capacity to modulate feeding. Methods: We used optogenetics to selectively activate DRN5HT axonal projections in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic areas and monitored food intake. We next used fiber photometry to image the activity dynamics of DRN5HT axons and 5HT levels in projection areas in response feeding and metabolic hormones. Finally, we used electrophysiology to determine how DRN5HT axons affect downstream neuron activity. Results: We found that selective activation of DRN5HT axons in (DRN5HT → LH) and (DRN5HT → BNST) suppresses feeding whereas activating medial hypothalamic projections has no effect. Using in vivo imaging, we found that food access and satiety hormones activate DRN5HT projections to LH where they also rapidly increase extracellular 5HT levels. Optogenetic mapping revealed that DRN5HT → LHvGAT and DRN5HT → LHvGlut2 connections are primarily inhibitory and excitatory respectively. Further, in addition to its direct action on LH neurons, we found that 5HT suppresses GABA release from presynaptic terminals arriving from AgRP neurons. Conclusions: These findings define functionally redundant forebrain circuits through which DRN5HT neurons suppress feeding and reveal that these projections can be modulated by metabolic hormones.

Human herpes simplex virus (HSV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family and alpha herpesvirus subfamily, is one of the most epidemic pathogens in the population. Cell-to-cell spread is a special intercellular transmission mechanism of HSV that indicates the virulence of this virus. Through numerous studies on mutant HSV strains, many viral and host proteins involved in this process have been identified; however, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the effect of the membrane protein genes US7 and UL56 on cell-to-cell spread in vitro between two HSV-1 (HB94 and HN19) strains using a plaque assay, syncytium formation assay, and the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. US7 knockout resulted in the inhibition of viral cell-to-cell spread; additionally, glycoprotein I (US7) of the HB94 strain was found to promote cell-to-cell spread compared to that of the HN19 strain. UL56 knockout did not affect plaque size and syncytium formation; however, the gene product of UL56 from the HN19 strain inhibited plaque formation and membrane infusion. This study presents preliminary evidence of the functions of US7 and UL56 in the cell-to-cell spread of HSV-1, which will provide important clues to reveal the mechanisms of cell-to-cell spread, and contributes to the clinical drugs development.

Aiming to solve the problem that spatially distributed similar instances cannot be distinguished in 3D point cloud instance segmentation, a 3D point cloud instance segmentation network, considering the global shape contour, was proposed. This research used the global-to-local design idea and added the global shape constraint to solve this problem. A Transformer module (Global Shape Attention, GSA) that can capture the shape contour information of the instance in the scene was designed. This module encoded the shape contour information into the Transformer structure as a Key-Value and extracted the instance fused with the global shape contour features, for instance, segmentation. At the same time, the network directly predicted the instance mask in an end-to-end mode, avoiding heavy post-processing algorithms. Many experiments have been conducted on the S3DIS, ScanNet, and STPL3D datasets, and our experimental results showed that our proposed network can efficiently capture the shape contour information of scene instances and can help to alleviate the problem of the difficulty distinguishing between spatially distributed similar instances in a scene, improving the efficiency and stability of instance segmentation.

Introduction: The objective was to evaluate the poisoning severity score (PSS) as an early prognostic predictor in patients with wasp stings and identify associated clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality. Methods: A total of 363 patients with wasp stings at Suining Central Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018 were enrolled. Within the first 24 h of admission, the poisoning severity score (PSS) and the Chinese expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment of wasp stings (CECC) were utilized for severity classification, and their correlation was examined. Patients were then divided into survival and death groups based on discharge status. Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze factors influencing patients’ outcomes. Results: The mortality of wasp sting patients was 3.9%. The PSS and CECC were found to correlate for severity classification. Additionally, female gender, age, number of stings, and PSS were identified as independent risk factors for mortality in wasp sting patients. Combining these four factors yielded an AUC of 0.962 for predicting death. Conclusions: PSS aids in early severity classification of wasp stings. Female gender, age, number of stings, and PSS were independent mortality risk factors in these patients.

Tea is the most popular drink worldwide, and China is the largest producer of tea. Therefore, tea is an important commercial crop in China, playing a significant role in domestic and foreign markets. It is necessary to make accurate and timely maps of the distribution of tea plantation areas for plantation management and decision making. In the present study, we propose a novel mapping method to map tea plantation. The town of Menghai in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, was chosen as the study area, andgg GF-1 remotely sensed data from 2014-2017 were chosen as the data source. Image texture, spectral and geometrical features were integrated, while feature space was built by SEparability and THresholds algorithms (SEaTH) with decorrelation. Object-Oriented Image Analysis (OOIA) with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm was utilized to map tea plantation areas. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient ofh the proposed method were 93.14% and 0.81, respectively, 3.61% and 0.05, 6.99% and 0.14, 6.44% and 0.16 better than the results of CART method, Maximum likelihood method and CNN based method. The tea plantation area increased by 4,095.36 acre from 2014 to 2017, while the fastest-growing period is 2015 to 2016.

Summary: The central serotonergic system has multiple roles in animal physiology and behavior, including sleep-wake control. However, its function in controlling brain energy metabolism according to the state of animals remains undetermined. Through in vivo monitoring of energy metabolites and signaling, we demonstrated that optogenetic activation of raphe serotonergic neurons increased cortical neuronal intracellular concentration of ATP, an indispensable cellular energy molecule, which was suppressed by inhibiting neuronal uptake of lactate derived from astrocytes. Raphe serotonergic neuronal activation induced cortical astrocytic Ca2+ and cAMP surges and increased extracellular lactate concentrations, suggesting the facilitation of lactate release from astrocytes. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of raphe serotonergic neurons partly attenuated the increase in cortical neuronal intracellular ATP levels as arousal increased in mice. Serotonergic neuronal activation promoted an increase in cortical neuronal intracellular ATP levels, partly mediated by the facilitation of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, contributing to state-dependent optimization of neuronal intracellular energy levels.

IntroductionWhile most epidemiological studies have focused on the effects of individual dietary patterns and nutritional status on health, the relationships between the combinations of these factors and patient prognosis requires further investigation.ObjectiveThis study explored mortality risk in individuals with different combinations of dietary patterns or nutritional status.MethodsUnsupervised K-means clustering was used to classify populations. The analyses included Cox proportional risk and competing risk models.ResultsAfter considering a complex sampling design, the results showed that among 12,724 participants aged >60 years, 6.99% died from cancer and 10.47% from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CCVD). After correcting for participant baseline information and chronic conditions, the geriatric nutritional risk index and healthy eating index (HEI) were negatively associated with the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The opposite was true for the dietary inflammatory index (DII). After sorting the population three clusters based on study scores showed higher risks of all-cause mortality and cancer-related death in Cluster 2 and 3.DiscussionThese results suggest that different nutritional status and dietary patterns are associated with the risk of all-cause mortality and death from cancer and CCVD in people aged >60 years in the United States. Dietary patterns with high HEI and low DII were beneficial to health, whereas nutritional status needs to be maintained at a level that is not too low.

High-yield rice varieties with a suitable growth duration are required for mechanical transplanting in multiple cropping systems. Daily yield is an appropriate criterion for the selection of machine-transplanted rice varieties. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics and grain production in machine-transplanted medium indica hybrid rice with a high daily yield. We conducted a field experiment on 20 medium indica hybrid rice varieties in 2017 and 2018. Grain yield decreased significantly with growth duration between jointing and heading, but it increased with dry matter accumulation, growth rate between jointing and heading, dry matter partitioning to the stem plus sheath at heading, daily yield, and number of spikelets per panicle. Compared with the medium and low daily yield variety types, the high daily yield variety type increased shoot biomass by improving crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation amount between jointing and heading and after heading. The high daily yield variety type decreased the growth duration pre-heading and the proportions of dry matter partitioned to the leaf lamina at heading and maturity, but it also increased the post-heading accumulated dry matter in the grain and the remobilization of dry matter stored in the vegetative organs. Furthermore, the high daily yield variety type significantly increased the occurrence rate of tillers, which is beneficial for the formation of a larger panicle size and an increase in the grain-filling rate. These changes contributed to a 6.51–23.16% relative increase in grain yield of the high daily yield variety type. In conclusion, the selection of high daily yield indica hybrid rice varieties with shorter pre-heading growth duration, greater tiller occurrence rate and spikelet numbers per panicle, higher post-jointing growth rates and stem plus sheath dry matter accumulation at heading is suitable for machine-transplanted rice.