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This deliverable describes the results of co-creation workshops in four European regions (Poland, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy) to prototype tools with the potential to overcome barriers to implement and strengthen energy communities and energy citizens. Following a brief introduction, the workshop set-up and organisation is outlined. The results comprise a description of the participating stakeholders, challenges and gaps in founding and implementing energy communities, and in fostering energy citizenship, and the prototyping ideas.

The European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires EU member states to produce and implement river basin management plans, which are to be designed and updated via participatory processes that inform, consult with, and actively involve all interested stakeholders. The assumption of the European Commission is that stakeholder participation, and institutional adaptation and procedural innovation to facilitate it, are essential to the effectiveness of river basin planning and, ultimately, the environmental impact of the Directive. We analyzed official documents and the WFD literature to compare implementation of the Directive in EU member states in the initial WFD planning phase (2000-2009). Examining the development of participatory approaches to river basin management planning, we consider the extent of transformation in EU water governance over the period. Employing a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach, we map the implementation "trajectories" of 13 member states, and then provide a detailed examination of shifts in river basin planning and participation in four member states (Germany, Sweden, Poland and France) to illustrate the diversity of institutional approaches observed. We identify a general tendency towards increased, yet circumscribed, stakeholder participation in river basin management in the member states examined, alongside clear continuities in terms of their respective pre-WFD institutional and procedural arrangements. Overall, the WFD has driven a highly uneven shift to river basin-level planning among the member states, and instigated a range of efforts to institutionalize stakeholder involvement-often through the establishment of advisory groups to bring organized stakeholders into the planning process.

28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2109-2113, This article introduces a new type of mass production technology for CIS absorber formation yielding highest average module efficiencies. Key feature is a novel custom designed mass production furnace exploiting the principle of forced convection during heating, the CIS formation reaction and cooling. In the applied two stage process Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 absorbers are formed by metal precursor deposition on soda lime float glass substrates followed by reaction in the new equipment in selenium and sulfur containing atmosphere at temperatures up to the transition temperature of the substrate glass. The reaction is performed in a custom designed multiple chamber mass production equipment which can handle very corrosive, flammable and toxic processing gases typically from atmospheric pressure to vacuum at high durability. The substrates (size: 50×120cm²) are processed in batches of up to 102 substrates each, applying forced convection for very homogenous heat transfer and high heating and cooling rates. The multiple chamber design in combination with large batches yields high production capacity even at cycle times above one hour. This approach combines and exploits “best of both worlds”, i.e. the specific advantages of batch type and inline processing. An excellent average aperture efficiency of 14.3% at a narrow distribution of ±0.31% on all processed modules in a pilot production campaign and a peak efficiency of 15.1% is shown so far with this new technology. Long term stability of the modules is derived from excellent results after 3000hrs damp heat testing. This straightforward reliable technology is a key for highest performance CIS module mass production at very competitive costs. We believe that module efficiencies of 17% will be achieved with this new technology. Production costs below 0.38 $/Wp will be reached in a projected GWp factory with 16.3% average module efficiency.