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Abstract To evaluate the efficiency of a 20 μg hepatitis B vaccine(HepB) for disease prevention in two counties in Henan Province, China. A questionnaire was designed to examine the information of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive pregnant women, and their blood samples were collected to test for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. Three doses of 20 μg HepB and one dose of hepatitis B immune globulin(HBIG) were administered to newborns. Blood samples were collected from children one month after their complete immunization to test for HBsAg and hepatitis B surface antibody(HBsAb). A total of 419 HBsAg positive-pregnant women and 430 newborns were investigated. The average age of pregnant women was 29.6 ± 4.3 years, with an HBeAg positive rate of 29.1% (122/419). All newborns received their first dose of 20 μg hepatitis B vaccine and 100 IU HBIG within 12 h after birth. Six infants (1.9%, 6/319) tested positive for HBsAg and negative for HBsAb after one month of receiving the three basic doses of HepB. The geometric mean concentration(GMC) of HBsAb-positive infants was 861.6 mIU/mL, and their HBsAb antibody titers decreased with age. Immunization of children born to HBsAg-positive mothers with 20 μg HepB got the satisfactory effect on preventing mother-to-child transmission.

Background To provide useful insights into measles elimination progress in China, measles surveillance data were reviewed, and the transmission patterns of measles viruses circulating in China during 1993–2021 were analyzed. Methods Measles incidence data from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. A total of 17 570 strains were obtained from 30 of 31 provinces in mainland China during 1993–2021. The recommended genotyping window was amplified. Genotyping analysis was conducted for comparison with the reference strains. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify genetic relationships among different lineages within the genotypes. Results With high coverage of routine immunization and intensive supplementary immunization activities, measles incidence has shown a downward trend since 1993, despite 2 resurgences, reaching a historic low level in 2020–2021 (average 0.5 per million). During 1993–2021, 9 genotypes including domestic genotype H1; imported genotypes B3, D4, D8, D9, D11, G3, and H2; and vaccine-associated genotype A were identified. Among them, the genotype H1 strain circulated endemically in China for more than 25 years; the last strain was detected in Yunnan Province in September 2019. Multiple imported genotypes have been identified since 2009 showing different transmission patterns. Since April 2020, no imported strains have been detected, while vaccine-associated genotype A continues to be detected. Conclusions The evidence of low incidence during 2020–2021 and virological surveillance data in this study confirm that China is currently approaching measles elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A retrospective study based on sentinel surveillance was conducted in 10 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) in China to enhance the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs)., Methods: From January 2019 to June 2023, respiratory specimens were collected from individuals with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and screened for four HPIVs serotypes and other common respiratory viruses using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study analyzed the association of HPIVs infections with seasonal patterns, geographical distribution, demographic profiles, clinical features, and co-infection status., Results: During the study period, a total of 12,866 ARIs were included. The overall detection rate of HPIVs was 6.15%, varying from 5.04% in 2022 to 9.70% in 2020. The median age of HPIVs-infected patients was 3 years. HPIV2 was more prevalent among individuals aged 5-17 years (42.57%), while HPIV4 was more common in those over 65 years (12.24%). HPIV3 (54.16%) and HPIV1 (27.18%) were the predominant serotypes, and their prevalence exhibited significant seasonal fluctuations post- coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The peak of HPIV3 shifted three months later in 2020 compared to 2019 and returned to a summer peak thereafter. Two peaks of HPIV1 were observed in 2021 following the peak of HPIV3. Additionally, co-infections were frequent in HPIVs cases (overall rate: 22.12%), with human rhinovirus being the most common co-infecting virus., Conclusions: The prevalence of HPIVs in China was predominantly due to HPIV3 and HPIV1, and their seasonal patterns were altered by pandemic restrictions. Hence, continuous surveillance of HPIVs is essential., Competing Interests: No conflicts of interest., (Copyright and License information: Editorial Office of CCDCW, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2024.)

To understand the genotype and the mutation of amino acid (aa) in the major hydrophilic region (MHR) of hepatitis B virus(HBV). The serum samples were collected from the surveillance of HBV among population in Henan in 2012. The S gene of HBV was amplified and sequenced. The acid amino sequences were analyzed with Mega6. 0 software. A total of 50 sequences of HBV S gene were contained, including 8 sequences of genotype B(16. 0%) and 42 sequences of genotype C (84. 0%). The main serotype of HBV among Henan population was adrq+ (84. 0%) . The mutation rate of T1261 was the highest (14. 0%). The overall prevalence of mutant strain of MHR was 24. 0% (12/50), and it was 37. 5% (3/8) for genotype B,21. 4% (9/42) for genotype C. HBV genotype C was predominant in Henan,followed by genotype B. The adrq+ serotype was predominant followed by adw2. The mutation of amino acid in,MHR of HBV was detected in this study. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance for HBV mutation to provide accurate information during immunization process and HBIG therapy.

Rubella remains a significant burden in mainland China. In this report, 667 viruses collected in 24 of 31 provinces of mainland China during 2010-2012 were sequenced and analyzed, significantly extending previous reports on limited numbers of viruses collected before 2010. Only viruses of genotypes 1E and 2B were found. Genotype 1E viruses were found in all 24 provinces. Genotype 1E viruses were likely introduced into mainland China around 1997 and endemic transmission of primarily one lineage became established. Viruses reported here from 2010-2012 are largely in a single cluster within this lineage. Genotype 2B viruses were rarely detected in China prior to 2010. This report documents a previously undetected 2B lineage, which likely became endemic in eastern provinces of China between 2010 and 2012. Bayesian analyses were performed to estimate the evolutionary rates and dates of appearance of the genotype 1E and 2B viral linages in China. A skyline plot of viral population diversity did not provide evidence of reduction of diversity as a result of vaccination, but should be useful as a baseline for such reductions as vaccination programs for rubella become widespread in mainland China.