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Bridged cyclobutanes and sulfur heterocycles are currently under intense investigation as building blocks for pharmaceutical drug design. Two formal cycloaddition modes involving bicyclobutanes (BCBs) and pyridinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolate derivatives were described to rapidly expand the chemical space of sulfur‐containing bridged cyclobutanes. By using Ni(ClO4)2 as the catalyst, an uncommon higher‐order (5+3) cycloaddition of BCBs with quinolinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolate was achieved with broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, the first Lewis acid‐catalyzed asymmetric polar (5+3) cycloaddition of BCB with pyridazinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolate was accomplished. In contrast, pyridinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolates undergo an Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed formal (3+3) reaction with BCBs to generate thia‐norpinene products, which represent the initial instance of synthesizing 2‐thiabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (thia‐BCHeps) from BCBs. Moreover, we have successfully used this (3+3) protocol to rapidly prepare thia‐BCHeps‐substituted analogues of the bioactive molecule Pitofenone. Density functional theory (DFT) computations imply that kinetic factors govern the (5+3) cycloaddition reaction between BCB and quinolinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolate, whereas the (3+3) reaction involving pyridinium 1,4‐zwitterionic thiolates is under thermodynamic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of catalytic asymmetric methods for synthesizing chiral (hetero)bicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes has hindered their application in new drug discovery. Here we demonstrate the achievability of an asymmetric polar cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane using a chiral Lewis acid catalyst and a bidentate chelating bicyclo[1.1.0]butane substrate, as exemplified by the current enantioselective formal (3 + 3) cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with nitrones. In addition to the diverse bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes incorporating an acyl imidazole group or an acyl pyrazole moiety, a wide array of nitrones are compatible with this Lewis acid catalysis, successfully assembling two congested quaternary carbon centers and a chiral aza-trisubstituted carbon center in the pharmaceutically important hetero-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane product with up to 99% yield and >99% ee. The absence of catalytic asymmetric methods for synthesizing chiral (hetero)bicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes has hindered their application in new drug discovery. Herein the authors report an enantioselective formal (3 + 3) cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes with nitrones using a chiral Lewis acid catalyst for the synthesis of hetero-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intrinsic characteristics of multiphase flow inevitably result in vibrations within the pipe structure. The evolution of vibration characteristics is crucial for monitoring the stability of the multiphase flow pipelines. However, under high liquid velocity condition, the influence of flow pattern on the gas–liquid two-phase flow-induced vibration (GTFIV) of the pipe remains unclear. In this paper, the vibration signals in the horizontal pipe under different flow patterns at high liquid velocity are measured by a vibration test system. Synchronously, images inside the pipe are captured to illustrate the flow mechanism. The results show that the α stable distribution model holds higher fitting accuracy than the standard normal distribution for the GTFIV. The random behavior of small-scale bubbles determines the structural richness of the GTFIV. The multifractal characteristics of the GTFIV are strongly dependent on the flow pattern. The formation of the gas plug leads to significant unevenness in the fractal structure of the GTFIV. The multifractal strength of the GTFIV gradually increases as the flow pattern transforms from dispersed bubble flow to slug flow. Some multifractal spectrum parameters of the vibration signal can be applied for the identification of flow patterns in the pipe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixed-flow pump performs well in transporting gas–liquid mixtures with large flow rates and high inlet gas volume fractions. However, its extensive development is still limited by the operating range and poor overall performance. In this study, a multiobjective and multicondition optimization methodology for improving the gas–liquid flow performance of a mixed-flow pump based on the inverse design is proposed. The impeller blade load is taken as the optimization variable. Moreover, the Euclidean distances of the pressure increment, efficiency, and gas volume fraction in the diffuser are adopted as optimization objectives. Results show that the numerical methodology is verified by the pressure increment and gas distribution obtained in the tests of the original pump. Optimized results demonstrate that the slope of the straight line, the stacking angle at the hub, and the intersection point of the rear parabola and the straight line significantly affect the objectives. The increased load of the first half of the impeller and the reduced load of the second half may improve the comprehensive performance of mixed-flow pumps. The blade length and wrap angle are reduced after optimization, which changes the inlet and outlet angles and deflection of the blade, thereby helping to enhance the cognition of mixed-flow pump performance optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As key devices to lift deep-sea oil and gas, mixed-flow pumps can transport multiphase flow with high inlet gas volume fraction (IGVF). Performance parameters of mixed-flow pumps may be disturbed by the complex flow and gas–liquid distribution under various conditions that need an accurate two-phase flow numerical methodology for prediction. In this work, the gas–liquid mixed flow performance of a mixed-flow pump is investigated based on the modified drag force model, which considers the bubble deformation at high IGVF. The effects of the IGVF on pressure increment and gas phase distribution are explored. The influences of flow rate and rotational speed are studied as well. Experiments are conducted to obtain performance parameters and gas–liquid distribution images. The results show that performance parameters and gas–liquid distribution predicted in simulations are consistent with those obtained in experiments. The pressure increment of the mixed-flow pump is decreased as the IGVF and flow rate increase. Especially when IGVF increases from 5% to 15%, the pressure increment drops sharply, which is the surging phenomenon. The increased speed may improve the performance. The evolution of gas phase distribution is deeply analyzed to improve the understanding of gas–liquid flow characteristics in mixed-flow pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cycloadditions. Bicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes show great promise in substituting planar aromatic rings, akin to the "butterfly effect". In their Research Article (e202408578), Jian‐Jun Feng et al. present a Lewis acid‐catalyzed cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes (butterfly conformation) with 2D pyridinium thiolate derivatives...By Yuanjiu Xiao; Feng Wu; Lei Tang; Xu Zhang; Mengran Wei; Guoqiang Wang and Jian‐Jun FengReported by Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]