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Modified waste phoenix tree's leaf was prepared to improve its adsorption capacities for metal ions: Cu, Cd and Zn. Batch adsorption isotherm and kinetics in one-component system were conducted. Dynamic adsorption experiments especially the kinetics and competition of the three metal ions in one-component, binary and ternary systems were carried out in the modified leaf fixed-bed column. Results showed that there was an antagonistic effect in the competitive adsorption process under the binary and ternary system. The modified leaf displayed a high selectivity toward one metal ion with an affinity order of Cu > Cd > Zn. Due to the difference in the adsorption affinity, the whole process in the complicated systems could be divided into three phases: complete adsorption phase, separation phase and saturation phase. Yoon-Nelson and a modified Yoon-Nelson model were used to predict the adsorption kinetic curves. Results showed that the data fitted the models well and the obtained values of the breakthrough time and adsorption capacity at time t were very close to the experimental values. The modified leaf fixed-bed column could be regenerated efficiently and used repeatedly, and it had great potential in treating the industrial wastewater containing heavy metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effect of cluster needling of scalp points on nuclear transcription factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65)，NF-κB inhibitory protein α (IKBα)，β secretase 1 (BACE1)，beta-amyloid protein (Aβ) and hippocampal morphology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats，so as to reveal its mechanism underlying improvement of AD., Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation，model，clustering acupuncture and medication groups，with 12 trats in each group. AD model was induced by Aβ1-42 injection into bilateral hippocampus. In the clustering acupuncture group，"Baihui" (DU20) and 1 mm on left and right sides of DU20 were needled for 30 min，once daily for 14 d. Rats of the medication group were given donepezil hydrochloride (0.5 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) intragastric perfusion once a day for 14 d. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the cognitive function of rats. HE staining was used to observe the structure changes of hippocampal tissue. The expressions of NF-κB p65，IKBα and BACE1 in hippocampus were detected by Western blot. ELISA was used to detect the levels of Aβ in hippocampus and serum of rats., Results: Compared with sham operation group，the escape latency of Morris water maze test in the model group was prolonged，the number of crossing the original platform was decreased( P <0.01)，the protein expressions of NF-κB p65 and BACE1 in hippocampus，and the levels of Aβ in hippocampus and serum of AD rats were increased ( P <0.01， P <0.05)，while the expression of IKBα protein was decreased ( P <0.01). Compared with the model group，the escape latency of Morris water maze test was shortened and the number of crossing the original platform was increased in the clustering acupuncture and medication groups ( P <0.01， P <0.05)，and the protein expressions of NF-κB p65 and BACE1 in hippocampus，the levels of Aβ in hippocampus and serum were decreased ( P <0.01， P <0.05)，while the expression of IKBα protein was increased ( P <0.01). In comparison of the medication group，the protein expressions of NF-κB p65 and IKBα was lower in the clustering acupuncture group ( P <0.05). HE staining showed that cells in the hippocampus were arranged loosely and disordered，some cytoplasm was hyperchromatic，nucleus was pyknotic，inflammatory cells were infiltrated in the model group，which were relatively milder in the clustering acupuncture and medication groups., Conclusion: Cluster needling at scalp points may improve the cognitive impairment in AD rats by reducing inflammatory infiltration in hippocampus，regulating the expressions of NF-κB p65，IKBα and BACE1，and inhibiting the aggregation of Aβ.