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Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are extremely sensitive to drought stress. Flavonoids are crucial secondary metabolites that possess the ability to withstand drought stress. Therefore, improving the drought resistance of blueberries by increasing the flavonoid content is crucial for the development of the blueberry industry. To explore the underlying molecular mechanism of blueberry in adaptation to drought stress, we performed an integrated analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome of blueberry leaves under drought stress. We found that the most enriched drought-responsive genes are mainly involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathways based on transcriptome data and the main drought-responsive metabolites come from the flavonoid class based on metabolome data. The UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyl transferase (UFGT), flavonol synthase (FLS), and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR-2) genes may be the key genes for the accumulation of anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavans in response to drought stress in blueberry leaves, respectively. Delphinidin 3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside chloride may be the most important drought-responsive flavonoid metabolites. VcMYB1, VcMYBPA1, MYBPA1.2, and MYBPA2.1 might be responsible for drought-induced flavonoid biosynthesis and VcMYB14, MYB14, MYB102, and MYB108 may be responsible for blueberry leaf drought tolerance. ABA responsive elements binding factor (ABF) genes, MYB genes, bHLH genes, and flavonoid biosynthetic genes might form a regulatory network to regulate drought-induced accumulation of flavonoid metabolites in blueberry leaves. Our study provides a useful reference for breeding drought-resistant blueberry varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flavonoids play important roles in plant salt tolerance. Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are extremely sensitive to soil salt increases. Therefore, improving the salt resistance of blueberries by increasing the flavonoid content is crucial for the development of the blueberry industry. To explore the underlying molecular mechanism, we performed an integrated analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome of blueberry leaves under salt stress. We identified 525 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) under salt stress vs. control treatment, primarily including members of the flavonoid class. We also identified 20,920 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on transcriptome data; of these, 568 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) were annotated, and bHLH123, OsHSP20, and HSP20 TFs might be responsible for blueberry leaf salt tolerance. DEGs involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were significantly enriched at almost all stages of salt stress. Salt treatment upregulated the expression of most flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and promoted the accumulation of flavonols, flavonol glycosides, flavans, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins. Correlation analysis suggested that 4-coumarate CoA ligases (4CL5 and 4CL1) play important roles in the accumulation of flavonols (quercetin and pinoquercetin) and flavan-3-ol (epicatechin and prodelphinidin C2) under salt stress, respectively. The flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylases (F3′5′H) regulate anthocyanin (cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside chloride) biosynthesis, and leucoanthocyanidin reductases (LAR) are crucial for the biosynthesis of epicatechin and prodelphinidin C2 during salt stress. Taken together, it is one of the future breeding goals to cultivate salt-resistant blueberry varieties by increasing the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes, especially 4CL, F3′5′H, and LAR genes, to promote flavonoid content in blueberry leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endomembrane system consists of organellar membranes in the biosynthetic pathway [endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles] as well as those in the degradative pathway (early endosomes, macropinosomes, phagosomes, autophagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes). These endomembrane organelles/vesicles work together to synthesize, modify, package, transport, and degrade proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, regulating the balance between cellular anabolism and catabolism. Large ion concentration gradients exist across endomembranes: Ca2+ gradients for most endomembrane organelles and H+ gradients for the acidic compartments. Ion (Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, and Cl−) channels on the organellar membranes control ion flux in response to cellular cues, allowing rapid informational exchange between the cytosol and organelle lumen. Recent advances in organelle proteomics, organellar electrophysiology, and luminal and juxtaorganellar ion imaging have led to molecular identification and functional characterization of about two dozen endomembrane ion channels. For example, whereas IP3R1–3 channels mediate Ca2+ release from the ER in response to neurotransmitter and hormone stimulation, TRPML1–3 and TMEM175 channels mediate lysosomal Ca2+ and H+ release, respectively, in response to nutritional and trafficking cues. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of these endomembrane channels, with a focus on their subcellular localizations, ion permeation properties, gating mechanisms, cell biological functions, and disease relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the presence of blue-green neutrophilic inclusions in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These inclusions have been previously observed in patients with acute hepatic failure, yellow fever, bacteremia, sepsis, and other conditions. The article presents two cases of AML patients with blue-green inclusions and analyzes their outcomes. The first patient had a high mortality rate, while the second patient survived after receiving liver protection treatment. The article suggests that laboratories should be alert to the presence of blue-green inclusions in AML patients and promptly report them to clinicians. [Extracted from the article]

Night cultural and tourism consumption areas (NCTCAs) have become an important carrier to light up the city's night-time economic (NTE). Improving the consumption experience of NCTCAs is an effective way to promote the high-quality development of NCTCAs and release their economic potential. Based on the review data of NCTCAs and Ctrip travel platform above the provincial level, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of NCTCAs and their Internet word-of-mouth (IWOM) by combining nearest neighbor index and kernel density estimation methods, and further discusses the influencing factors of IWOM of NCTCAs based on Geodetector. It is found as follows. ➀ The NCTCAs in China are mainly distributed in the southeast of Hu Line, and the different types of NCTCAs have spatial differences. ➁ The IWOM of the NCTCAs is generally good and presents a spatial pattern of two poles and multiple cores. The high-value areas of IWOM are basically distributed in the diamond arrangement area in east of Hu Line, while the core areas and sub-core areas are mostly located in the T-shaped development axis zone in China. ➂ Socio-economic factors such as urban consumption power, tertiary industry and population have a strong influence on IWOM of NCTCAs. Among them, total retail sales of consumer goods are the dominant factor, which together with the Baidu search index constitute the leading interactive factors of IWOM for various NCTCAs. Therefore, in the process of construction and development of NCTCAs, we should reasonably cultivate and lay out the economic growth poles at night, improve consumer satisfaction and promote the formation of high-quality NCTCAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a new consistency measurement for classification rule sets that is based on the similarity of their classification abilities. The similarity of the classification abilities of the two rule sets is evaluated though the similarity of the corresponding partitions of the feature space using the different rule sets. The proposed consistency measure can be used to measure the equivalent symmetry of subsystems decomposed from a large, complex cyber–physical system (CPS). It can be used to verify whether the same knowledge is obtained by the sensing data in the different subsystems. In the experiments, five decision tree algorithms and eighteen datasets from the UCI machine learning repository are employed to extract the classification rules, and the consistency between the corresponding rule sets is investigated. The classification rule sets extracted from the use of the C4.5 algorithm on the electrical grid stability dataset have a consistency of 0.88, which implies that the different subsystems contain almost equivalent knowledge about the network stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of chemotherapy drug oxaliplatin is associated with painful peripheral neuropathy that is exacerbated by cold. Remodeling of ion channels including TRP channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons contribute to the sensory hypersensitivity following oxaliplatin treatment in animal models. However, it has not been studied if TRP channels and membrane depolarization of DRG neurons serve as the initial ionic/membrane drives (such as within an hour) that contribute to the development of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain. In the current study, we studied in mice (1) in vitro acute effects of oxaliplatin on the membrane excitability of IB4+ and IB4– subpopulations of DRG neurons using a perforated patch clamping, (2) the preventative effects of a membrane-hyperpolarizing drug retigabine on oxaliplatin-induced sensory hypersensitivity, and (3) the preventative effects of TRP channel antagonists on the oxaliplatin-induced membrane hyperexcitability and sensory hypersensitivity. We found (1) IB4+ and IB4– subpopulations of small DRG neurons displayed previously undiscovered, substantially different membrane excitability, (2) oxaliplatin selectively depolarized IB4– DRG neurons, (3) pretreatment of retigabine largely prevented oxaliplatin-induced sensory hypersensitivity, (4) antagonists of TRPA1 and TRPM8 channels prevented oxaliplatin-induced membrane depolarization, and (5) the antagonist of TRPM8 largely prevented oxaliplatin-induced sensory hypersensitivity. These results suggest that oxaliplatin depolarizes IB4– neurons through TRPM8 channels to drive the development of neuropathic pain and targeting the initial drives of TRPM8 and/or membrane depolarization may prevent oxaliplatin-induce neuropathic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]