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Abstract: We analyze the systemic risk for disjoint and overlapping groups of financial institutions by proposing new models with realistic game features.Specifically, we generalize the systemic risk measure proposed in[F. Biagini, J.-P. Fouque, M. Frittelli and T. Meyer-Brandis, On fairness of systemic risk measures,Finance Stoch. 24 (2020), 2, 513–564]by allowing individual banks to choose their preferred groups instead of being assigned to certain groups.We introduce the concept of Nash equilibrium for these new models, and analyze the optimal solution under Gaussian distribution of the risk factor.We also provide an explicit solution for the risk allocation of the individual banks and study the existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibrium both theoretically and numerically.The developed numerical algorithm can simulate scenarios of equilibrium, and we apply it to study the banking structure with real data and show the validity of the proposed model.

Aiming to address the problem of limited transmission distance in applying reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology, this study leverages a tunnel simulation platform to investigate RIS-assisted wireless communication systems. Through theoretical derivation, we propose a path loss model formula specifically applicable to tunnel scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model accurately reflects the communication performance characteristics of RIS in tunnel scenarios, verifying the capability of RIS technology to enhance signal transmission distance within tunnels in rail transit engineering applications. This finding highlights the significant engineering potential and value of RIS technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image-based ship monitoring technology has extensive applications, and is widely used in various aspects of port management, including illegal activity surveillance, vessel identification at entry and exit points, channel and berth management, unmanned vessel control, and incident warning and emergency response. However, most current ship identification technologies rely on a single information source, reducing detection accuracy in the complex and variable marine environment. To address this issue, this paper proposes a knowledge transfer-based ship identification system integrating three modules. The system enables synchronized monitoring of visible light coastal images, satellite cloud images, and infrared spectrum images, thereby mitigating problems such as low detection accuracy and poor adaptability of image recognition. Additionally, extensive supplementary experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the preprocessing and data augmentation modules as well as the transfer learning module. The study also discusses the limitations of current deep learning-based ship monitoring models, particularly their poor adaptability to image recognition and inability to achieve all-weather, round-the-clock monitoring. Experimental results based on three ship monitoring datasets demonstrate that the proposed system, by integrating three distinct detection conditions, outperforms other models with an F1-score of 98.74%, approximately 10% higher than most existing ship detection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present contribution, we demonstrate that the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) over the bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) photoanode, which severely restricts its photoelectrochemical activity, is markedly accelerated by employing a sulfate-containing electrolyte. First-principle calculation points to the spontaneous adsorption of sulfate ( SO 4 2 − ) on Bi2S3 and its capacity of stabilizing the OER intermediates through hydrogen bonding, which is further reinforced by increasing the local density of states near the Fermi level of Bi2S3. Meanwhile, the electron transfer is also promoted to synergistically render the rate-determining step (from O* to OOH*) of OER over Bi2S3 kinetically facile. Last but not least, benefitting from such enhanced OER activity and efficient charge separation resulted from depositing Bi2S3 on the zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs), forming a core–shell heterojunction, its photocurrent density achieves 8.61 mA·cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE, far surpassing those reported for additional Bi2S3-based and several state-of-the-art photoanodes in the literature and further exceeding their theoretical limit. The great promise of the Bi2S3/ZnO NRs is in view of such outperformance, the superior Faradaic yield of oxygen of more than ∼ 80% and the outstanding half-cell applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of ∼ 1% well corroborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the term "ecosystem" has garnered substantial attention in scholarly and managerial discourse, featuring prominently in academic and applied contexts. While individual scholars have made significant contributions to the study of various types of ecosystem, there appears to be a research gap marked by a lack of comprehensive synthesis and refinement of findings across diverse ecosystems. This paper systematically addresses this gap through a hybrid methodology, employing bibliometric and content analyses to systematically review the literature from 1993 to 2023. The primary research aim is to critically examine theoretical studies on different ecosystem types, specifically focusing on business, innovation, and platform ecosystems. The methodology of this study involves a content review of the identified literature, combining quantitative bibliometric analyses to differentiate patterns and content analysis for in-depth exploration. The core findings center on refining and summarizing the definitions of business, innovation, and platform ecosystems, shedding light on both commonalities and distinctions. Notably, the research unveils shared characteristics such as openness and diversity across these ecosystems while highlighting significant differences in terms of participants and objectives. Furthermore, the paper delves into the interconnections within these three ecosystem types, offering insights into their dynamics and paving the way for discussions on future research directions. This comprehensive examination not only advances our understanding of business, innovation, and platform ecosystems but also lays the groundwork for future scholarly inquiries in this dynamic and evolving field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]