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Reinjection is thought to be the most effective way to maintain reservoir pressure and production capacity for hydrothermal resources. The use of external water injection to replenish deep geothermal reservoirs is a new approach in China to addressing the problems of declining groundwater levels and energy depletion caused by the excessive and uneven exploitation of geothermal resources. However, the key challenge and focus of the feasibility assessment of this method lies in the chemical compatibility of the external water with the native geothermal reservoir water and surrounding rocks. In this paper, we discuss the geochemical response of a dolomite reservoir to lake water injection based on experiments on water–rock interaction in the Wumishan formation in the Dongli Lake area of Tianjin. The results show that after reactions with dolomite, the TDS of the reacted water decreases, indicating the occurrence of precipitation. According to the calculation results obtained using the PHQREEC program, the precipitation amount is found to be quite limited. Geochemical analysis indicates that at the initial stage of the reactions, plagioclase dissolves and releases alkaline metals like Ca-, Na-, SiO2- and Al-bearing compositions, leading to the oversaturation and precipitation of dolomite and calcite. As the reaction progresses, a portion of the dolomite dissolves, while the calcite continues to precipitate at a later stage. Illite precipitates and its effects on reservoir structure depend on its shape. Based on the experimental data, it can be concluded that the dolomite reservoir will be slightly affected by the reinjection of lake water; however, it is still a good method for the sustainable development of geothermal resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot dry rock is regarded as the clean energy of the future and is an important part of geothermal resources, with great research value and development prospects. The Weishan volcano, located in the northern part of the Wudalianchi volcanic group, was formed in the Pleistocene, and its age is only (0.57–0.31) ± 0.05 Ma. This area has a geothermal setting similar to but a younger age than that of the Fenton Hill volcano (formed 1.40–1.10 Ma) where a hot dry rock power project has operated since 1973. In this study, we used ambient noise tomography and magnetotelluric sounding methods to investigate deep heat sources beneath the Weishan volcano. The results show good geothermal conditions for hot dry rock formation in this region. A cooling magma chamber that might be the hot dry rock heat source is indicated in the upper crust at 6.5–13 km depth, with a volume of ∼200 km 3 . Our study suggests that the monzonitic granites of the Indosinian Xiaohongshan unit, which lies beneath the Late Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation and the Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian Beikuanhe Formation, should be the main target for further hot dry rock geothermal energy exploration and development.

Background Although studies have demonstrated associations between sleep quality (SQ) and grip strength (GS) in older adults, the direction and underlying mechanisms of this relationship are yet to be better delineated. We aimed to longitudinally investigate the bidirectional association between SQ and GS and the mediating role of depression in this association. Methods Based on 2 nationally representative samples with people aged ≥50 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS; 4 200 participants) and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; 5 922 participants), cross-lagged panel models were employed to examine the potential bidirectional relationships between objectively measured GS and self-reported SQ. Results We observed a GS–SQ bidirectional association dominated by GS. After adjusting for potential confounders, a higher GS at T1 predicted better SQ at T2 (ELSA: β = 0.075; CHARLS: β = 0.104, p <.001) and vice versa (ELSA: β = 0.034; CHARLS: β = 0.030, p <.01). Moreover, depression partially mediated the impact of GS on subsequent SQ (ELSA, indirect effect: 0.0057, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0035–0.0084; CHARLS, indirect effect: 0.0086, 95% CI: 0.0051, 0.0131), but not vice versa. Conclusions The results regarding data from both cohorts consistently supported a bidirectional association between GS and SQ and the mediating role of depression in the dominant pathway of this bidirectional relationship. Older adults with a low GS should be made aware of a potentially vicious cycle related to depression that can affect their sleep. Regular screening for depression may help to break this cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The independent, mediation, interaction, and joint effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and phenotypic frailty on the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are unclear., Research Question: Do SES and frailty increase the risk of COPD independently or jointly ? Is there an interaction between the two factors in incident COPD? Does frailty play a mediating role between SES and COPD?, Study Design and Methods: This study included 396,106 UK Biobank participants without COPD at baseline. Latent class analysis was used to define the SES of participants. Frailty was defined by the frailty phenotypes according to five factors. Cox regression models were employed to examine the associations and calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mediation and interaction analyses were used to explain the associations between SES and frailty on COPD risk., Results: During a median follow-up period of 13.5 years, 12,626 individuals were diagnosed with COPD. Compared with individuals of high SES or robust, low SES (HR: 2.69, 95% CI: 2.48-2.92) or frailty (HR: 2.75, 95% CI: 2.58-2.93) increased the risk of COPD, respectively; 11.80% of the association between SES and COPD was mediated by frailty. In addition, there was a statistically significant additive interaction of low SES and frailty with COPD incidence (relative risk due to interaction: 3.591, 95% CI: 2.189-4.992; attributable proportion due to the interaction: 0.433, 95% CI: 0.276-0.589). Compared to robust individuals with high SES, frail individuals with low SES have the highest risk of COPD (HR: 7.85, 95% CI: 6.96-8.86)., Interpretation: Low SES and frailty are independent risk factors for COPD, and these two factors also have synergistic interaction in COPD. Frailty partially mediated the association between SES and COPD. Thus, the early identification and reversal of frailty may minimize the risk of COPD, especially in individuals with low SES., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Although inflammation has been linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), most studies have focused only on a single indicator, leading to inconsistent results. Therefore, a large prospective study that includes a variety of well-documented single and composite indicators of inflammation is needed. This study aimed to thoroughly investigate the potential associations between different systemic inflammatory indicators and NAFLD in the UK Biobank cohort., Methods: After excluding ineligible participants, 378,139 individuals were included in the study. Associations between systemic inflammatory indicators and hepatic steatosis were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. The relationships between systemic inflammatory indicators and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were analysed using Cox proportional hazards models, and nonlinear associations were investigated using restricted cubic splines., Results: According to the cross-sectional analysis, systemic inflammatory indicators significantly correlated with hepatic steatosis. Over a median follow-up of 13.9 years, 4,145 individuals developed NAFLD. After sufficient adjustment for confounding factors, CRP levels were found to be nonlinearly positively associated with NAFLD risk ( P <0.001), representing the strongest correlation among the tested relationships; lymphocyte count and the LMR showed an L-shaped correlation; monocyte count and neutrophil count showed a linear positive correlation (all P < 0.001); and the NLR, PLR, and SII showed a U-shaped correlation (all P <0.001)., Conclusions: Multiple systemic inflammatory indicators are strongly associated with the development of NAFLD, and aggressive systemic inflammation management may have a favourable impact on reducing the burden of NAFLD; further randomized controlled studies are needed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Gong, He, Zhu, Feng, Sun, Jiang, Yuan, Shen and Di.)