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Abstract Background Intestinal obstruction represents a severe intestinal disease associated with higher mortality rates. However, the determinants of mortality in patients with intestinal obstruction remain inadequately understood. This study sought to elucidate the potential risk factors associated with mortality in the context of intestinal obstruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 227 patients diagnosed with intestinal obstruction at the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, spanning the period from September 7, 2022, to January 7, 2023. The primary endpoint of the study was mortality within four weeks following discharge. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality outcomes. Results A cohort of 227 patients diagnosed with intestinal obstruction (median age, 59.02 years [IQR, 48.95–70.85 years]) was included in our study. Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) and COVID-19 were identified as independent risk factors for mortality among these patients. Notably, the mortality rate increased significantly to 38.46% when MBO was concomitant with COVID-19. Furthermore, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) (OR, 54.21 [death]; 95% CI, 3.17-926.31), gastric cancer (OR, 9.71 [death]; 95% CI, 1.38–68.18), VTE (Caprini Score ≥ 5) (OR, 7.64 [death]; 95% CI, 1.37–42.51), and COVID-19 (OR, 5.72 [death]; 95% CI, 1.01–32.29) were all determined to be independent risk factors for postoperative mortality. Additionally, gastric cancer could have emerged as one of the most severe risk factors for mortality in individuals with intestinal obstruction within the cohort of cancer patients, of which gastric cancer exhibited higher mortality rates compared to individuals with other forms of cancer. Conclusion The study identifies MBO, gastric cancer, COVID-19, PPC, and VTE as potential risk factors for mortality in cases of intestinal obstruction. These findings highlight the necessity for continuous monitoring of indicators related to these mortality risk factors and their associated complications, thereby offering valuable insights for the management and treatment of intestinal obstruction.

Abstract The issue of brightness in strong ambient light conditions is one of the critical obstacles restricting the application of augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR). Gallium nitride (GaN)-based micro-LEDs, renowned for their exceptional brightness and stability, are considered the foremost contenders for AR applications. Nevertheless, conventional heteroepitaxial growth micro-LED devices confront formidable challenges, including substantial wavelength shifts and efficiency droop. In this paper, we firstly demonstrated the high-quality homoepitaxial GaN-on-GaN micro-LEDs micro-display, and thoroughly analyzed the possible benefits for free-standing GaN substrate from the material-level characterization to device optoelectronic properties and micro-display application compared with sapphire substrate. The GaN-on-GaN structure exhibits a superior crystal quality with ultra-low threading dislocation densities (TDDs) of ~ 105 cm−2, which is three orders of magnitude lower than that of GaN-on-Sapphire. Through an in-depth size-dependent optoelectronic analysis of blue/green emission GaN-on-GaN/ Sapphire micro-LEDs from 100 × 100 shrink to 3 × 3 μm2, real that a lower forward voltage and series resistance, a consistent emission wavelength (1.21 nm for blue and 4.79 nm for green @ 500 A/cm2), coupled with a notable reduction in efficiency droop ratios (15.6% for blue and 28.5% for green @ 500 A/cm2) and expanded color gamut (103.57% over Rec. 2020) within GaN-on-GaN 10 μm micro-LEDs. Last but not least, the GaN-on-GaN micro-display with 3000 pixels per inch (PPI) showcased enhanced display uniformity and higher luminance in comparison to its GaN-on-Sapphire counterpart, demonstrating significant potentials for high-brightness AR/MR applications under strong ambient light.

This study presents a case of a girl of three year and 4 month old with ataxia and severe sensorineural hearing loss for 2 years. In order to improve hearing, she was hospitalized in the PUMC Hospital. Genetic testing performed found compound heterozygous variants of c.1186C > T(p.P396S) and c.1357C > T(p.R453W) in TWNK gene. After a multidisciplinary discussion of the case, the team suspected mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome type 7(hepatocerebral type). The patient has shown nervous system impairment involvement but no evidence of liver dysfunction. The efficacy of cochlear implantation is uncertain and general anesthesia if applied will accelerate the progress of encephalopathy and might lead to multiple organ failure. Unsure of the perioperative safety, the parents of the girl did not chose the option of hearing intervention temporarily, but chose oral symptomatic supportive treatment with coenzyme Q10, folate, levocarnitine, and complex vitamins as recommended.

Abstract Background Intratumoral hemorrhage, though less common, could be the first clinical manifestation of glioma and is detectable via MRI; however, its exact impacts on patient outcomes remain unclear and controversial. The 2021 WHO CNS 5 classification emphasised genetic and molecular features, initiating the necessity to establish the correlation between hemorrhage and molecular alterations. This study aims to determine the prevalence of intratumoral hemorrhage in glioma subtypes and identify associated molecular and clinical characteristics to improve patient management. Methods Integrated clinical data and imaging studies of patients who underwent surgery at the Department of Neurosurgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2011 to January 2022 with pathological confirmation of glioma were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into hemorrhage and non-hemorrhage groups based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. A comparison and survival analysis were conducted with the two groups. In terms of subgroup analysis, we classified patients into astrocytoma, IDH-mutant; oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, 1p/19q-codeleted; glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype; pediatric-type gliomas; or circumscribed glioma using integrated histological and molecular characteristics, according to WHO CNS 5 classifications. Results 457 patients were enrolled in the analysis, including 67 (14.7%) patients with intratumoral hemorrhage. The hemorrhage group was significantly older and had worse preoperative Karnofsky performance scores. The hemorrhage group had a higher occurrence of neurological impairment and a higher Ki-67 index. Molecular analysis indicated that CDKN2B, KMT5B, and PIK3CA alteration occurred more in the hemorrhage group (CDKN2B, 84.4% vs. 62.2%, p = 0.029; KMT5B, 25.0% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.029; and PIK3CA, 81.3% vs. 58.5%, p = 0.029). Survival analysis showed significantly worse prognoses for the hemorrhage group (hemorrhage 18.4 months vs. non-hemorrhage 39.1 months, p = 0.01). In subgroup analysis, the multivariate analysis showed that intra-tumoral hemorrhage is an independent risk factor only in glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (162 cases of 457 overall, HR = 1.72, p = 0.026), but not in other types of gliomas. The molecular alteration of CDK6 (hemorrhage group p = 0.004, non-hemorrhage group p

Esophageal cancer, a malignant tumor with devastatingly high incidence and mortality rates, necessitates prompt efficacy evaluation and accurate prognosis prediction. Radiomics is an algorithmic approach that extracts insightful quantitative parameters from medical images, offering a trove of high-throughput imaging features. This technology demonstrates significant predictive value in esophageal cancer, holding immense promise for personalized treatment and patient evaluation. This article delves into the latest research advancements of computed tomography radiomics in both prognosis prediction and efficacy evaluation of this aggressive disease.

Abstract VISTA, an inhibitory myeloid-T-cell checkpoint, holds promise as a target for cancer immunotherapy. However, its effective targeting has been impeded by issues such as rapid clearance and cytokine release syndrome observed with previous VISTA antibodies. Here we demonstrate that SNS-101, a newly developed pH-selective VISTA antibody, addresses these challenges. Structural and biochemical analyses confirmed the pH-selectivity and unique epitope targeted by SNS-101. These properties confer favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles on SNS-101. In syngeneic tumor models utilizing human VISTA knock-in mice, SNS-101 shows in vivo efficacy when combined with a PD-1 inhibitor, modulates cytokine and chemokine signaling, and alters the tumor microenvironment. In summary, SNS-101, currently in Phase I clinical trials, emerges as a promising therapeutic biologic for a wide range of patients whose cancer is refractory to current immunotherapy regimens.

Abstract. Background:. In the clinic, practitioners encounter many patients with an abnormal pattern of dense punctate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal in the basal ganglia, a phenomenon known as "cheese sign". This sign is reported as common in cerebrovascular diseases, dementia, and old age. Recently, cheese sign has been speculated to consist of dense perivascular space (PVS). This study aimed to assess the lesion types of cheese sign and analyze the correlation between this sign and vascular disease risk factors. Methods:. A total of 812 patients from Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) dementia cohort were enrolled. We analyzed the relationship between cheese sign and vascular risk. For assessing cheese sign and defining its degree, the abnormal punctate signals were classified into basal ganglia hyperintensity (BGH), PVS, lacunae/infarctions and microbleeds, and counted separately. Each type of lesion was rated on a four-level scale, and then the sum was calculated; this total was defined as the cheese sign score. Fazekas and Age-Related White Matter Changes (ARWMC) scores were used to evaluate the paraventricular, deep, and subcortical gray/white matter hyperintensities. Results:. A total of 118 patients (14.5%) in this dementia cohort were found to have cheese sign. Age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.090, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.064–1.120, P

[18F]-Florbetazine ([18F]-92) is a selective PET tracer for β-amyloid (Aβ) depositions with a novel diaryl-azine scaffold to reduce lipophilicity and to achieve higher gray-to-white matter contrast. We aimed to assess its diagnostic value in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and pharmacokinetics characteristics in human subjects. Methods: Six healthy controls (HCs) and nine AD patients underwent dynamic PET examination with [18F]-Florbetazine and a structural MRI scan. The time-activity-curves (TACs) for volumes of interest (VOIs) in cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex and cerebral white matter was depicted and their standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) with cerebellar cortex as reference were compared between HCs and AD patients. The cerebral gray-to-white matter SUV ratio (GWR) was also calculated. Results: In HCs, radioactivities in the cerebral cortex VOIs were homogeneously low and at the same level as in cerebellar cortex, while in AD patients, cortical VOIs expected to contain Aβ exhibited high radioactivity. Cerebral cortex SUVRs remain relatively low in HCs while keep increasing along with time in AD patients. After 15 min, the cerebral cortex SUVRs became significant higher in AD patients compared to HCs with 100 % discrimination accuracy. In AD patients, GWR remained over 1.3 for all time intervals and visual inspection showed lower uptake in cerebral white matter compared to cerebral cortex. Conclusion: [18F]-Florbetazine PET showed high uptake on Aβ plaques and high gray-to-white contrast in AD patients that are favorable in visual read. [18F]-Florbetazine can be potentially used for detection and quantification of Aβ depositions in the living human brain.

Food safety is a worldwide concern and is directly related to human health. Therefore, convenient, effective, and economical methods and technologies for food safety analysis have been developed continuously. Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have gained extensive attention in recent years, as they have high selectivity, high adsorption capacity, and are easy to isolate from food samples. Recently, advanced strategies for the synthesis of MMIPs have been proposed to solve problems of template leakage and non-specific adsorption, and to increase the biocompatibility, adsorption rate, as well as adsorption capacity of the imprinted materials. In this review, we focus on new attempts at modification of magnetic core and MMIPs’ surfaces, and the selection of template, functional monomer, cross-linker as well as porogen. Studies are summarized that used advanced MMIPs for the recognition and adsorption of pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins, contaminants, and adulterations in foodstuffs over the last 5 years. Finally, some still existing challenges and future prospects to further promote MMIPs properties are also discussed.

Abstract Background Brain metastasis (BM) is most common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study aims to enhance BM risk prediction within three years for advanced NSCLC patients by using a deep learning-based segmentation and computed tomography (CT) radiomics-based ensemble learning model. Methods This retrospective study included 602 stage IIIA-IVB NSCLC patients, 309 BM patients and 293 non-BM patients, from two centers. Patients were divided into a training cohort (N = 376), an internal validation cohort (N = 161) and an external validation cohort (N = 65). Lung tumors were first segmented by using a three-dimensional (3D) deep residual U-Net network. Then, a total of 1106 radiomics features were computed by using pretreatment lung CT images to decode the imaging phenotypes of primary lung cancer. To reduce the dimensionality of the radiomics features, recursive feature elimination configured with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regularization method was applied to select the optimal image features after removing the low-variance features. An ensemble learning algorithm of the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier was used to train and build a prediction model by fusing radiomics features and clinical features. Finally, Kaplan‒Meier (KM) survival analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of the prediction score generated by the radiomics–clinical model. Results The fused model achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.91 ± 0.01, 0.89 ± 0.02 and 0.85 ± 0.05 on the training and two validation cohorts, respectively. Through KM survival analysis, the risk score generated by our model achieved a significant prognostic value for BM-free survival (BMFS) and overall survival (OS) in the two cohorts (P

With the large-scale mining of coal resources, there are more and more potential hazards of coal mine geological disasters. Coal mine disaster accidents often have the characteristics of suddenness, contingency and complex. Information technology can quickly integrate and process multi-source information, which is an important support for effective rescue. The article is based on the actual situation of coal mine safety production, combined with the business characteristics of geological exploration units, based on the analysis of system requirements, this paper designs the system functions, puts forward the key technologies and implementation methods of system construction, and develops and constructs an information system that meets the actual needs of coal mine geological emergency rescue. Taking a coal mine in Ningnan Coalfield as an example, the rationality of the system function is verified.

Abstract Background To explore the diagnostic value of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) in preoperative N Staging of gastric cancer patients. Methods According to the MR-defined EMVI scoring standard of rectal cancer, we developed a 5-point scale scoring system to evaluate the status of CT-detected extramural vascular invasion(ctEMVI), 0–2 points were ctEMVI-negative status, and 3–4 points were positive status for ctEMVI. Patients were divided into ctEMVI positive group and ctEMVI negative group. The correlation between ctEMVI and clinical features was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ctEMVI for pathological metastatic lymph nodes and N staging, The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of pathological N staging using ctEMVI and short-axis diameter were generated and compared. Results The occurrence rate of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and proportion of tumors with a greatest diameter > 6 cm in the ctEMVI positive group was higher than that in the ctEMVI negative group (P

Age-associated deterioration of physiological functions occur at heterogeneous rates across individual organs. A granular evaluation of systemic metabolic mediators of aging in a healthy human cohort (n = 225) identified prominent increases in circulating uremic toxins that were recapitulated in mice, on which we further characterized the aging phenome across five peripheral organs. Our multi-omics analyses connected systemic aging profiles primarily to kidney metabolism, uncovering a metabolic association between localized glucosylceramide (GluCer) accretion and renal functional decline. Elevated GluCers were also associated with higher risk of deaths in an independent cohort of aged individuals (n = 271). We report GluCer-mTOR signaling commencing at late middle-age that disrupts mitophagy and undermines mitochondrial respiration in kidney. Conserved between human and mice, GluCer-mediated renal dysfunction is female-biased and modulated by intracellular purines. Our work provides molecular basis for the sexually disparate effects of mTOR inhibition on mammalian lifespan, possibly ascribed to the evolutionary cost of female reproduction.

This work develops a model for natural convection in annuli with internal heat sources based on Graph Convolution Network (GCN), achieving rapid prediction by directly establishing the mapping relationship between the geometric features and the temperature field. The GCN learns node features and connections between nodes in data structures. Compared with traditional machine learning networks, GCN exhibits greater advantages in handling complex geometric shapes and unstructured nodes. In this study, numerous data samples were constructed with various geometric features, e.g., varying sizes, positions, and quantities of internal heat sources. The results indicate that a fully trained GCN was capable to adaptively predict temperature field distributions with arbitrary heat source sizes, positions, and quantities. The mean prediction errors of GCN for the temperature field are around 0.17 %, 0.32 %, and 0.85 %, for the single, double, and triple heat sources cases, respectively. Furthermore, the GCN prediction performance was also compared with surrogate models by the convolutional, and fully connected neural networks (CNN and FNN), which shows an improvement of 88.1 % and 84.8 %, respectively. Therefore, compared with numerical results and other surrogate models, the proposed model presents superior geometric adaptability, high prediction accuracy and a remarkable enhancement in computational efficiency (three orders of magnitude).

Ultrasound-stimulated contrast agents have gained significant attention in the field of tumor treatment as drug delivery systems. However, their limited drug-loading efficiency and the issue of bulky, imprecise release have resulted in inadequate drug concentrations at targeted tissues. Herein, we developed a highly efficient approach for doxorubicin (DOX) precise release at tumor site and real-time feedback via an integrated strategy of “programmable ultrasonic imaging guided accurate nanodroplet destruction for drug release” (PND). We synthesized DOX-loaded nanodroplets (DOX-NDs) with improved loading efficiency (15 %) and smaller size (mean particle size: 358 nm). These DOX-NDs exhibited lower ultrasound activation thresholds (2.46 MPa). By utilizing a single diagnostic transducer for both ultrasound stimulation and imaging guidance, we successfully vaporized the DOX-NDs and released the drug at the tumor site in 4 T1 tumor-bearing mice. Remarkably, the PND group achieved similar tumor remission effects with less than half the dose of DOX required in conventional treatment. Furthermore, the ultrasound-mediated vaporization of DOX-NDs induced tumor cell apoptosis with minimal damage to surrounding normal tissues. In summary, our PND strategy offers a precise and programmable approach for drug delivery and therapy, combining ultrasound imaging guidance. This approach shows great potential in enhancing tumor treatment efficacy while minimizing harm to healthy tissues.

BackgroundPreeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication defined by new onset hypertension and proteinuria or other maternal organ damage after 20 weeks of gestation. Although non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been widely used to detect fetal chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy, its performance in combination with maternal risk factors to screen for PE has not been extensively validated. Our aim was to develop and validate classifiers that predict early- or late-onset PE using the maternal plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) profile and clinical risk factors.MethodsWe retrospectively collected and analyzed NIPT data of 2,727 pregnant women aged 24–45 years from four hospitals in China, which had previously been used to screen for fetal aneuploidy at 12 + 0 ~ 22 + 6 weeks of gestation. According to the diagnostic criteria for PE and the time of diagnosis (34 weeks of gestation), a total of 143 early-, 580 late-onset PE samples and 2,004 healthy controls were included. The wilcoxon rank sum test was used to identify the cfDNA profile for PE prediction. The Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to compare categorical and continuous variables of clinical risk factors between PE samples and healthy controls, respectively. Machine learning methods were performed to develop and validate PE classifiers based on the cfDNA profile and clinical risk factors.ResultsBy using NIPT data to analyze cfDNA coverages in promoter regions, we found the cfDNA profile, which was differential cfDNA coverages in gene promoter regions between PE and healthy controls, could be used to predict early- and late-onset PE. Maternal age, body mass index, parity, past medical histories and method of conception were significantly differential between PE and healthy pregnant women. With a false positive rate of 10%, the classifiers based on the combination of the cfDNA profile and clinical risk factors predicted early- and late-onset PE in four datasets with an average accuracy of 89 and 80% and an average sensitivity of 63 and 48%, respectively.ConclusionIncorporating cfDNA profiles in classifiers might reduce performance variations in PE models based only on clinical risk factors, potentially expanding the application of NIPT in PE screening in the future.

Abstract Background This study seeks to assess the utility of T1 and T2 mapping in distinguishing metastatic lymph nodes from reactive lymphadenopathy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as a comparison. Methods Between July 2017 and November 2019, 46 HNSCC patients underwent neck MRI inclusive of T1 and T2 mapping and DWI. Quantitative measurements derived from preoperative T1 and T2 mapping and DWI of metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes were compared using independent samples t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic curves and the DeLong test were employed to determine the most effective diagnostic methodology. Results We examined a total of 122 lymph nodes, 45 (36.9%) of which were metastatic proven by pathology. Mean T2 values for metastatic lymph nodes were significantly lower than those for benign lymph nodes (p

Objective To compare outcomes of posterior fossa bony decompression alone (PFD) versus PFD with duraplasty (PFDD) versus PFDD with additional obex exploration (PFDDO) in patients with Chiari malformation type I (CMI) combining syringomyelia. Methods Clinical records of adult patients who underwent decompressions from 2014 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The decompression procedure was individualized based on the cerebrospinal fluid pulse in the surgical field. The Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS) was used to assess the prognosis of the patients and a novel syringomyelia resolution scale, based on 3-dimensional volume, was introduced. The percentage change in the cervical syrinx volume was classified as follows by resolution: ≥ 70%, 30%–70%, and < 30%. Results Seventy-eight individuals were enrolled, of which 22, 20, and 36 underwent PFD, PFDD, and PFDDO, respectively. The three decompression groups had no significant difference in the preoperative characteristics and postoperative prognosis. Multivariate analyses revealed that better CCOS was significantly correlated with younger age at surgery (p = 0.018), syrinx originated from lower cervical levels (p = 0.037), narrower preoperative cerebral aqueduct (p = 0.005), and better syrinx volume resolution (p = 0.004). Additionally, a better cervical syrinx volume resolution was significantly correlated with higher CCOS (p = 0.017), narrower cerebral aqueduct (p = 0.035), and better tonsillar descent resolution (p = 0.007). Conclusion Individualized functional decompression induced an equal effect on CCOS and syrinx volume resolution for all CMI patients with syringomyelia. Our syringomyelia resolution scale facilitates communication and prediction of CMI prognosis.

The fractal dimension (FD) is an effective indicator to characterize various signals in engineering. However, the FD is nearly twice that of its maximum value when examining high-frequency-dominant signals, such as those in milling chatter. Previous studies in the literature have generally employed signal-pre-processing methods that require a significant amount of time to lower the FD range, thus enabling the distinguishment of different states while disabling online monitoring. A new quantitative method based on the FD within a fixed interval was constructed in this study to address this issue. First, the relationship between the fixed-interval fractal dimension (FFD) and the energy ratio (ER), named the fractal complexity curve (FC-Curve), was established, and the sensitivity region of the FFD was determined. Second, a high-frequency suppression filter (HSF) with a high calculation speed was proposed to suppress the signal’s ER so the FFD could be adjusted within its sensitivity region. Moreover, a fast energy ratio (FER) correlated with the FFD was proposed using the FC-Curve and HSF to quantitatively analyze dominant high-frequency signals. Finally, the proposed method was verified via its application in milling chatter identification. The FER method accomplished signal analysis more quickly than the traditional energy ratio difference and entropy methods, demonstrating its feasibility for online monitoring and chatter suppression in practical engineering applications.

Composite materials are widely used in the new generation of aviation equipment due to their comprehensive performance. However, the part fixture is usually difficult during the machining of composites with soft and brittle characteristics, such as the Nomex honeycomb. Therefore, the holding method based on the false boss connection can be utilized due to its advantages of low cost, less pollution, and a short preparation period. In this study, the method to determine and optimize the critical parameters of the false boss design is proposed to address the issue that they previously relied heavily on the experience of engineers, which often results in much waste of materials. To determine the critical parameters, a simulation model is constructed for Nomex honeycomb core parts machining with a false boss holding. Based on the simulation model, the stability of the machining process is analyzed, and the weak link of the false boss between different milling areas is studied. Furthermore, the difference in the shape of different parts is considered, and the reasonable critical parameters of the false boss are obtained through analysis.

In recent years, the utilization of cloud technology has witnessed a surge, particularly in the domains of industrial automation and intelligent scenarios. However, the prevailing spring fatigue testing machine is still in the traditional single-machine working mode. In this mode, there are many problems such as low automation of testing equipment, poor experimental site environment, and the need for experimenters to be on duty for a long time. In order to solve the above problems, this paper builds a cloud-based remote monitoring and control system based on the high-temperature constant-force spring fatigue testing machine. The system is based on Browser/Server architecture, and clients can access it anytime and anywhere using a browser in a public network environment. The server is hosted on a public cloud platform and includes website service, data storage service, WebSocket real-time communication service, and remote video monitoring service. Clients can remotely monitor and control the testing machine in real time through the cloud. After experimental verification, the real-time monitoring and control messages delay is 11 ms, and the video monitoring delay is 291 ms, which can meet the actual needs of remote spring fatigue testing. This remote monitoring and control system improves the automation of the spring fatigue testing machine and improves the working environment of the experimenters. In addition, it can be applied to other reliability testing machines in the laboratory, and can further help build a workshop-level remote monitoring and control platform.

Transition metal selenides have the leading position in the field of energy storage and conversion due to their high theoretical capacity, good electrical conductivity, and cycling stability. Nickel is widely used for the construction of positive electrodes in devices due to its good conductivity, variable valence state, and ideal redox activity. NiSe materials have high internal resistance and are prone to volume change during charging and discharging, thus affecting the practical application of this electrode material, and the reported NiSe materials have not achieved a more desirable capacity value. Therefore, in this study, N, P-NiSe nanoelectrode materials were prepared using nickel foam as the nickel source and hexachlorocyclotriphonitrile as the nitrogen and phosphorus dopant using an efficient, energy-saving, and simple microwave method. It was also characterised by XRD and XPS to confirm the successful preparation of N, P-NiSe materials. In addition, the material yielded a high capacitance value (3184 F g−1) and good cycling stability (72% of the initial capacitance value was retained after 4000 cycles) in electrochemical tests. To demonstrate its excellent suitability for practical applications, an asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled using N, P-NiSe as the anode and activated carbon as the cathode. At an operating voltage of 1.6 V, the device achieved an energy density of 289.06 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 799.26 W kg−1 and retained 80% of its initial capacity after 20,000 cycles.

Within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization framework, we compute the long-awaited O(αs2) corrections for the exclusive double charmonium production process at B factories, i.e., e+e−→J/ψ+ηc at s=10.58 GeV. We confirm that NRQCD factorization does hold at next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) for exclusive double charmonium production. It is found that including the NNLO QCD correction considerably reduces the renormalization scale dependence, and also implies the reasonable perturbative convergence behavior for this process. We also include both O(v2) and O(αsv2) corrections for this process. With all the available corrections lumped together, our most comprehensive prediction is consistent with both the BaBar and Belle measurement within errors.

Summary: Meaningful auditory memories are formed in adults when acoustic information is delivered to the auditory cortex during heightened states of attention, vigilance, or alertness, as mediated by neuromodulatory circuits. Here, we identify that, in awake mice, acoustic stimulation triggers auditory thalamocortical projections to release adenosine, which prevents cortical plasticity (i.e., selective expansion of neural representation of behaviorally relevant acoustic stimuli) and perceptual learning (i.e., experience-dependent improvement in frequency discrimination ability). This sound-evoked adenosine release (SEAR) becomes reduced within seconds when acoustic stimuli are tightly paired with the activation of neuromodulatory (cholinergic or dopaminergic) circuits or periods of attentive wakefulness. If thalamic adenosine production is enhanced, then SEAR elevates further, the neuromodulatory circuits are unable to sufficiently reduce SEAR, and associative cortical plasticity and perceptual learning are blocked. This suggests that transient low-adenosine periods triggered by neuromodulatory circuits permit associative cortical plasticity and auditory perceptual learning in adults to occur.

Summary: Generating large-scale, high-fidelity sequencing data is challenging and, furthermore, not much has been done to characterize adjuvants’ effects at the repertoire level. Thus, we introduced an IgSeq pipeline that standardized library prep protocols and data analysis functions for accurate repertoire profiling. We then studied systemically effects of CpG and Alum on the Ig heavy chain repertoire using the ovalbumin (OVA) murine model. Ig repertoires of different tissues (spleen and bone marrow) and isotypes (IgG and IgM) were examined and compared in IGHV mutation, gene usage, CDR3 length, clonal diversity, and clonal selection. We found Ig repertoires of different compartments exhibited distinguishable profiles at the non-immunized steady state, and distinctions became more pronounced upon adjuvanted immunizations. Notably, Alum and CpG effects exhibited different tissue- and isotype-preferences. The former led to increased diversity of abundant clones in bone marrow, and the latter promoted the selection of IgG clones in both tissues.

Nomex® honeycomb composites (NHCs) with circular arc features are a challenging issue in the machining of aviation curved structural components. Compared to linear feature machining, arc feature machining involves six-axis coordinated motion, introducing additional variables. Directly referencing the linear feature machining process will lead to the deterioration of contour accuracy and surface quality in arc-trajectory machining (ATM). To further explore the influence of process variables on ATM, this study developed an error model for straight blade tool (SBT) ATM and investigated the influence of cutting-edge lead angles (γ) on contour accuracy and surface quality. A vertical cutting process was proposed, and experiments proved it provided the optimal machining quality (the defect rate of core cells was only 3.93 %) compared to forward and backward inclination cutting (7.23 %∼34.3 % and 9.71 %∼17.36 %, respectively). Additionally, it was revealed that the main reason for the deterioration of surface quality on ATM was the excessive angle between the cutting edge direction and the feed direction. Based on the results above, the influence and optimization of cutting-edge lead angles were revealed, and the advantage of vertical cutting process for machining NHCs with arc-trajectory was demonstrated. This research provides a feasible method for the machining of NHCs with arc-trajectory using SBT.

【Objective】The study aims to establish a tissue culture and rapid propagation system for salt-tolerant Photinia benthamiana Hance.【Method】The stem segments of salt-tolerant Photinia benthamiana Hance seedlings were used as experimental materials. The orthogonal test design and variance analysis were used to explore the best sterilization treatment of explants, axillary bud induction, adventitious bud proliferation and optimal medium for rooting culture.【Result】The best sterilization method of salt-tolerant Photinia benthamiana Hance stems with buds was as follows: rinsing with washing powder for 20 minutes, washing with running water for 60 minutes, then sterilizi ng with 75% ethanol for 10 seconds and with 0.15% mercuric chloride for 3 minutes, and washing with sterile water for 5 times. The survival rate of explants was the highest, which was 76.67%. The optimal induction medium MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+30 g/L sucrose+5.5 g/L agar was conducive to axillary bud induction. Under this culture condition, the induction rate was 73.33%, the average number of buds was 1.03, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the leaves of adventitious buds were green and grew well. The proliferation medium 1/2MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA+30 g/L sucrose+5.5 g/L agar was beneficial to the proliferation of adventitious buds. Under this culture condition, the proliferation coefficient was 3.1, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the adventitious buds had more differentiation, with green leaves and good growth. The rooting medium 1/2MS+0.4 mg/L IBA+30 g/L sucrose+5.5 g/L agar was beneficial to the rooting of adventitious buds. Under this culture condition, the rooting rate was 87%, the average number of roots was 6.22, and the average root length was 3.78 cm, significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the roots were robust.【Conclusion】In the study, the tissue culture and rapid propagation system for salt-tolerant Photinia benthamiana Hance is preliminarily established, which provides seedling support for the utilization of coastal tidal flats.

【Objective】The study aims to explore the effects of silicon on the physiological characteristics of Cryptocoryne parva test-tube seedlings, and provide theoretical and technical support for increasing the survival rate of transplanting in high temperature season.【Method】The adventitious buds of C. parva were used as materials, and the single factor test method was used to explore the effects of different silicon sources (potassium silicate, sodium silicate, calcium silicate and silica) and silicon concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 g/L) on the proliferation coefficient, soluble sugar and soluble protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of C. parva test-tube seedlings, and the best silicon source and silicon concentration were selected. The selected system was used in the rooting medium of adventitious buds, and high temperature and high humidity stress were performed after transplanting, with no silicon treatment as the control, to study its effect on the stress resistance characteristics of mini C. parva.【Result】Except for the treatment with 0.6 g/L potassium silicate, there was no significant difference in proliferation coefficient of the adventitious bud of C. parva and that of CK, and the rest treatments were significantly lower than CK. The soluble sugar content of adventitious buds treated with potassium silicate and sodium silicate was significantly higher than that of CK after 25 days of culture. After treatment with 0.4 g/L sodium silicate, the soluble sugar content increased by 97.92% compared with that of CK. After adding silicon dioxide, the soluble protein content of adventitious buds treated with each concentration was significantly higher than that of CK, with an increase of 13.49%-26.63%. The addition of four silicon sources increased the POD and SOD activities of adventitious buds in different degrees. The SOD activity of adventitious buds treated with calcium silicate and silicon dioxide increased by 13.49%-62.87% and 0.86%-75.85%, respectively, compared with CK. After adding 0.2 g/L sodium silicate, the SOD activity of adventitious buds increased by 45.43% compared with CK. The MDA content of adventitious buds treated with silicon was significantly lower than that of CK, and the indexes were the best when 0.6 g/L potassium silicate was added, that is, the proliferation coefficient of adventitious buds was 2.67. In addition, compared with CK, the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein increased by 95.39% and 27.34% respectively, the activities of POD and SOD increased by 137.67% and 39.01% respectively, and the content of MDA decreased by 56.20%. After 5 days of high temperature and high humidity stress, the soluble sugar, soluble protein, chlorophyll contents and the POD and SOD activities of adventitious buds treated with 0.6 g/L potassium silicate treatment were significantly higher than those in CK.【Conclusion】When the mini adventitious buds of C. parva treated with MS + 6-BA 4.0 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L + AD 10 mg/L + potassium silicate 0.6 g/L, the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein and the activities of POD and SOD are significantly higher than those of CK, and it is helpful to enhance the stress resistance of mini C. parva seedlings under high temperature and high humidity environment.

The three-dimensional (3D) self-supporting Pt nanoflower catalyst was prepared by using Pt organic compounds as precursors in a low-temperature molten salt system. The obtained Pt nanoflower nanoparticle can reach 400–500 nm with a face-centered cubic structure, which has the structural characteristics of a loose framework and more exposed active sites. The surfactant-free Pt nanoflower was directly used as methanol electrooxidation reaction (MOR) electrocatalysts without any pretreatment and activated carbon support. The results of electrochemical catalytic oxidation of methanol showed that the Pt nanoflower catalyst exhibit more enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation performance toward methanol compared with the commercial platinum black catalyst. The green and effective method can be developed and expected to enable mass production of fuel cell catalysts.

Abstract Objectives To validate the correlation between histopathological findings and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) fat fraction (FF) and water T2 mapping in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). Methods The study included 13 patients with histopathologically confirmed IIM who underwent dedicated thigh qMRI scanning within 1 month before open muscle biopsy. For the biopsied muscles, FF derived from the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation quantitation (IDEAL-IQ) and T2 time from T2 mapping with chemical shift selective fat saturation were measured using a machine learning software. Individual histochemical and immunohistochemical slides were evaluated using a 5-point Likert score. Inter-reader agreement and the correlation between qMRI markers and histopathological scores were analyzed. Results Readers showed good to perfect agreement in qMRI measurements and most histopathological scores. FF of the biopsied muscles was positively correlated with the amount of fat in histopathological slides (p = 0.031). Prolonged T2 time was associated with the degree of variation in myofiber size, inflammatory cell infiltration, and amount of connective tissues (p ≤ 0.008 for all). Conclusions Using the machine learning-based muscle segmentation method, a positive correlation was confirmed between qMRI biomarkers and histopathological findings of patients with IIM. This finding provides a basis for using qMRI as a non-invasive tool in the diagnostic workflow of IIM. Relevance statement By using ML-based muscle segmentation, a correlation between qMRI biomarkers and histopathology was found in patients with IIM: qMRI is a potential non-invasive tool in this clinical setting. Key points • Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging measurements using machine learning-based muscle segmentation have good consistency and reproductivity. • Fat fraction of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) correlated with the amount of fat at histopathology. • Prolonged T2 time was associated with muscle inflammation in IIM. Graphical Abstract

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and RNF216 gene mutation of a patient with Gordon Holmes syndrome (GHS), and to improve the understanding of the genetic and clinica characteristics of this disease through literature review. Methods We collected the clinical data of the patient with GHS, extracted the DNA from 2 mL peripheral venous blood of the patient and his parents for whole exome gene detection, and then we analyzed the clinical and genetic characteristics of all previously reported patients with RNF216 gene mutation. Results The young male patient was short in stature at sixyearsold and was diagnosed growth hormone deficiency.He had no secondary sexual characteristics by the age of 15 and was diagnosed hypogonadal hypogonadism.After the age of 22, he gradually developed abnormal gait and had progressive decline in speech, motor, and cognitive functions.Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous, nonsense mutation c.1549C>T (p.R517*) in the RNF216 gene.His parents were consanguineous and were heterozygous carriers of the mutations with phenotypic normality.Combined with literature review and this case report results showed that a total of 21 patients of the disease in the world and among them 15 had pathogenic variants of RNF216 gene mutation.7 of the 15 had truncated mutations, 5 had missense mutations, and 1 synonym mutation, 1 splice mutation, and 1 deletion mutation respectively.RNF216 gene mutation can be seen in neurodegenerative diseases with multiple overlapping symptoms of GHS, Huntington-like disease, and 4H syndrome.The main clinical manifestations are hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and early-onset progressive neurological dysfunction in adolescence or early adulthood.The median age of onset of neurological symptoms is 28 years old, featuring cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, and cognitive impairment, as well as imaging manifestations of extensive white matter lesions and cerebellar atrophy. Conclusions The mutation of RNF216 gene can cause GHS.Genetic testing is helpful to the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of two preparation methods on the image quality of bladder cancer magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the diagnostic performance of differentiation of muscular invasion of bladder cancer. Methods: 76 cases of bladder cancer patients underwent preoperative MRI. They were divided into two groups and underwent two different bladder preparation methods respectively. The image quality of the two methods on high-resolution T2WI combined with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE) was compared. To determine whether the MR images of the two groups of patients have any influence on the diagnostic performance of the bladder cancer lesions in muscle invasion. Results: The consistency between the two readers was good. Compared with group B (urinate 2 hours prior to bladder MRI with no drinking), group A (after 4 to 6 hours of fasting, inject about 100 ml of physiological saline into the bladder before the examination through the catheter) had a better bladder filling degree. In terms of diagnostic efficiency, the sensitivity and accuracy of group A in diagnosing muscle-invasive bladder cancer were higher than those of group B, the difference has no statistically significant. Conclusion: Injecting an appropriate volume of physiological saline into the bladder before MR examination can be used as a clinical assistant bladder preparation method which help patients with bladder cancer properly fill the bladder, improve the quality of magnetic resonance images, and help improve the diagnosis of bladder cancer with magnetic resonance.

Background: Suppressor APC domain containing 2 (SAPCD2) is involved in cell cycle regulation and its mRNA levels are higher in cancer tissues. But, the function of SAPCD2 in cancer development remains unclear.Objective: To generate mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to SAPCD2 and thus clarify the function of SAPCD2 in the development of gastric carcinoma (GC).Methods: Purified SAPCD2-GST immunized BALB/c mouse spleen cells were collected and fused with myeloma cells to obtain monoclonal antibody hybridoma. A group of monoclonal antibodies exhibiting high specificity and sensitivity against SAPCD2 has been generated and characterized by IHC, WB, IP, IF, and ELISA. By immunohistochemical analysis, the SAPCD2 expression was evaluated in 228 clinical samples of gastric mucosal lesions, including precancerous lesions and GC samples.Results: We identified a highly specific and sensitive clone of s12 in eukaryotic cells and performed an IHC analysis. We found that 81.3% of 107 GC tissues were SAPCD2-positive, compared with the 26.2% in the matched adjacent normal-appearing tissues (P

Abstract Hypomagnesemia (HypoMg) can cause seizures and death, but the mechanism is unknown. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M 7 (TRPM7) is a Mg transporter with both channel and kinase function. In this study, we focused on the kinase role of TRPM7 in HypoMg-induced seizures and death. Wild type C57BL/6J mice and transgenic mice with a global homozygous mutation in the TRPM7 kinase domain (TRPM7K1646R, with no kinase function) were fed with control diet or a HypoMg diet. After 6 weeks of HypoMg diet, mice had significantly decreased serum Mg, elevated brain TRPM7, and a significant rate of death, with females being most susceptible. Deaths were immediately preceded by seizure events. TRPM7K1646R mice showed resistance to seizure-induced death. HypoMg-induced brain inflammation and oxidative stress were suppressed by TRPM7K1646R. Compared to their male counterparts, HypoMg female mice had higher levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. We concluded that TRPM7 kinase function contributes seizure-induced deaths in HypoMg mice and that inhibiting the kinase reduced inflammation and oxidative stress.

Abstract Background Ti3C2 is a type of transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) with high light-to-heat conversion efficiency property, which has been widely used in cancer treatment recently. In fact, active targeting delivery of MXenes nanomaterials with targeting molecule could enhance the therapeutic efficacy. However, targeted therapy of MXenes has not been further studied in the past. Aptamers (Apt) with excellent affinity and high specificity properties have been widely used as targeting tools. Predictably, the incorporation of Apt into Ti3C2 nanomaterials will offer an unprecedented opportunity in the research fields of cancer targeted therapy. Results Transmembrane glycoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1) is overexpressed on the surface of MCF-7 cells, and MUC1 Apt (Apt-M) could target MCF-7 cells with high affinity and specificity. Here, a smart targeting nanotherapeutic system Ti3C2/Apt-M was fabricated, which could specifically recognize and enter in MCF-7 cells. Benefitting from the desirable targeted performance of Apt-M, MCF-7 cells completed the ingestion process of Ti3C2/Apt-Mf nanosheets within 4 h, and Apt-M facilitated the entry of the Ti3C2/Apt-Mf nanosheets into MCF-7 cells. Besides, Ti3C2/Apt-M nanosheets exhibited the potential as an outstanding photothermal agent (PTA) because of the photothermal performance inherited from wrapped Ti3C2 nanosheets. As demonstrated, upon 808 nm laser irradiation, the Ti3C2/Apt-M nanotherapeutic system displayed a satisfactory antitumor effect by targeted photothermal therapy both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion This study provides a new idea for the development of MXenes nanotherapeutic system with high active targeting performance. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background To investigate the value of preoperative computed tomography (CT) texture features, routine imaging features, and clinical features in the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after radical resection. Methods Demographic parameters and clinically features were analyzed in 107 patients with stage I-IIIB NSCLC, while 73 of these patients received CT scanning and radiomic characteristics for prognosis assessment. Texture analysis features include histogram, gray size area matrix and gray co-occurrence matrix features. The clinical risk features were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic analyses. By incorporating the radiomics score (Rad-score) and clinical risk features with multivariate cox regression, a combined nomogram was built. The nomogram performance was assessed by its calibration, clinical usefulness and Harrell’s concordance index (C-index). The 5-year OS between the dichotomized subgroups was compared using Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis and the log-rank test. Results Consisting of 4 selected features, the radiomics signature showed a favorable discriminative performance for prognosis, with an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84 ~ 0.97). The nomogram, consisting of the radiomics signature, N stage, and tumor size, showed good calibration. The nomogram also exhibited prognostic ability with a C-index of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.86–0.95) for OS. The decision curve analysis indicated that the nomogram was clinically useful. According to the KM survival curves, the low-risk group had higher 5-year survival rate compared to high-risk. Conclusion The as developed nomogram, combining with preoperative radiomics evidence, N stage, and tumor size, has potential to preoperatively predict the prognosis of NSCLC with a high accuracy and could assist to treatment for the NSCLC patients in the clinic.

Background White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are areas of increased signal intensity on T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). WMH penumbra may be a potential target for early intervention in WMHs. We explored the relationship between angiogenesis and WMH penumbra in patients with WMHs. Methods and Results Twenty‐one patients with confluent WMHs of Fazekas grade ≥2 were included. All the participants underwent 68Ga‐NOTA‐PRGD2 positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. WMH penumbra was analyzed with masks created for the WMH and 7 normal‐appearing white matter layers; each layer was dilated away from the WMH by 2 mm. Angiogenesis array and ELISA were used to detect the serum levels of angiogenic factors, inflammatory factors, HIF‐1 alpha, and S100B. Fourteen patients with increased 68Ga‐NOTA‐PRGD2 maximum standardized uptake (>0.17) were classified into group 2. Seven patients with maximum standardized uptake ≤0.17 were classified as group 1. WMH volume and serum levels of integrin αvβ3, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 22, and interleukin‐1β tended to be higher in group 2 than in group 1. In group 2, 68Ga‐NOTA‐PRGD2 uptake was significantly increased at the border between the WMH and normal‐appearing white matter than in WMHs (P=0.004). The structure penumbra, defined by fractional anisotropy, was wider in group 2 (8 mm) than in group 1 (2 mm). The cerebral blood flow penumbra was 12 mm in both groups. Angiogenesis showed a correlation with reduced cerebral blood flow and microstructure integrity. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that angiogenesis occurs in the WMH penumbra. Further studies are warranted to verify the effect of angiogenesis on WMH growth.

Abstract The segmentation of athlete knee joint injury images can provide doctors with information about the location and extent of the athlete knee joint injury. Therefore, it is significant to segment the images of athlete knee joint injury. However, the traditional image segmentation method of athlete knee injury has the problems of low accuracy of mask region extraction, completion time of extraction and high error rate of segmentation. In the paper, we propose image segmentation method for athlete knee joint injury using the transformer model by the medical Internet of Things (MIoT). First, the MIoT was used as a way to obtain images of knee joint injury of athletes, and the images of knee joint injury of athletes were derived using the MIoT. Second, the exported image is input into the shadow expansion layer of the transformer model, which performs shadow expansion on the athlete knee joint injury image to obtain its mask region, and then the image is input into the patch embedding layer. Finally, after the patch embedding layer extracts the mask patch of the athlete knee joint injury image, the mask patch is input into the transformer block for down-sampling and up-sampling processing, and then the athlete knee joint injury image segmentation result is output using the end backpropagation layer. The results show that the proposed method has a low error rate in extracting the mask region from the knee joint injury image of athletes, and a short completion time for extracting the mask region, the most detailed and comprehensive segmented athlete knee joint injury image, the maximum error rate of image segmentation is only 6.8%, and the maximum value of segmentation time is only 3.96s. It has important research value in the field of athlete knee joint injury diagnosis.

In recent years, fossil fuel resources have become increasingly rare and caused a variety of problems, with a global impact on economy, society and environment. To tackle this challenge, we must promote the development and diffusion of alternative fuel technologies. The use of cleaner fuels can reduce not only economic cost but also the emission of gaseous pollutants that deplete the ozone layer and accelerate global warming. To select an optimal alternative fuel, different fuzzy decision analysis methodologies can be utilized. In comparison to other extensions of fuzzy sets, the T-spherical fuzzy set is an emerging tool to cope with uncertainty by quantifying acceptance, abstention and rejection jointly. It provides a general framework to unify various fuzzy models including fuzzy sets, picture fuzzy sets, spherical fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Pythagorean fuzzy sets and generalized orthopair fuzzy sets. Meanwhile, decision makers prefer to employ linguistic terms when expressing qualitative evaluation in real-life applications. In view of these facts, we develop an extended multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) method for solving multiple attribute group decision-making problems in this study. Firstly, the combination of T-spherical fuzzy sets with 2-tuple linguistic representation is presented, which provides a general framework for expressing and computing qualitative evaluation. Secondly, we put forward four kinds of 2-tuple linguistic T-spherical fuzzy aggregation operators by considering the Heronian mean operator. We investigate some fundamental properties of the proposed 2-tuple linguistic T-spherical fuzzy aggregation operators. Lastly, an extended MABAC method based on the 2-tuple linguistic T-spherical fuzzy generalized weighted Heronian mean and the 2-tuple linguistic T-spherical fuzzy weighted geometric Heronian mean operators is developed. For illustration, a case study on fuel technology selection with 2-tuple linguistic T-spherical fuzzy information is also conducted. Moreover, we show the validity and feasibility of our approach by comparing it with several existing approaches.

The properties of a catalyst support are closely related to the catalyst activity, yet the focus is often placed on the active species, with little attention given to the support properties. In this work, we specifically investigated the changes in support properties after the addition of P, as well as their impact on catalyst activity when used for catalyst preparation. We prepared the CeO2-ZrO2-P2O5-Al2O3 (CeZrPAl) composite oxides using the sol–gel, impregnation, and mechanical mixing methods, and characterized the support properties using techniques such as XRD, XPS, SEM-EDS, N2 adsorption–desorption, and Raman spectra. The results showed that the support prepared using the sol–gel method can exhibit a more stable phase structure, larger surface area, higher adsorption capacity for oxygen species, and greater oxygen storage capacity. The addition of an appropriate amount of P is necessary. On the one hand, the crystallization and growth of CePO4 can lead to a decrease in the Ce content in the cubic phase ceria–zirconia solid solution, resulting in a phase separation of the ceria–zirconia solid solution. On the other hand, CePO4 can lock some of the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox pairs, leading to a reduction in the adsorption of oxygen species and a decrease in the oxygen storage capacity of the CeZrPAl composite oxides. The research results indicated that the optimal P addition is 6 wt.% in the support. Therefore, we prepared a Pd/CeZrPAl catalyst using CeZrAl with 6 wt.% P2O5 as the support and conducted the catalytic oxidation of C3H8. Compared with the support without P added, the catalyst activity of the support loaded with P was significantly improved. The fresh and aged (1000 °C/5 h) catalysts decreased by 20 °C and 5 °C in T50 (C3H8 conversion temperature of 50%), and by 81 °C and 15 °C in T90 (C3H8 conversion temperature of 90%), respectively.

Serious emergencies exacerbate the uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity of the external environment, creating survival challenges for organizations and employees. During emergencies, it becomes more difficult for organizations to leverage organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) from their employees to survive existential crises. From the perspective of resource exchange and investment, we explore the ways that organizations can collaboratively overcome difficulties by motivating their employees to engage in OCBs. Our findings show that (1) a psychosocial safety climate (PSC) that is adopted by an organization can effectively stimulate employee OCBs, which are of greater help to organizations than to coworkers, (2) resilience may be a psychological resource that explains the stimulating effect of a PSC on OCBs, and (3) employee trait gratitude enhances the role of resilience in mediating the relationship between a PSC and helping behaviors (but not civic virtue behaviors). Our findings not only reveal the mechanisms by which organizations can stimulate employee OCBs when the two face survival challenges during serious emergencies but also provide a recommendation for managers to focus on employee mental health and resilience during crises.

We compute the O(αs2) corrections to the exclusive channels e+e−→J/ψ+χcJ (J=0,1,2) at s=10.58 GeV within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization framework. The validity of NRQCD factorization at O(αs2) has been confirmed for these double-charmonium exclusive production processes. We analyze the impact of the O(αs2) corrections on the polarized and unpolarized cross sections, as well as the J/ψ angular distributions, which largely reduce the renormalization scale dependence but increase the O(αs) NRQCD predictions to some extent for χc0,1. With high numerical accuracy, our predictions for σ(J/ψ+χc1,2) through O(αs2) are compatible with the upper limit of the Belle measurement. Although the theoretical prediction for σ(J/ψ+χc0) is consistent with both Belle and BaBar measurements within uncertainties, there still exists serious tension between the predicted and the measured profiles for the J/ψ angular distribution. Regarding the bright observation prospect of the e+e−→J/ψ+χc1,2 channels in Belle 2 experiment, it is interesting to compare the future measurements with our NRQCD predictions. The more accurate measurement of e+e−→J/ψ+χ0 at Belle 2 will also help to clarify the long-standing puzzle of J/ψ angular distribution.

Context: Tumor metastasis is the major death factor in cancer patients. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an important cytokine promoting tumor metastasis and blocking TGF-β shows crucial antitumor application prospects. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), TGF-β is always highly activated and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are an important TGF-β promoting factor. It gives us a crucial inspiration that TGF-β in TME can be selectively inhibited by specifically correcting TGF-β promoters in TME. Gambogic acid (GA) is an anti-tumor natural product with the activity to inhibit tumor metastasis by preventing the expression of MMP-2, 9. In this study, we explored whether GA could inhibit tumor metastasis by blocking MMPs mediated TGF-β activation. Methods: Two extremely aggressive tumor cell lines, B16F10 melanoma and 4T1 breast carcinoma were chosen for this study. The in vitro protein expression level and mRNA level of MMPs were determined by ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. The cell mobility, invasion rate, and morphological changes with various treatments were depicted via scratches, transwell assay and immunofluorescence respectively. For further in vivo confirmation, animal models of melanoma, as well as breast cancer, were respectively established using the two cell lines, and metastasis together with related protein expression levels were estimated after treatment with GA. Results: GA could suppress the expression of MMP-2, 3, 9, which further blocked TGF-β activation. Meanwhile, GM6001 presented a consistent effect. Via inhibiting MMPs-mediated TGF-β upregulation, both GA and GM6001 could suppress the migration and invasion ability of tumor cells in vitro and inhibits tumor metastasis in vivo. Also, GA and GM6001 could downregulate TGF-β downstream signaling pathway. Therefore, the present study provide an important enlightenment for tumor control by specifically blocking TGF-β in TME without affecting normal function of TGF-β. Conclusions: GA can inhibit tumor metastasis by blocking MMPs mediated TGF-β activation. Specifically correcting complicated pro-TGF-β factors in TME may be a more appropriate strategy to suppress metastasis without affecting TGF-β normal function.

Alstonia R. Br. (Apocynaceae) is widely used in the traditional therapeutic systems. Due to its rich natural active ingredients, it is used in China, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Africa, Australia and other countries to treat malaria, dysentery, asthma, fever, epilepsy, skin diseases, snake bites, and so on. The aim of this review is to describe in detail the botanical properties, traditional uses, chemical compositions, pharmacological activities and toxicity of the genus Alstonia for analyzing the value of this plant in clinical applications. There was information on the genus Alstonia collected through the internet searches such as Baichain Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, PubMed, Wan Fang Database and ACS, etc. The keywords used include genus Alstonia, folk medicinal uses, botanical studies, chemical composition, pharmacological activities, bioactivities and other relevant terminology. The scientific names and geographic location of the genus Alstonia were provided in the Subject Database of the Flora of China, the Plant List (www.theplantlist.org), the WFO Plant List (www.worldfloraonline.org) and the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (http://wcsp.science.kew.org/qsearch.do). Currently, at least 400 compounds were isolated from genus Alstonia, including alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, volatile oils, phenolic acids, etc. Through extensive pharmacological experiments, it was demonstrated that genus Alstonia had good pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo, including β2AR, vasodilatory, antifungal, antineoplastic, antiplasmodial, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, analgesic, and radioprotective activities, etc. Many studies also confirmed that the combination of the genus Alstonia with other traditional Chinese medicines could improve effectiveness. This review demonstrates that the genus Alstonia has high clinical application and medicinal value, which will bring the attention of pharmacologists and clinicians to the territory of natural products Additionally, bioactivity-related mechanisms and structure–activity relationships of chemical components are not clear. Only by bridging the gap between bioactivity-related mechanisms and structure–activity relationships of chemical components can the development of Alstonia plants be further promoted.

Adding light stabilizers to polymeric materials can inhibit or delay the light aging effect and improve the light resistance of materials. 2-(2′-Hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole (UV-P), as a typical benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber, is widely used in various polymer synthetic materials and products owning to its outstanding oil resistance, color change resistance and low volatility. Currently, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to develop an environmentally friendly method to produce UV-P. Here, we introduce ionic liquids, tetra-butyl ammonium hydroxide, into the palladium-based catalyst, design a “transfer hydrogenation site - alkaline site” duel active center system, and investigate the physical and chemical properties and possible mechanism of this bifunction catalyst system. Such heterogeneous catalytic transfer hydrogenation method can remain 100% conversion and 93.86% selectivity. This bifunction catalyst also shows an outstanding stability when it was used for ten times, proving a green and efficient transfer hydrogenation method for the synthesis of UV-P.

Abstract We compute the O $$ \mathcal{O} $$ ( α s 3 $$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$ ) double-real-virtual (RRV) and double-virtual-real (VVR) soft contributions to the thrust/zero-jettiness event shape. The result clears up one of the most stubborn obstacles toward the complete O $$ \mathcal{O} $$ ( α s 3 $$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$ ) thrust soft function. The results presented here serve the key input to realize the next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic prime (N3LL’) resummation of the thrust event shape. The obtained results also constitutes the important ingredients of the N -jettiness-subtraction scheme at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO).