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Researches using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) have applied different regional measurements to study the intrinsic brain activity (IBA) of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Most previous studies have only examined the static characteristics of IBA in patients with PD, neglecting the dynamic features. We sought to explore the concordance between the dynamics of different rs-fMRI regional indices. This study included 31 healthy controls (HCs) and 57 PD patients to calculate the volume-wise (across voxels) and voxel-wise (across periods) concordance using a sliding time window approach. This allowed us to compare the concordance of dynamic alterations in frequently used metrics such as degree centrality (DC), global signal connectivity (GSC), voxel-mirrored heterotopic connectivity (VMHC), the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo). We analyzed the changes of concordance indices in the PD patients and investigated the relationship between aberrant concordance values and clinical/neuropsychological assessments in the PD patients. We found that, compared with the HCs, the PD patients had lower volume concordance in the whole brain and lower voxel-wise concordance in the posterior cerebellar lobe, cerebellar tonsils, superior temporal gyrus, and supplementary motor region. We also found negative correlations between these concordance alterations and patients’ age. The exploratory results contribute to a better understanding of IBA alterations and pathophysiological mechanisms in PD.

Gap- polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse dot-blot assay (RDB), real-time PCR based multicolor melting curve analysis (MMCA assay), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and Sanger sequencing are conventional methods to diagnose thalassemia but all of them have limitations. In this study, we applied single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing following multiplex long-range PCR to uncover rare mutations in nine patients and their family members. The patients with different results between Gap-PCR and MMCA assay or with phenotype not matching genotype were included. Using SMRT sequencing, we first identified the carriers with ααα

To study the effects of supplemental lighting with ultraviolet (UV), blue and red-blue lights on quality development of grape berries under protected cultivation to promote early maturing, four-year-old vines of 'Ruidu Xiangyu' grape using 'Beta' as rootstock were used in this experiment. The results indicated that blue and ultraviolet lights were poor in greenhouse environment. Compared with the control, blue and ultraviolet lights lasting 6 hours at night significantly accele-rated the increase of berry mass, fruit diameter, sugar content and the decrease of acidity content during the grape development, but the effect of red-blue light was not obvious. At the fruit maturation, berries supplemented with the three types of light were heavier, and those treated with the UV light were the heaviest. Additionally, grape berries supplemented with blue light had the highest glucose, fructose and total sugar contents, while the sugar contents in berries supplemented with UV light was lower than that under blue light and higher than that under the red-blue light. Volatile linalool, geraniol, terpineol and nerol reached their peak contents ear-liest in berries supplemented with blue light during the developmental stage. At fruit maturation, berries supplemented with blue light had the highest linalool and citronellol contents, while those with UV light had the highest geraniol, hexanal and E-2-hexenal contents, and supplemented with red-blue light had lower linalool content than the control. Moreover, supplementary light was also beneficial for the accumulation of volatile aldehydes and ketones. In conclusion, blue supplementary light could accelerate the development of grape berries as their sugar content was highest and main terpenes reached their peak contents earliest.Grape berries supplemented with UV light had the largest single berry mass and most abundant volatile compounds, while red-blue light treatment was not so effective on quality improvement.以4年生‘贝达’嫁接的早熟葡萄品种‘瑞都香玉’为试材,研究设施促早栽培条件下,紫外光、蓝光和红蓝光不同光质补光对果实品质的影响,结果表明: 促早栽培节能日光温室内环境属于典型的弱蓝紫光和弱紫外光环境.与对照(未补光)相比,夜间6 h的蓝光和紫外光补光处理可显著加快葡萄果实发育过程中质量和果粒纵横径的增大、果实糖含量的升高以及酸含量的下降,红蓝光效果不明显.果实成熟期紫外光补光处理果实的单粒质量最高,蓝光与红蓝光处理显著高于对照;蓝光补光处理果实葡萄糖、果糖和总糖含量最高,紫外光次之,红蓝光略高于对照.与对照相比,蓝光补光处理可显著加快果实中里那醇、α-萜品醇、橙花醇等萜烯类组分含量高峰的出现,而紫外光、红蓝光补光处理差异较小.果实成熟期蓝光补光处理果实中里那醇、香茅醇等萜烯类物质含量最高,紫外光补光处理里那醇含量较高,香叶醇、己醛、E-2-己烯醛等主要香气物质的含量最高,而红蓝光补光处理里那醇的含量与对照相比有所降低.紫外光、蓝光和红蓝光3种光质补光处理均增加了果实中醛酮类物质的种类及含量.表明蓝光补光处理果实发育最快,成熟最早,糖含量最高,里那醇等萜烯类物质含量高峰出现的时间最早;紫外光补光处理果实的单粒质量最大,主要萜烯类组分含量高;红蓝光补光处理对改善果实品质的效果不明显.

Taking'Kyoho' as the test material, the effect of white, green, red and blue bags on volatile compounds in mature grape berries was explored in this study. The results indicated that bags with different colors could create special light conditions, which resulted in the difference of volatile compounds in grape berries. A total of 37, 38, 32, 34 kinds of volatile compounds which included esters, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, terpenes and aromatic compounds, were detected in 'Kyoho' berries covered with the white, green, red and blue bags respectively, and 33 in the control. Compared with the control, the contents of ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate and some other esters decreased, while hexanal, E-2-hexenal and decanal increased in berries with white bags, the contents of the major common compounds, except ethyl 3-hexenoate, ethyl (E)-hex-2-enoate, ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate, E-2-hexenal, (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal, decanal, and phenethyl alcohol, decreased in berries with green bags, the contents of ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate and hexanal, E-2-hexenal decreased in berries with red bags, the contents of ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate and some other esters changed slightly in berries with blue bags, except for the increase of hexanal and E-2-hexenal. For those characteristic compounds, the kinds of alcohols in berries covered with bags decreased while the kinds of terpenes and aromatic compounds increased. In general, the fruits with the blue bags had the highest volatile esters, and those with the white bags had high volatile esters and aldehydes, while those with the green and red bags had low aromatic compounds.以‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,研究白袋、绿袋、红袋、蓝袋4种不同颜色果袋对葡萄成熟期果实中挥发性成分的影响,为葡萄专用果袋的研发提供理论依据.结果表明:不同颜色果袋可为葡萄果实的发育提供特定的光环境,不同套袋处理葡萄成熟期果实中的挥发性成分差异显著.‘巨峰’葡萄成熟期果实中检测到酯、醛、醇、酮类、萜烯类和芳香族化合物,对照、白袋、绿袋、红袋和蓝袋处理成熟期果实检测到的挥发性组分分别为33、37、38、32和34种.与对照相比,白袋处理乙酸乙酯、己酸乙酯等酯类物质含量降低,己醛、反式-2-己烯醛、癸醛含量增加;绿袋处理除3-己烯酸乙酯、反式-2-己烯酸乙酯、3-羟基丁酸乙酯、反式-2-己烯醛、(反,反)-2,4-己二烯醛、癸醛、苯乙醇外,其他共有组分的含量均出现降低;红袋处理乙酸乙酯、己酸乙酯等酯类物质含量降低,己醛、反式-2-己烯醛等的含量出现降低;蓝袋处理乙酸乙酯、己酸乙酯等主要酯类物质的含量未发生较大变化,己醛、反式-2-己烯醛等的含量出现升高.在非共有组分中,套袋处理中醇类组分的种类减少,萜烯类、芳香族化合物的种类增加.总体上,蓝袋处理果实中主要的‘果香型’酯类组分含量最高,白袋处理果实中主要的酯类组分及‘青草香型’的醛类组分含量较高,绿袋、红袋处理果实主要香气组分含量较低.

Two grape varieties 'Italia' and 'Centenial seedless' cultured in protected and delayed cultivation were used as experimental materials to study the effects of red and blue light quality on chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and endogenous hormone content during leaf senescence. The results showed that the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of the grapes were significantly enhanced in the red light treatment. Although the content of endogenous GA以设施延迟栽培条件下叶片衰老速度不同的意大利和无核白鸡心2个葡萄品种为试材,分别进行补充红光和蓝光处理,研究不同光质对叶片衰老过程中叶绿素含量、净光合速率和内源激素含量的影响.结果表明: 与未补光对照相比,红光能够显著提高叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,降低了内源赤霉素(GA

The photo response curves of 11 rootstock-scion combinations including summer black/Beta, summer black/1103P, summer black/101-14, summer black/3309C, summer black/140Ru, summer black/5C, summer black/5BB, summer black/420A, summer black/SO4, summer black/Kangzhen No.1, summer black/Huapu No.1 were fitted by rectangular hyperbola mo-del, non-rectangular hyperbola model, modified rectangular hyperbola model and exponential model respectively, and the differences of imitative effects were analyzed by determination coefficiency, light compensation point, light saturation point, initial quantum efficiency, maximum photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rate. The result showed that the fit coefficients of all four models were above 0.98, and there was no obvious difference on the fitted values of light compensation point among the four models. The modified rectangular hyperbola model fitted best on light saturation point, apparent quantum yield, maximum photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rate, and had the minimum AIC value based on the akaike information criterion, therefore, the modified rectangular hyperbola model was the best one. The clustering analysis indicated that summer black/SO4 and summer black/420A combinations had low light compensation point, high apparent quantum yield and low dark respiration rate among 11 rootstock-scion combinations, suggesting that these two combinations could use weak light more efficiently due to their less respiratory consumption and higher weak light tolerance. The Topsis comparison method ranked summer black/SO4 and summer black/420A combinations as No. 1 and No. 2 respectively in weak light tolerance ability, which was consistent with cluster analysis. Consequently, summer black has the highest weak light tolerance in case grafted on 420A or SO4, which could be the most suitable rootstock-scion combinations for protected cultivation.采用直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、直角双曲线修正模型和指数模型4种光响应模型分别拟合夏黑/贝达、夏黑/1103P、夏黑/101-14、夏黑/3309C、夏黑/140Ru、夏黑/5C、夏黑/5BB、夏黑/420A、夏黑/SO4、夏黑/抗砧1号、夏黑/华葡1号11种砧穗组合的光响应曲线,通过拟合程度、光补偿点、光饱和点、初始量子效率、最大净光合速率、暗呼吸速率等6个参数分析比较其拟合效果.结果表明: 4种模型拟合系数都在0.98以上,在光补偿点上,4种模型拟合效果相差不大,但直角双曲线修正模型在光饱和点、初始量子效率、最大净光合速率和暗呼吸速率方面拟合程度最好,运用赤池信息量准则计算,直角双曲线修正模型赤池信息量准则(AIC)值也最小,因此,直角双曲线修正模型为最佳拟合模型.通过聚类分析发现,夏黑/SO4、夏黑/420A两砧穗组合的表观量子效率高、光补偿点低、暗呼吸速率低,说明两者对弱光的利用效率高,耐弱光能力强,呼吸消耗少.通过Topsis (Technique for Order Prefe-rence by Similarity to an Ideal Solution)方法综合排名发现,夏黑/SO4、夏黑/420A组合耐弱光能力分别为第1、2名,与聚类分析结果一致.因此,夏黑以SO4或420A作为砧木的耐弱光能力最突出,更适合设施栽培.

We propose a calibration-free sensing scheme to solve the diminishing sensing margin and unstable trip-point problems of the sense amplifier caused by process, voltage, and temperature variations and by data dependency in conventional single-ended- and footless-8T SRAM designs. The key designs in this new scheme include an NMOS keeper for enlarging and uniformizing the sensing margin across operating conditions, a continuously variable trip-point sense amplifier for automatically adapting the trip-point, and a new corresponding sensing operation. The proposed scheme has been applied in the design of a 512-kb SRAM frame buffer in a video-recording SoC in 65-nm LP CMOS. For a 1-MHz operating frequency, the minimal supply voltage, Vmin, of the frame buffer is 0.45 V. At 0.48 V, the frame buffer has a minimum energy consumption of 26.5 pJ\cycle.

The effects of three canopy shapes, i.e., vertical canopy, V-shaped canopy and horizontal canopy, on canopy microenvironment, quality of leaves and fruits were studied in the 3-year-old grape 'Jingmi' grafted on ' Beta' in greenhouse. The results showed that gap fraction and openness of vertical canopy were significantly higher than that of V-shaped canopy and horizontal canopy, and leaf area index, light interception rate and canopy temperature difference between day and night were significantly lower than those of V-shaped canopy and horizontal canopy. There was no significant difference between the latter two treatments. The palisade thickness of V-shaped canopy was significantly greater than that of vertical canopy, and horizontal canopy was in the middle. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of V-shaped canopy were significantly higher than those of vertical canopy and horizontal canopy, and those in the latter two treatments had no significant difference. The fruit quality of V-shaped canopy was the best, and that of horizontal canopy was the worst. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that 29 types of volatile aroma compounds were detected in V-shaped canopy, but just 17 and 16 in vertical canopy and horizontal canopy, respectively. In V-shaped canopy, the characteristic aroma in grape 'Jingmi' was higher, except ethanol, trans-2- hexene-1-alcohol, 2-octyl ketone and formic acid ester. The linalool content in vertical canopy and V-shaped canopy was higher than that in horizontal canopy. The nerol content in V-shaped canopy was higher than that in vertical canopy and horizontal canopy, and the leaf alcohol content in V-shaped canopy and horizontal canopy was higher than that in vertical canopy. The citronellol was de-tected only in V-shaped canopy. In greenhouse, the fruit aroma of V-shaped canopy grape was stronger, and well reflected the variety characteristics.

High chilling requirement grape (Vitis vinifera-V. labrusca cv. Summer Black) was used to evaluate its dormancy under short sunlight day (SD), long sunlight day (LD) and natural condition (CK). The results indicated that grape bud dormancy could be induced by natural low temperature and short sunlight alone or together. Short sunlight was the main contributor to the dormancy of grape bud, followed by natural low temperature. SD had more effect on dormancy induction under the same temperature when compared with LD. The grape dormancy induction stopped when the total respiratory rate reached the highest level. During the dormancy induction period, the proportion of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operation activity or capacity to total respiratory rate increased from 16.0% to 20.1% or 22.3% to 26.0%, respectively; similarly, the proportion of operation activity or capacity of alternate pathway to total respiratory rate rapidly increased, i.e., from 19.4% to 27.3% or 38.2% to 46.8%. Both low temperature and short sunlight could induce change of respiratory pathway on electron transport chain level.

A series of 4-(6-(3-nitroguanidino)hexanamido)pyrrolidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their abilities to inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) isoform. All target compounds were prepared in 11 steps from commercially trans-4-hydroxy- l -proline. The preliminary pharmacological test showed that three compounds, 17, 21, and 30, have the good potency (IC50 = 2.36, 2.68, 2.5 μM, respectively) which are compared to the NOS inhibitor NG-nitroarginine(L-NNA) (IC50 = 14.74 μM), and could be used as lead compounds for exploring new iNOS inhibitors in the future.

To explore the effect of decitabine on Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) gene expression level and its downstream Wnt signaling pathway in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line HL-60.Flow cytometry and DNA ladder analysis were performed to detect apoptosis in HL-60 cell treated with different concentration of decitabine. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) was used to examine the methylation status of DKK1 gene. The expressions of mRNA and protein were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.Flow cytometric detection showed that after treating HL-60 cell line with decitabine of different concentrations for 48 h, the early apoptosis of HL-60 cells increased significantly as compared with control group (P0.05). DNA ladder analysis showed that the DNA ladder and demethylation of DKK1 gene appeared. RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the expressions of mRNA and protein increased. The protein expressions of β-catenin and C-MYC decreased.The decitabine can promote the apoptosis of HL-60 cells throngh demethylation of DDK1 gene and inhibition of Wnt signalling pathway.

An efficient way to coupling amine with the derivatives of steric N-Boc-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid was reported in this paper. We have found that the synthesis of derivatives is problematic with the commonly used DCC/HOBT method. As a substitute, the mixed anhydride method was adopted. A series of 6-(3-nitroguanidino)hexanamidopyrrolidine derivatives were prepared with this method.

A number of studies have demonstrated that the methylation of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) gene promoter is related with the occurrence and development of many neoplastic diseases. By means of binding with corresponding receptors, DKK1 blocks the transduction pathway of Wnt/β-catenin/TCF and inhibits the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells, inducing apoptosis. Leukemia is a hyperplastic disease of hematopoietic stem cell malignant clone. Its pathogenesis has been confirmed to be closely related with the aberrant activation of Wnt signaling pathway. This pathway is associated with the self-renewal and proliferation of the hematopoietic stem cells, which can regulate growth, differentiation, migration of the cells, angiogenesis and embryonic development. Its expression is regulated by some suppressor genes like Dickkopf 1 (DKK1). Leukemia often accompanied by methylation modification of the DKK1 gene, so as to leads to silencing itself and activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, which cause the occurrence of leukemia. Some therapeutic methods on leukemia aiming at DKK1 gene have been reported, among which DKK1 gene was demethylated. The intensive study on the expression and function of DKK1 should be important for the early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. This article reviews the current progress in this field.

Taking the 6-year-old peach "Shuguang" as test object, this paper studied the effects of short-term heating at 40 degrees C, 45 degrees C, and 50 degrees C on the bud livability, bud burst, reactive oxygen content, and activities of related enzymes in peach bud, aimed to investigate the regulation effect of short-term heating on the endodormancy release of peach bud. The results indicated that the effects of short-tern heating on the endodormancy release of peach bud were advanced by the postponement of treatment date, the increase of treatment temperature, and the prolonging of treatment time. On November 30, the regulation effect of heating at 40 degrees C was negative. Comparing with those under no-heating (CK), the date of endodormancy release was postponed, the bud burst, the O2-* and * OH production rates, the H2O2 content, and the activities of CAT and POD were lowered, and the SOD activity was improved. It was adverse under heating at 45 degrees C and 50 degrees C. On December 10, heating at 40 degrees C nearly had no obvious effect on the endodormancy release, while heating at 45 degrees C and 50 degrees C had the same effect as that on November 30, with the former being more superior to the latter. Correlation analysis indicated that the rapid increase of reactive oxygen might be the critical reason for the endodormancy release of peach bud.

To investigate the changes of respiratory function of liver mitochondria in rabbits induced by the general anesthetic propofol.Eighteen New Zealand rabbits weighted 1.5-2.5 kg were randomly divided into three groups: control group, emulsion group and propofol group. The control group received continuous infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The propofol group received continuous infusion of 1% propofol. The emulsion group received continuous infusion of 10% emulsion. The liver mitochondri of the rabbits were isolated. The carnitine acyl transferase (CPT) activity, H+ -ATPase hydrolysis activity and the content of ATP in the mitochondria were analysed.The rabbits in the propofol group had lower activity of CPT than the controls (P0.05), while no difference was found between the control group and the emulsion group (P0.05). The rabbits in the propofol group had higher H+ -ATPase hydrolysis activity than the controls (P0.05), while no difference was found between the control group and the emulsion group (P0.05). No significant differences were found in the content of ATP in mitochondria between the three groups (P0.05).Propofol inhibits CPT activity, which disturbs fatty acid beta-oxidation. Emulsion acted as vehicle of propofol seems to have no significant impact on mitochondria respiratory function.

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the problem of farmland soil contamination by heavy metals in China. Cadmium (Cd) is an important heavy metal which can cause adverse ecological effects, in particular, can be easily accumulated by rice plants. On the basis of determining the concentrations of Cd in 303 farmland soil samples from the rice producing area in the Luxian County, Sichuan Province, China, the spatial variability and distribution character of the relevant data were further analyzed using geostatistical methods. The results of the exploratory spatial data analysis showed that there was the autocorrelation of soil Cd and the experimental semivariogram was isotropic. The spherical model and the exponential model were used to match the experimental semivariogram. The results of the cross-validation showed that the exponential model with sill could best simulate the experimental semivariogram. Ordinary kriging were used to estimate the Cd distribution in the study area. The significant correlation between the estimated values and the monitoring values was found. No system errors could be tested. The areas with high soil Cd presented the strip belt-shaped. At the same time, the high soil Cd concentration patches and the low soil Cd concentration patches show relative decentralization distribution character. This distribution character testified that non-point pollution and atmospheric precipitation were the main sources of soil Cd contamination in the study area. In addition, the spatial distribution character was also affected by wasterwater irrigation from polluted rivers in the study area.

To investigate the change of energy metabolism in isolated rat liver mitochondria by the general anesthetic etomidate.Nine healthy male SD rats weighted 230-280 g were used to isolate liver mitochondria. According to randomized block design, the isolated liver mitochondria wered divided into three groups: control group, 0.4 microg/mL etomidate group, and 4 microg/mL etomidate group. Then the samples were incubated at 37 degrees C for 7 min. The fluorescence intensities of lipophilic cation Rhodamine-123 and forward light scatter (FSC) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The size of the adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, ATP) in mitochondria was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The energy charge (EC) = (ATP + 0.5ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP). The inorganic phosphorus method was used to measure the H(+)-ATPase hydrolytic activity and the oligomycin-sensitive H(+)-ATPase activity. The enzyme activity was express as nmol Pi/(mg pro x min).The fluorescence intensities level of Rhodamine-123 in the 0.4 microg/mL etomidate group was higher than in the control group, but still lower than in the 4 microg/mL etomidate group (P0.05). The size of FSC had no significant change in the 0.4 microg/mL etomidate group, whereas the 4 microg/mL etomidate group had increased size of FSC (P0.05). Compared to the control group, no significant changes of content of adenine nucleotides, energy charge and hydrolytic activity of H(+)-ATPase were found in the 0.4 microg/mL etomidate group. However, the intra-mitochondrial ADP, ATP and energy charge levels decreased and the AMP increased in the 0.4 microg/mL etomidate group (P0.05). The hydrolytic activity of H(+)-ATPase increased in the 4 microg/mL etomidate group (P0.01), but it was not influenced by oligomycin (P0.05).Etomidate at 0.4 microg/mL has no significant effect on isolated rat liver mitochonddia, but at 4 microg/mL it can lead to distruption of mitochondrial energy metabolism.

Taking two-year-old peach tree of cv 'Chunjie' as test material, the natural inducing factors of peach bud dormancy and the roles of Ca2+ in the dormancy induction were studied. The results revealed that peach plant was very sensitive to short sunlight and/or natural low temperature. These two factors could induce growth cessation, dormancy, and freezing-resistance development, but their action mechanisms differed with each other. Short sunlight induced the dormancy first and the freezing-resistance then, whereas natural low temperature was in adverse. In case of the cofunction of short sunlight and low temperature, i.e., under the natural condition, short sunlight was the main factor inducing growth cessation, dormancy, and freezing-resistance development, while natural low temperature was the secondary one. The inducement effect of short sunlight was closely related to the actions of Ca2+, because Ca2+ played a messenger role in the signal transduction of short sunlight. In the experiment of supplemental light, it was found that with the decrease of temperature, the Ca2+ had an increasing influx from the vacuole, intercellular space, and cell wall to the cytosol and nuclei. At the same time, plant growth slowed down and finally ceased, dormancy started then, and freezing-resistance developed, which indicated that as a messenger in the signal transduction of natural low temperature, Ca2+ played an important role in the inducement of growth cessation, dormancy, and freezing-resistance development by natural low temperature.

Pneumonia has become the predominant cause of death for the elderly. It is critical to determine the status of oropharyngeal pathogen colonization in the elderly when treating pneumonia. To explore the efficient approaches to treat age-related pneumonia, we determined the status of oropharyngeal pathogenic colonization in the elderly community.Throat swab cultures were used to isolate oropharyngeal pathogens from 706 residents older than 65 years living in the community of Shenyang City. Characteristics of bacterial strains were sorted and identified using drug sensitivity tests.Results of bacterial identification showed that 265 out of 706 samples were positive, thereby exhibiting a 37.5% positive rate. There were 290 bacterial strains isolated from the elderly community in total, of which 248 strains were gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and 42 strains were gram-positive cocci (GNC), accounting for 85.5% and 14.5%, respectively. There were 158 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, representing 54.4% of the all GNB.The rate of oropharyngeal GNB colonization in the elderly community increases and Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common strain.

Spatial variability and distribution of soil arsenic in Zibo maize producing area, Shandong Province were studied using geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Positive skewed distribution was observed; Logarithm transformation was applied in order to achieve normality in the data set and to reduce the affect of outliers. The results show that experimental semi-variogram exists distinct anisotropic and has the strongest continuity in the direction of northeastern 70 degrees. Exponential model was used to fit experimental semi-variogram. Normal kriging was used to predict the spatial distribution of soil arsenic in Zibo maize producing area. It can be concluded that there is clear special heterogeneity in soil arsenic and wastewater irrigation is the main reason affected spatial variability. In fact, the concentrations of soil arsenic in Zibo maize producing area decrease in the pass 20 years.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(10)H(8)N(2)·2C(8)H(8)O(3), contains two 2-meth-oxy-benzoic acid mol-ecules and one 4,4'-bipyridine mol-ecule. The 4,4'-bipyridine mol-ecule is disordered over two positions in a 1:1 ratio. In the crystal, the 2-meth-oxy-benzoic acid and 4,4'-bipyridine mol-ecules are connected by inter-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The dihedral angle between the carboxy group and its attached ring is 26.823 (2)°.

The Schiff base, C(16)H(12)N(2)S(2), has been synthesized by refluxing an ethano-lic solution of thio-phene-2-carbaldehyde and benzene-1,4-diamine. The center of the benzene ring is located on a crystallographic center of inversion. The dihedral angle between the benzene and thio-phene rings is 63.6 (1)°.

The rate for hydrolysis, chemoselectivitly toward nucleophiles, and partition property of N-neopentyl-, N-trimethylsilylmethyl-, and N-trimethylgermylmethyl-N-nitrosoureas were compared. The latter two compounds are silicon and germanium analogues of the neopentyl derivative. The substitution effect of Ge in place of Si or C are discussed on the chemical and physicochemical properties.