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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is a collection of myeloid-derived heterogenetic cells, which has immunosuppressive capabilities in the occurrence and development of tumor. We found that compared with spleen-derived MDSCs (SP-MDSCs) of lung cancer mice xenograft model, tumor -derived MDSCs (T-MDSCs) had stronger immunosuppressive function which was caused by lactate in the tumor microenvironment. Here we revealed that lactate was involved in regulating the function and glycolysis of MDSCsand serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1(SGK1) should be an important factor during this process. Further studies demonstrated that lactate could down-regulate the DNA methylation level of SGK1 by regulating the Ten-Eleven-Translocation-2 (TET2). In summary, our findings indicated an indispensable role of lactate in the immunosuppressive functions and glycolysis of MDSCs for the first time and offer an effective therapeutic target for anti-tumor therapy.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are derived from bone marrow progenitor cells commonly, which is a heterogeneous cell group composed of immature granulocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages and early undifferentiated bone marrow precursor cells. Its differentiation and immunosuppressive function are regulated by complex network signals, but the specific regulation mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this study, we found that in mouse of Lewis lung cancer xenograft, long non-coding RNA Snhg6 (lncRNA Snhg6) was highly expressed in tumor-derived MDSCs compared with spleen-derived MDSCs. LncRNA Snhg6 facilitated the differentiation of CD11b+ Ly6G− Ly6Chigh monocytic MDSCs (Mo-MDSCs) rather than CD11b+ Ly6G+ Ly6Clow polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs), but did not affect the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. Notably, lncRNA Snhg6 could inhibit the expression of EZH2 by ubiquitination pathway at protein level rather than mRNA level during the differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells into MDSCs in vitro. EZH2 may be an important factor in the regulation of lncRNA Snhg6 to promote the differentiation of Mo-MDSCs. So what we found may provide new ideas and targets for anti-tumor immunotherapy targeting MDSCs.

We previously found that cordycepin inhibits the growth and metastasis formation of MDA-MB-231 cells through the Hedgehog pathway but has not validated this in vivo. In this study, we confirmed cordycepin’s anti-triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) effect in nude mice and documented its mechanism. We found that cordycepin reduced the volume and weight of MDA-MB-231 xenografts and affected the expression of proliferation-, apoptosis-, epithelial–mesenchymal transition-, and matrix metalloproteinase-related proteins without side effects. RNA sequencing screening, pathway enrichment, and the protein network interaction analysis revealed enriched pathways and targets mainly concentrated on the Hedgehog pathway and its core components of SHH and GLI2. This indicates that the Hedgehog pathway plays a central role in the cordycepin-mediated regulation of growth and metastasis formation in TNBC. The database analysis of the Hedgehog pathway markers (SHH, PTCH1, SMO, GLI1, and GLI2) revealed that the Hedgehog pathway is activated in breast cancer tissues, and its high expression is not conducive to a patient’s survival. Finally, we verified that cordycepin effectively inhibited the Hedgehog pathway in TNBC through Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. This study found that cordycepin could regulate the growth and metastasis formation of TNBC through the Hedgehog pathway in vivo, which provides new insights for targeting and treating breast cancer.

On December 17, 2020, Tai Chi was included in Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, which attracted worldwide attention. In order to promote Tai Chi, this study analyses the limitations including teacher shortage, insufficient training time, and inconsistent gestures, and attempts to use virtual reality (VR) technology to break through these restraints. This research has found that VR can help escape the limits in teaching stuff and practice time, and also stimulate learning interest and other advantages. To introduce Tai Chi to the world, we should strictly filter promotion content, unifying the movements and making specialised VR materials; establish an VR online learning platform; conduct online Duanwei assessment based on the requirements of the Duanwei system; combine online and offline teaching; gradually introduce virtual products of routines, push-hand, and Sanshou and other forms.

The university stage is an important period for college students to improve their physical fitness. Extracurricular physical exercise is the main way for college students to improve their physical fitness. To improve the physical fitness of college students, it must be based on reality and pay attention to the management of college students’ extracurricular physical exercise. This research takes Chongqing University of Technology as an example to study the effect of using GPS and sensor technology-based sports apps to promote college students’ extracurricular exercises. The research results show that Chongqing University of Technology uses the “Trail Run” APP to promote college students’ extracurricular exercises, which increases the number of college students' extracurricular exercises, invigorates the sports atmosphere of campus and improves the physical fitness of college students, especially the cardiopulmonary function and endurance quality. However, some problems were encountered in the application process. In order to make better use of information technology to promote college students' extracurricular exercise, it is necessary to continuously improve the rules of extracurricular sports management, continuously enhance the level of information technology, and better improve the physical fitness of college students.

Metabolism is a complex network of regulatory system. Cells often alter their metabolism in response to the changes in their environment. These adaptive changes are particularly pronounced in tumor cells, known as metabolic reprogramming. Metabolic reprogramming is considered to be one of the top 10 characteristics of tumor cells. Glucose and lipid metabolism are important components of metabolic reprogramming. A large number of experimental studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism. The current review briefly introduces the regulatory effect of lncRNAs on glucose and lipid metabolism of tumor cells, and the significance of lncRNA-mediated metabolism in tumor therapy, hoping to provide new strategies for clinical targeting tumor therapy.

Tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction of ore from the gangue. Tailings ponds are engineered structures created using dams, berms and natural features such as valleys, hillsides or depressions. The pumping of tailings slurry into a pond allows the sedimentation of solids from the water. Tailings ponds can be highly toxic because they are used to store harmful waste made from separating minerals from rocks or the slurry produced from tar sands mining. To minimise contamination of underlying groundwater, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) liners are used. These liners are prefabricated sheets that are welded onsite to form a continuous waterproofing membrane that prevents the migration of contaminated water into the environment. Despite their widespread application, HDPE liners have inherent performance limitations, such as leakages at the location of welds, UV resistance, maintenance and repair. This paper considers a new type of sprayable reactive membrane as a waterproofing structure. Permeability tests with the Rowe cell, chemical and durability tests (interaction with water and leachates at different temperatures, oxidation and UV resistance tests) and mechanical tests (tensile strength tests, elongation tests, puncture tests) were performed and compared with conventional HDPE membranes for tailing ponds. Results showed that the new sprayable membrane has good performance comparable with the conventional HDPE membrane and it can be a very attractive solution for tailings ponds liners.

Figure S1. Pvt1 and c-myc are highly expressed in CT26 tumor-expanded G-MDSCs. Figure S2. The expression of Pvt1 in G-MDSCs and M-MDSCs was not significantly different. Figure S3. c-myc is highly expressed in G-MDSCs with stronger suppression. Figure S4. c-myc expression changes are consistent with changes in Pvt1 expression in G-MDSCs under hypoxic stress. (PDF 264 kb)

An integrated, clean, facile and ecologically friendly approach of biodiesel production from Eruca Sativa Gars (ESG) vegetable oil focused on lab scaling up was reported in this study. Transesterification of ESG oil was heterogeneously catalyzed by Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 heteropolyacid salt. The properties of biodiesel from ESG were comparable to conventional diesel fuel and comply with the US Standard for Biodiesel (ASTM 6751). Using ESG biodiesel instead of conventional diesel fuel reduces emissions. The results illustrate that the Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 is an environmentally benign solid acid catalyst and ESG biodiesel is a kind of nontoxic and biodegradable renewable alternative fuel.

Out of the frying pan: A ZnPW nanotube catalyst containing Brønsted and Lewis double acid sites promotes the conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel. The catalytic activity of the ZnPW nanotubes is stable to the presence of free fatty acids or water in the feedstock. The high catalytic activity of the ZnPW nanotubes is attributed to the synergistic effect of Lewis acid sites and Brønsted acid sites.Zinc dodecatungstophosphate (Zn(1.2)H(0.6)PW(12)O(40); ZnPW) nanotubes, which feature Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites, were prepared using cellulose fibers as templates. The structure, acid properties, and catalytic activity of the nanotubes as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production were then studied in detail. The ZnPW nanocatalyst exhibited higher catalytic activities for the simultaneous esterification and transesterification of palmitic acid than the parent acid catalyst 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H(3)PW(12)O(40)). Moreover, the doubly acidic nanotubes led to markedly enhanced yields of methyl esters in the conversion of waste cooking oil (containing 26.89 wt % free fatty acids and 1 % moisture) to biodiesel. The catalyst could be recycled and reused with negligible loss in activity over five cycles. The ZnPW nanocatalyst is acid- and water-tolerant and is an environmentally benign heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel from low-quality feedstocks.

A clean, facile, and ecologically friendly method for the production of biodiesel has been developed. A solid acid, namely the heteropolyacid (HPA) Cs 2.5 H 0.5 PW 12 O 40 , has been used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel from Eruca sativa Gars. oils (ESG oil) with methanol at a certain temperature. A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as the reaction time, temperature, the oil to methanol ratio, the amount of catalyst, and the usage times of the catalyst, has been performed. The Cs 2.5 H 0.5 PW 12 O 40 heterogeneous acid catalyst shows almost the same activity under the optimized reaction conditions as compared to a conventional homogeneous catalyst such as sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid, and can easily be separated from the products and can be used for several more runs. The most important features of this catalyst are that the catalytic activity is not effected by the content of free fatty acids and content of water in the vegetable oil and that the esterification can occur at a lower temperature (room temperature) and be finished within a shorter time. The results illustrate that the Cs 2.5 H 0.5 PW 12 O 40 is an excellent, water-tolerant and environmentally benign solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel. The fuel properties of ESG biodiesel were found to be in agreement with the ASTM standard.

Dendritic and tubular-like tungsten oxide nanostructures have been prepared by a one-pot approach using a natural cellulosic substance as template at different pH conditions. Analysis by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy revealed tungsten oxide Na2W2O7 nanostructures having different morphologies according to the pH of the reaction, that is at pH = 3, the morphology of tungsten oxide is dendritic structure; at pH 6 prepared tungsten oxide has tubular structure.

Transesterification of waste cooking oil with high acid value and high water contents using heteropolyacid H3PW12O40 x 6H2O (PW12) as catalyst was investigated. The hexahydrate form of PW(12) was found to be the most promising catalyst which exhibited highest ester yield 87% for transesterification of waste cooking oil and ester yield 97% for esterification of long-chain palmitic acid, respectively. The PW12 acid catalyst shows higher activity under the optimized reaction conditions compared with conventional homogeneous catalyst sulfuric acid, and can easily be separated from the products by distillation of the excess methanol and can be reused more times. The most important feature of this catalyst is that the catalytic activity is not affected by the content of free fatty acids (FFAs) and the content of water in the waste cooking oil and the transesterification can occur at a lower temperature (65 degrees C), a lower methanol oil ratio (70:1) and be finished within a shorter time. The results illustrate that PW12 acid is an excellent water-tolerant and environmentally benign acid catalyst for production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil.

An inverse opal structure three-dimensional array film of polyoxometalates (POMs) was constructed by using polystyrene (PS) colloidal crystals as templates. The thin film has exact inverse opal str...