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[Resumen]: En este proyecto se busca desarrollar una herramienta que sea capaz de medir de forma empírica el rendimiento deportivo de futbolistas según su demarcación en el campo y su perfil futbolístico. La división de perfiles permite tratar de forma diferente a cada tipo de futbolista aprovechando así mucho mejor sus características. Se trabaja con una base de datos de más de trescientos mil jugadores de ligas de todo el mundo. Cada jugador cuenta con más de cien mediciones diferentes, permitiendo un análisis profundo y especializado. Se lleva a cabo una selección de jugadores para cada perfil, a modo de grupo de entrenamiento, considerados como los mejores del mundo en esa demarcación. Estos jugadores son elegidos según la opinión de entrenadores y expertos en la materia. La idea del proyecto recae en encontrar aquellas variables que maximizan las diferencias entre los jugadores del grupo élite y el resto de jugadores para así poder conocer que variables son las más influyentes en el éxito deportivo de un futbolista de ese perfil concreto. Una vez se conocen estos datos, se utiliza la información para construir una puntuación para cada jugador según su valor en cada una de las variables seleccionadas, lo que permite la comparación de jugadores. El objetivo final es la obtención de una herramienta que permita la comparación rápida y visual de jugadores de fútbol similares, pensando sobre todo en un destinatario sin amplios conocimientos informáticos., [Abstract]: The aim of this project is to develop a tool capable of empirically measuring the sporting performance of football players according to their position on the pitch and their football profile. The division of profiles makes it possible to treat each type of footballer differently, thus making much better use of their characteristics. We work with a database of more than three hundred thousand players from leagues all over the world. Each player has more than one hundred different measurements, allowing a deep and specialised analysis. A selection of players is made for each profile, as a training group, who are considered to be the best in the world at that position. These players are chosen according to the opinion of coaches and experts in the field. The idea of the project is to find those variables that maximise the differences between the players of the elite group and the rest of the players in order to find out which variables are the most influential in the sporting success of a footballer of that specific profile. Once these data are known, the information is used to construct a score for each player according to his value in each of the selected variables, which allows the comparison of players. The final objective is to obtain a tool that allows a quick and visual comparison of similar football players, especially for a target audience without extensive computer knowledge.

[Abstract] This article analyzes the state–market nexus by examining the role played by sovereign credit default swap (CDS) derivative markets in the southern European debt crisis of 2010–2014. This nexus is conceived of as being part of a larger process of state financialization and, more specifically, of sovereign debt management. This article shows that the southern European debt crisis was triggered by the deterioration of fundamental macroeconomic variables—not self-fulfilling dynamics driven by speculation. Moreover, the financialization of public debt markets may generate opportunities for governments to manage their public financing needs, which illustrates the complex nexus between markets and governments.

The analysis of continuously spatially varying processes usually considers two sources of variation, namely, the large-scale variation collected by the trend of the process, and the small-scale variation. Parametric trend models on latitude and longitude are easy to fit and to interpret. However, the use of parametric models for characterizing spatially varying processes may lead to misspecification problems if the model is not appropriate. Recently, Meilán-Vila et al. (TEST 29:728–749, 2020) proposed a goodness-of-fit test based on an -distance for assessing a parametric trend model with correlated errors, under random design, comparing parametric and nonparametric trend estimates. The present work aims to provide a detailed computational analysis of the behavior of this approach using different bootstrap algorithms for calibration, one of them including a procedure that corrects the bias introduced by the direct use of the residuals in the variogram estimation, under a fixed design geostatistical framework. Asymptotic results for the test are provided and an extensive simulation study, considering complexities that usually arise in geostatistics, is carried out to illustrate the performance of the proposal. Specifically, we analyze the impact of the sample size, the spatial dependence range and the nugget effect on the empirical calibration and power of the test.

[Abstract] The R package qcr for Statistical Quality Control (SQC) is introduced and described. It includes a comprehensive set of univariate and multivariate SQC tools that completes and increases the SQC techniques available in R. Apart from integrating different R packages devoted to SQC (qcc, MSQC), qcr provides nonparametric tools that are highly useful when Gaussian assumption is not met. This package computes standard univariate control charts for individual measurements, (Formula presented), S, R, p, np, c, u, EWMA, and CUSUM. In addition, it includes functions to perform multivariate control charts such as Hotelling T2, MEWMA and MCUSUM. As representative features, multivariate nonparametric alternatives based on data depth are implemented in this package: r, Q and S control charts. The qcr library also estimates the most complete set of capability indices from first to the fourth generation, covering the nonparametric alternatives, and performing the corresponding capability analysis graphical outputs, including the process capability plots. Moreover, Phase I and II control charts for functional data are included.

[Abstract] This study proposes a control chart based on functional data to detect anomalies and estimate the normal output of industrial processes and services such as those related to the energy efficiency domain. Companies providing statistical consultancy services in the fields of energy efficiency; heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC); installation and control; and big data for buildings, have been striving to solve the problem of automatic anomaly detection in buildings controlled by sensors. Given the functional nature of the critical to quality (CTQ) variables, this study proposed a new functional data analysis (FDA) control chart method based on the concept of data depth. Specifically, it developed a control methodology, including the Phase I and II control charts. It is based on the calculation of the depth of functional data, the identification of outliers by smooth bootstrap resampling and the customization of nonparametric rank control charts. A comprehensive simulation study, comprising scenarios defined with different degrees of dependence between curves, was conducted to evaluate the control procedure. The proposed statistical process control procedure was also applied to detect energy efficiency anomalies in the stores of a textile company in the Panama City. In this case, energy consumption has been defined as the CTQ variable of the HVAC system. Briefly, the proposed methodology, which combines FDA and multivariate techniques, adapts the concept of the control chart based on a specific case of functional data and thereby presents a novel alternative for controlling facilities in which the data are obtained by continuous monitoring, as is the case with a great deal of process in the framework of Industry 4.0.

[Resumen] El análisis de las emociones clásicamente se ha desarrollado con técnicas de investigación cualitativas en sociología. En cambio, otras ramas del saber han ido abriendo paso hacia estudios automáticos y sistemáticos con la ayuda de diferentes lenguajes de programación. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto revisar las herramientas cuantitativas disponibles para R con posibilidad de ser aplicadas a castellano. Para ello, se exponen las sucesivas actuaciones para la preparación de los datos de texto, su exploración y, por último, el cálculo de la polaridad emocional. Finalmente, siguiendo el propósito de introducir estas técnicas en la sociología, así como llevar a cabo una aportación a una ciencia interdisciplinar de las emociones, se ofrece una serie de propuestas de mejora desde la computación, la estadística y la sociología., [Resumo] A análise das emocións clásicamente desenvolveuse con técnicas de investigación cualitativas en sociología. En cambio, outras ramas do saber han ir abrindo paso cara a estudos automáticos e sistemáticos coa axuda de diferentes linguaxes de programación. O presente traballo ten por obxecto revisar as ferramentas cuantitativas dispoñibles para R con posibilidade de ser aplicadas a castelán. Para iso, expóñense as sucesivas actuacións para a preparación dos datos de texto, a súa exploración e, para rematar, o cálculo da polaridad emocional. Finalmente, seguindo o propósito de introducir estas técnicas na sociología, así como levar a cabo unha achega a unha ciencia interdisciplinar das emocións, ofrécese unha serie de propostas de mellora desde a computación, a estatística e a sociología., [Abstract] The analysis of emotions has been classically developed on qualitative research techniques in sociology. Instead, other branches of knowledge have been making way for studies automatic and systematic with the help of different languages of programming. The purpose of this paper is to review the tools Quantitative available for R with the possibility of being applied to Spanish. For this, the successive ones are exposed actions for the preparation of text data, its exploration and, finally, the calculation of emotional polarity. Finally, following the purpose of introducing these techniques in sociology, as well as making a contribution to an interdisciplinary science of emotions, is made a series of proposals for improvement from computing, the statistics and sociology.

[Abstract] The aim of this work is to propose different statistical and machine learning methodologies for identifying anomalies and control the quality of energy efficiency and hygrothermal comfort in buildings. Companies focused on energy sector for buildings are interested on statistical and machine learning tools to automate the control of energy consumption and ensure quality of Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) installations. Consequently, a methodology based on the application of the Local Correlation Integral (LOCI) anomaly detection technique has been proposed. In addition, the most critical variables for anomaly detection are identified by using ReliefF method. Once vectors of critical variables are obtained, multivariate and univariate control charts can be applied to control the quality of HVAC installations (consumption, thermal comfort). In order to test the proposed methodology, the companies involved in this project have provided the case study of a store of a clothing brand located in a shopping center in Panama. It is important to note that this is a controlled case study for which all the anomalies have been previously identified by maintenance personnel. Moreover, as an alternatively solution, in addition to machine learning and multivariate techniques, new nonparametric control charts for functional data based on data depth have been proposed and applied to curves of daily energy consumption in HVAC.

Una de las principales preocupaciones a la hora de aplicar instrumentos de ordenación territorial es evaluar, desde distintos puntos de vista, el grado de coherencia interna de un espacio dado. En este artículo, tomando como criterio la distribución en el espacio de la actividad comercial y empleando una sucesión de métodos estadísticos elementales, pretendemos justamente eso, compaginando el rigor estadístico con la claridad de la interpretación geográfica. El resultado de este proceso, de raíz plenamente cuantitativa, es la de reconocer en la provincia conquense un territorio excepcional y caracterizado por unos niveles de desarticulación territorial extraordinarios fruto de su aislamiento y marginación secular.

BACKGROUND: To ascertain the condition of the oral hygiene of school children 6 and 12 years of age in Galicia and to assess the degree to which said condition meets the World Health Organization (WHO) oral hygiene objectives for the year 2000. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study conducted in 1995 on a group of school children 6 and 12 years of age in Galicia selected by means of a multi-stage sampling by conglomerates, stratified by provinces and type of habitat. RESULTS: This study was conducted on 1,288 school age children, 643 in the 6-year-old group and 645 in the 12-year-old group. 46.7% of the 6 year-old children and 64.2% of the 12 year-olds were found to have cavities, which means an oc index of 1.84 and a AOC index of 1.60, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A trend toward improvement in the oral hygiene of school-age children in Galicia has been found. The oral hygiene-related objectives recommended by the WHO for the year 2000 in the region of Europe have been accomplished, as a result of which further objectives are recommended., FUNDAMENTO: Conocer el estado de la salud bucodental de los escolares gallegos de 6 y 12 años y valorar su aproximación a los objetivos de salud bucodental de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para el año 2000. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal observacional, realizado en 1995 a un grupo de escolares gallegos de 6 y 12 años elegidos a través de muestreo polietápico por conglomerados, estratificado por provincias y tipo de hábitat. RESULTADOS: Fueron estudiados 1.288 escolares, 643 en el grupo de 6 años y 645 en el grupo de 12 años. El 46,7% de los niños de 6 años y el 64,2% de los de 12 años presentaron caries, lo que supone un índice co de 1,84 y un índice CAO de 1,60 respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Se comprueba una evolución favorable de la salud bucodental de los escolares gallegos. Se han conseguido los objetivos, en salud bucodental, propuestos por la OMS para el año 2000 en la región europea, por lo que se proponen nuevos objetivos.