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Investigation of multicollinearity allows parameters in multivariate analysis to be estimated with higher precision and with biological interpretation. In order to generate reliable estimates of the degree of multicollinearity, it is necessary to use appropriate sample size. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the sample size (number of plants) necessary to estimate the indicators of the degree of multicollinearity - condition number (CN), correlation matrix determinant (DET), and variance inflation factor (VIF) - in morphological traits of rye and to verify the variability of the sample size between the indicators. Five and three uniformity trials were conducted with the cultivars BRS Progresso and Temprano, respectively. Eight morphological traits were evaluated in 780 plants in eight trials. For each trial, 22 cases were selected among the 28 formed by the combination of eight traits, taken six by six, totaling 176 cases. In each case, 197 sample sizes were planned (20, 25, 30, ..., 1,000 plants) and in each size 2,000 resampling procedures with replacement were performed, CN, DET, and VIF were determined and the average among 2,000 estimates was calculated. For each case and indicator (CN, DET, and VIF), the sample size was determined through three models: modified maximum curvature method and linear and quadratic segmented models with plateau response. There is variability between sample sizes between indicators, with larger sample sizes required for DET, followed by CN and VIF, in that order, with at least 180, 116 and 85 plants, respectively. A investigação da multicolinearidade permite que parâmetros em análises multivariadas sejam estimados com maior precisão e com interpretação biológica. Para ter confiabilidade nas estimativas do grau de multicolinearidade, é necessário utilizar adequado tamanho de amostra. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar o tamanho de amostra (número de plantas) necessário para a estimação dos indicadores do grau de multicolinearidade - número de condição (NC), determinante da matriz de correlação (DET) e fator de inflação da variância (FIV) - em caracteres morfológicos de centeio e verificar a variabilidade do tamanho de amostra entre os indicadores. Foram conduzidos cinco e três ensaios de uniformidade com as cultivares BRS Progresso e Temprano, respectivamente. Foram avaliados oito caracteres morfológicos em 780 plantas em oito ensaios. Para cada ensaio, foram selecionados 22 casos entre os 28 formados pela combinação de oito caracteres, tomados seis a seis, totalizando 176 casos. Para cada caso, foram planejados 197 tamanhos de amostra (20, 25, 30, ..., 1.000 plantas) e para cada tamanho foram realizadas 2.000 reamostragens, com reposição, determinados o NC, DET e FIV e calculada a média das 2.000 estimativas. Após, para cada caso e indicador, foi determinado o tamanho de amostra, por meio de três modelos: método da máxima curvatura modificado e modelos linear e quadrático segmentados com resposta em platô. Há variabilidade entre os tamanhos de amostra entre os indicadores, com necessidade de maiores tamanhos de amostra para DET, seguido de NC e FIV, nessa ordem, com no mínimo de 180, 116 e 85 plantas, respectivamente.

This study aimed to verify the linear relationships between maize grain yield and tassel traits, identify traits for selection through direct and indirect effects over three crop years. Three experiments were performed with 20 maize genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Individual variance analysis showed significant genotype effects for all traits in the three crop years. However, a joint analysis demonstrated a significant genotype effect at 5% error probability for all traits, but branching space length. Furthermore, only the number of secondary branches and tassel branch number did not show significant genotype × crop year interaction. These results revealed a genotype differentiated behavior over the evaluated years, emphasizing the need to evaluate genotypes in more than one crop year. Based on phenotypic and genotypic correlation matrices and path analyses, the number of secondary tassel branches showed a positive linear relationship with grain yield; therefore, it can be used for the indirect selection of maize plants in breeding programs

Studies on the prevalence of dementia in the indigenous population are still scarce worldwide. In the few available studies, prevalence evidence varies from low to very high, with early onset of the disease and high mortality rate after the initial diagnosis. Still, little is known about the rate of dementia in indigenous populations from low- and middle-income countries, where the dementia prevalence in the general population is estimated to increase significantly in the next decades. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated factors in Brazilian indigenous people of the Mura ethnicity in Amazonas, Brazil. Methods: A total of 217 indigenous individuals aged 50 years and older from Amazonas, Brazil, were submitted to cognitive assessment. Attention, memory, verbal fluency, visuospatial performance, and mood state composed the cognitive impairment diagnosis. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 43.3% (95%CI 36.6-49.7) and varied according to age [OR=1.03 (95%CI 1.00-1.06)], education [OR=0.74 (95%CI 0.62-0.87)], body mass index [OR=0.91 (95%CI 0.83-0.98)], and income [OR=0.52 (95%CI 0.27-0.99)]. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment had an early onset in an indigenous community, and its prevalence was greater in older individuals with low education and low family income. These findings highlight the importance of implementing public indigenous health policies focusing on health professional training for early cognitive impairment detection. RESUMO. No mundo, estudos sobre a prevalência de demência em idosos indígenas são insuficientes, porém nas evidências disponíveis, a prevalência varia de baixa a muito alta, com início precoce da doença e elevada taxa de mortalidade após o diagnóstico inicial. As evidências em países de baixa e média renda são escassas, e neles a prevalência de demência aumentará significativamente nas próximas décadas. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de déficit cognitivo e fatores associados em indígenas brasileiros da etnia Mura no Amazonas, Brasil. Métodos: Duzentos e dezessete indígenas com 50 anos ou mais do Amazonas, Brasil, foram submetidos a avaliação cognitiva. Atenção, memória, fluência verbal, desempenho visuoespacial e estado de humor compuseram o diagnóstico de déficit cognitivo. Resultados: A prevalência de déficit cognitivo foi de 43,3% (intervalo de confiança - IC95% 36,6-49,7) e variou de acordo com a idade [odds ratio - OR=1,03 (IC95% 1,00-1,06)], educação [OR=0,74 (IC95% 0,62-0,87)], índice de massa corporal [OR=0,91 (IC95% 0,83-0,98)] e renda [OR=0,52 (IC95% 0,27-0,99)]. Conclusões: O comprometimento cognitivo teve início precoce na comunidade indígena, sendo sua prevalência maior em idosos com baixa escolaridade e baixa renda familiar. Esses achados destacam a importância da implementação de políticas públicas de saúde indígena, com foco na formação de profissionais de saúde, para a detecção precoce do déficit cognitivo.

Aim To assess compliance with evidence-based practice regarding screening and detection of delirium in adult patients at the ICU from a university hospital. Methods The compliance rates were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit and feedback tool. This strategy was designed in three phases: (1) establishing a team and conducting a baseline audit based on criteria informed by the evidence; (2) reflecting on the results of the baseline audit and designing and implementing strategies to address noncompliance found in the baseline audit informed by the JBI Getting Research into Practice framework; and (3) conducting a follow-up audit to assess the outcomes of the interventions implemented to improve practice and identify future practice issues to be addressed in subsequent audits. The implementation protocol was designed based on the primary barriers and facilitators identified in the baseline audit, allied to a training program and electronic medical records changes. Nursing documentation available in medical records from patients admitted in the ICU was used to assess the baseline and follow-up audit compliance rates. Results None of the medical records evaluated before the implementation protocol showed compliance with the following audit criteria: a valid and reliable instrument is accessible in the ward environment (0%), the nursing care documentation supports that the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit instrument is being used (0%) and population assessed for delirium includes all adults over the age of 65, cognitive impairment, dementia, or both, current hip fracture and severe illness (0%). After the evidence-based practice implementation, the follow-up audit revealed up to 100% compliance rates with those criteria, showing that all patients under risk were screened and assessed for delirium. The only exception was the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit use, whose compliance was observed in 80.95% of the medical records. Conclusion These findings support that baseline and follow-up audits allied to a delirium training program, and changes in the electronic nursing records increase the compliance rates related to the evidence-based practice for screening patients under risk and assessing delirium.

O objetivo do trabalho foi validar o método de coleta e análise da solução drenada lixiviada (Método ‘Pour Through’), coletada na drenagem do sistema, por meio da associação com os valores de pH e condutividade elétrica (CE) provenientes da solução extraída por extratores diretamente do substrato no cultivo do morangueiro, bem como verificar o efeito da adição de composto orgânico ao substrato sobre estes parâmetros. Os valores de CE e pH provenientes da solução extraída por extratores inseridos nos substratos e da solução lixiviada coletada na drenagem do sistema foram associados por meio da análise de correlação de Pearson a 1 % de probabilidade. A adição do composto orgânico ao substrato elevou a CE e o pH da solução nutritiva. A análise de correlação acusou forte relação para as leituras de CE (r2= 0,941) e pH (r2= 0,929) entre a solução drenada e a extraída diretamente do substrato. Assim, a solução drenada pelo substrato é representativa das condições da solução no meio radicular, podendo ser empregada com elevada exatidão para o monitoramento da CE e do pH no cultivo do morangueiro em substrato.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the agronomic performance of nine lettuce cultivars (Gloriosa, Pira Verde, Stella, Ceres, Grandes Lagos, Rubinella, Crocantela, Elisa and Vera), in three seasons (autumn-winter, spring and summer) and evaluate the effect of shade netting in spring and summer. Ten experiments were carried out, using the soilless cultivation systems in a sheltered environment. The experimental design was completely randomized, six benches were used in the autumn-winter season and four in both spring and summer, with 44 pots per bench. Lettuce seedlings were transplanted into 3-liter pots filled with sand. During the spring and summer seasons experiments were conducted with and without a 18% black shade netting placed 1.5 m above the plants. Nutritional supply was provided by nutrient solution recirculating in an automatically operated irrigation system. The evaluated traits were as follows: number of leaves, fresh and dry leaf matter, stem length, stem diameter, fresh and dry stem matter, fresh and dry shoot matter, root length and fresh and dry root matter. The cultivars Gloriosa (in autumn-winter), Grandes Lagos and Gloriosa (in the spring) and Crocantela and Vera (in the summer), presented greater matter yield and are deemed the most suitable for cultivation in these seasons. The use of a shade netting within the sheltered environment did not improve the performance of the cultivars and its use is not necessary in the spring and summer.

Multivariate analysis helps to understand the relationships between dependent variables; this methodology has great potential in several areas of knowledge. The aim of this study was to adjust and compare the univariate and multivariate Gompertz and Logistic nonlinear models to describe the productive traits of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.). Two uniformity trials were performed, and the following productive traits were analyzed in 376 sunn hemp plants along 94 days of observations (four plants per day): the fresh mass of leaves (FML), the fresh mass of stem (FMS), and the fresh mass of the aerial parts (FMAP). The Gompertz and Logistic univariate models were adjusted for each productive trait. To adjust the multivariate models, the errors covariance matrix was calculated. The matrix (Cholesky factor) was obtained for each trait, and the multivariate Gompertz (GG) and Logistic (LL) nonlinear models were generated, together with the combination of both models (GL and LG). To define the best model, the residual standard deviation (RSD), the determination coefficient (R2), the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the mean absolute deviation (MAD), and the measures of intrinsic nonlinearity (INL) and parametric nonlinearity (PNL) were calculated. The nonlinear multivariate model LL was adequate and achieved satisfactory results to describe the productive traits of sunn hemp. RESUMO A necessidade de entender o relacionamento entre variáveis dependentes faz da análise multivariada uma metodologia com grande potencial de aplicação em várias áreas do conhecimento. Objetivou-se ajustar e comparar os modelos não lineares univariados e multivariados de Gompertz e Logístico, utilizados na descrição dos caracteres produtivos de crotalária juncea (Crotalaria juncea L.). Foram realizados dois ensaios de uniformidade. Foram avaliados os caracteres produtivos: massa de matéria fresca de folha (MFF), massa de matéria fresca de caule (MFC) e massa de matéria fresca de parte aérea (MFPA), durante 94 dias, sendo avaliadas quatro plantas por dia, totalizando 376 plantas. Os modelos univariados de Gompertz e Logístico foram ajustados para cada caractere produtivo. Para o ajuste dos modelos multivariados, calculou-se a matriz de covariância dos erros. Obteve-se a matriz (fator de Cholesky) para cada caractere e foram gerados os modelos não lineares multivariados de Gompertz (GG), Logístico (LL) e a combinação de ambos os modelos (GL e LG). Para definição do melhor modelo, utilizou-se o desvio padrão residual (DPR), o coeficiente de determinação (R2), critério de informação de Akaike (AIC), desvio médio absoluto (DMA), medida de não linearidade intrínseca (LI) e medida de não linearidade paramétrica (LP). O modelo não linear multivariado LL foi adequado e obteve resultados satisfatórios para descrever os caracteres produtivos de crotalária juncea.

The objective of this study was to fit a logistic model to fresh and dry matters of leaves and fresh and dry matters of shoots of four lettuce cultivars to describe growth in summer. Cultivars Crocantela, Elisa, Rubinela, and Vera were evaluated in the summer of 2017 and 2018, in soil in protected environment and in soilless system. Seven days after transplantation, fresh and dry leaf matters and fresh and dry shoot matters of 8 plants were weighed every 4 days. The model parameters were estimated using the software R, using the least squares method and iterative process of Gauss-Newton. We also estimated the confidence intervals of the parameters, verified the assumptions of the models, calculated the goodness-of-fit measures and the critical points, and quantified the parametric and intrinsic nonlinearities. The logistic growth model fitted well to fresh and dry leaf and shoot matters of cultivars Crocantela, Elisa, Rubinela, and Vera and is indicated to describe the growth of lettuce.

The objectives of this work were to determine the optimum plot size (Xo) and number of repetitions to evaluate the fresh and dry matter of rye (Secale cereale L.), and to investigate the variation of Xo between two cultivars and five sowing times. Thirty uniformity trials were conducted. Each trial with dimensions of 6 × 4 m was divided into 24 basic experimental units (BEU) of 1 × 1 m. Fresh and dry matter of rye were evaluated in the 720 BEU. The Xo was determined by the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation model. The number of repetitions was determined in scenarios formed by combinations of treatments, experimental designs, and levels of precision. The optimal plot sizes to evaluate fresh and dry matter of rye are, respectively, 3.43 and 3.82 m2. Six repetitions are sufficient to evaluate fresh and dry matter in completely randomized and randomized block design with up to 50 treatments and make it possible to obtain a least significant difference less than or equal to 20% of the experiment mean.

La adición de compost orgánico (CO) a la cáscara de arroz cruda (CAC) podría traer beneficios productivos al cultivo del tomate, al conferirle mayor poder buffer y capacidad de retención de agua al sustrato en sistemas con recirculación del lixiviado. Asimismo, es necesaria la elección de variedades que respondan positivamente a la tecnología propuesta. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar los efectos de la adición del CO a la CAC sobre las características físicas y químicas del sustrato [a través de la comparación entre la CAIN (100%) y la mezcla de CAC (80%) + CO (20%)] sobre el crecimiento y el comportamiento productivo de cuatro híbridos de tomate salado [Ivety, Sofhia-F3, Sheila Victoria y Lumi (Sakata® Seed)]. Se evaluaron las características químicas y físicas de los sustratos, la producción (tamaño, número, peso y rendimiento de frutos a lo largo de la cosecha), partición de la materia seca y la concentración de sólidos solubles totales (SST). La adición de CO mejoró las características físicas y químicas del sustrato, pero no afectó las principales variables del crecimiento y de la producción de la hortaliza. Las cuatro variedades presentaron similar crecimiento y rendimiento de frutos pero Sheila Victoria presentó la mayor concentración de SST. El rendimiento obtenido se considera alto, con rangos que van desde 6,3 kg/planta para las variedades Sophya-F3 y Sheila Victoria, 6,5 kg/planta para la variedad Lumi, y 7,6 kg/planta obtenido con la variedad Ivety. Los resultados indican que es innecesaria la adición de CO a la CAC y que las cuatro variedades se adaptan de forma similar al sistema propuesto.

This study aimed to adjust the Gompertz and Logistic nonlinear models for the fresh and dry matter of aerial part and indicate the model that best describes the growth of two rye cultivars in five sowing seasons, as well as to characterize the growth of the cultivars regarding the fresh and dry matter of aerial part. Ten uniformity trials were conducted with the rye crop in 2016. A weekly sampling and evaluation of 10 plants per trial was performed from the time the plants presented one expanded leaf. For each plant, the fresh and dry matter of aerial part were weighed. The Gompertz and Logistic models were adjusted to the accumulated thermal time based on the measures of each trait in each assessment. Also the parameters a, b, and c for each model were estimated and calculated the interval of confidence for each parameter, as well as the inflection points, maximum acceleration, maximum deceleration and asymptotic deceleration. The quality of the model adjustments was verified using the coefficient of determination, Akaike information criterion, and residual standard deviation. The intrinsic nonlinearity and nonlinearity of the parameter effect was quantified. Both models satisfactorily describe the behavior of the fresh and dry matter of aerial part. The Logistic model best describes the growth of rye cultivars. The growth of the cultivars BRS Progresso and Temprano is distinct between sowing seasons. Cultivar BRS Progresso requires a lower thermal time until reaching 50% of its growth when compared to the Temprano cultivar. RESUMO Objetivou-se neste estudo ajustar os modelos não lineares Gompertz e Logístico, para as massas de matéria fresca e seca de parte aérea e indicar o modelo que melhor descreve o crescimento de duas cultivares de centeio em cinco épocas de semeadura e caracterizar o crescimento das cultivares em relação às massas de matéria fresca e seca de parte aérea. Dez ensaios de uniformidade foram conduzidos com a cultura do centeio no ano de 2016. A partir do período que as plantas apresentavam uma folha expandida, iniciou-se, semanalmente, a coleta e avaliação de 10 plantas de cada ensaio. Em cada planta foram pesadas as massas de matéria fresca e seca de parte aérea. Foram ajustados os modelos Gompertz e Logístico em função da soma térmica acumulada, a partir das médias de cada caractere, em cada avaliação. Também, estimaram-se os parâmetros a, b e c para cada modelo e calculou-se o intervalo de confiança para cada parâmetro e os pontos de inflexão, aceleração máxima, desaceleração máxima e desaceleração assintótica. A qualidade do ajuste dos modelos foi verificada pelo coeficiente de determinação, critério de informação de Akaike e desvio padrão residual. Foi quantificada a não linearidade intrínseca e a não linearidade do efeito dos parâmetros. Ambos os modelos descrevem satisfatoriamente o comportamento das massas de matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea. O modelo Logístico descreve melhor o crescimento das cultivares de centeio. O crescimento das cultivares BRS Progresso e Temprano é distinto entre as épocas de semeadura. A cultivar BRS Progresso necessita menor soma térmica até atingir 50% de seu crescimento quando comparada com a cultivar Temprano.

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh matter of aerial part of dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), cultivar IAPAR 43 (Arata), in scenarios formed by combinations of numbers of treatments, number of replications, and precision levels. The fresh matter of aerial part was weighed on basic experimental units of 1 m × 1 m in three uniformity trials with size of 24 m × 12 m (288 m2 in each trial). The soil heterogeneity index of Smith was estimated. Also, the optimum plot size was determined by Hatheway’s method in scenarios formed by combinations of i treatments (i = 5, 10, 15, and 20), r replications (r = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 8, 9, and 10), and d precision levels (d = 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%). In experiments designed on randomized block design with 5 to 20 treatments and four replications, plots with 9 m2 were enough to identify significant differences among treatments regarding the fresh matter of aerial part in dwarf pigeon pea at 5% probability of 30% of the experiment overall mean.

This study aimed to fit the Gompertz and Logistic growth models to evaluate the description of fresh and dry masses of shoot as a function of accumulated thermal sum and accumulated solar radiation, to compare the fittings, and to indicate which one best describes the growth of two sudangrass cultivars at four sowing times. Eight uniformity trials were conducted with the sudangrass crop. Five plants were collected from each trial for weighing of fresh and dry shoot masses. These evaluations were carried out three times a week starting from 15 days after plant emergence. The Gompertz and Logistic models were fitted to the masses as a function of accumulated thermal sum and accumulated solar radiation. The parameters and their confidence intervals were estimated. The points of maximum acceleration, inflection, maximum deceleration and asymptotic deceleration, and fit quality indicators were calculated. The intrinsic nonlinearity and the parameter-effects nonlinearity were quantified. The independent variables accumulated thermal sum and accumulated solar radiation can be used to fit the models. Both models satisfactorily describe the growth of fresh and dry shoot masses of cultivars BRS Estribo and CG Farrapo. The Logistic model is more accurate.

The objectives of this study were to adjust the Gompertz and logistic models to fit the fresh and dry matters of leaves and fresh and dry matters of shoots of four lettuce cultivars and indicate the model that best describes the growth in spring. Cultivars Ceres, Gloriosa, Grandes Lagos, and Rubinela were grown in protected environment and in soilless system, in the spring of 2016 and 2017. Seven days after transplantation, fresh and dry leaf matters and fresh and dry shoot matters were weighed every four days until beginning of flowering. The Gompertz and logistic models were adjusted as a function of accumulated thermal sum. The parameters of the Gompertz and logistic models and their confidence intervals were estimated, the assumptions of the models were verified, the goodness-of-fit measures and critical points were calculated, and the parametric and intrinsic nonlinearities quantified. The logistic and Gompertz growth models fitted well to fresh and dry leaf and shoot matters of cultivars Ceres, Gloriosa, Grandes Lagos, and Rubinela, under spring conditions. The logistic model is the most suitable to describe the growth of lettuce cultivars.

Homeopathic medicines may present differentiated responses in the cultivation of medicinal plants, altering the plant metabolism. The aim was to verify and describe the pathogenic symptoms caused by the application of Phosphorus in the cultivation of chamomile, aiming at the production of flowers. Four dynamizations, 3CH, 6CH, 12CH and 30CH (centesimal scale: CH = centesimal hahnemannian), were evaluated in the Mandirituba chamomile cultivar. Control pots received only distilled water and 70% alcohol in the same amount and proportion of homeopathic medicine. The variables analyzed from the harvest of the flowers are related to the parameters of inflorescence and plant production of chamomile. There was no difference between the dynamizations applied for the number of flowers plant-1, dry mass plant-1, dry mass hectare-1, number of branches and plant height. The characters of flowers mass plant-1, and production of fresh and dried flowers did not differ from the averages presented by the witnesses; however, in the 30CH dynamization, values higher than the others were observed, as well as for fresh mass plant-1 and hectare-1. The diameter and the height of the flower expressed better results in the 3CH dynamization. The application of Phosphorus promotes pathogenesis in the cultivation of chamomile with increases in the characters related to the inflorescence.

The objective of this study was to determine the sample size to estimate the traits mean in cultivars and sowing times, at flowering of rye culture. Ten uniformity trials were performed combining two cultivars in five sowing times. In the flowering of culture, in 100 plants of each uniformity trial, eleven traits were evaluated. The descriptive statistics was calculated and it was determined the sample size to estimate the mean in levels of precision (amplitude of the confidence interval of 95% for 5, 10, …, 35% of the mean) by resampling with replacement. The cob length presented the lowest variability among the eleven traits and, consequently, smaller sample size in both cultivars and five sowing time. There is variability in the sample size to estimate the mean among the traits, cultivars and sowing times. The measurement of 425, 276, 189 and 138 plants in cultivar BRS Progresso and 642, 413, 285 and 211 plants in cultivar Temprano, are enough to estimate the mean amplitude of the confidence interval of 95% maximum of 20, 25, 30 and 35%, respectively, for all the traits and sowing times.

O risco de transmissão placentária para o feto, associados à susceptibilidade de neuroinvasão pelo vírus 17D levaram à recomendação de que a vacina contra febre amarela (FA) não fosse administrada durante a gravidez. Pretendeu-se avaliar o efeito desta no desempenho gestacional de camundongos prenhes. Os resultados mostraram decréscimo na viabilidade fetal causado pela vacinação. Reatividade ao antígeno da FA foi observada nos tecidos hepáticos maternos e de fetos vivos. Na placenta, o antígeno viral não foi observado na barreira materno-fetal. Nos fetos natimortos e em reabsorção, esta passagem pareceu mais acentuada; reatividade foi observada em diversos órgãos. O antígeno viral foi detectado em todas as regiões placentárias. A detecção de RNA viral nas amostras indica que há atividade viral nos tecidos fetais. Nossos achados indicam que há fases gestacionais mais susceptíveis à infecção viral vacinal e que podem determinar perdas fetais. A presença do antígeno e de atividade viral no fígado fetal sugere que o vírus vacinal é transmitido da mãe para o feto. The risk of placental transmission to the fetus, associated with susceptibility to neuroinvasion of the 17D virus led to the recommendation that the vaccine against yellow fever (YF) was not administered during pregnancy. Intended to evaluate the effect of the vaccine in gestational performance of pregnant mice. The results showed a decrease in fetal viability caused by vaccination. Antigen reactivity of YF was observed in maternal and live fetuses liver tissue. In the placenta, the viral antigen was not observed in maternal-fetal barrier. In the stillborn fetuses and resorption, this passage seemed more pronounced; reactivity was observed in several organs. The viral antigen was detected in all placental regions. The detection of viral RNA in the samples indicates that there is viral activity in fetal tissues. Our findings indicate that there are stages of pregnancy more susceptible to viral vaccine infection that could determine fetal loss. The presence of the antigen and viral activity in fetal liver suggests that the vaccine virus is transmitted from mother to fetus.

Com o objetivo de determinar o efeito da densidade de plantio sobre o crescimento da planta, a produtividade e características químicas relacionadas à qualidade organoléptica das frutas da cultivar de morangueiro Camino Real em sistema hidropônico do tipo NFT, diferentes densidades de plantio foram avaliadas: 15,0; 12,5; 10,7 e 9,3 plantas m-2, correspondentes ao espaçamento entre plantas de 0,25; 0,30; 0,35 e 0,40 m, sendo fixado o espaçamento entre linhas de 0,18 m. O sistema NFT foi constituído por bancadas de telhas de fibrocimento de 1,10 x 2,44 m, considerando-se cada ondulação côncava da telha como um canal de cultivo. O transplante foi realizado em 26-04-2010, encerrando-se o experimento em 05-01-2011. Avaliaram-se a matéria fresca e seca de folhas, coroa, raízes e frutas, a área foliar, o número de frutas e o peso médio das frutas. Amostras das frutas foram analisadas em relação ao teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) e à acidez total titulável (ATT). Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o crescimento e a produtividade individual das plantas da cultivar de morangueiro Camino Real não são afetados pela elevação da densidade de plantio, no intervalo entre 9,3 e 15,0 plantas m-2. O crescimento e a produtividade por unidade de área, bem como a concentração de sólidos solúveis totais e a relação SST/ATT apresentam resposta linear ao incremento da densidade de plantio. Sugere-se a adoção da densidade de 12,5 plantas m-2, que proporcionaria rendimento mais elevado (2,79 kg m-2) de frutas com adequadas características organolépticas e redução no número de mudas necessárias, em relação à densidade de 15,0 plantas m-2. Existe a necessidade de desenvolver estudos adicionais com a cultivar Camino Real, a fim de promover adaptações no sistema e verificar a viabilidade econômica de seu cultivo em hidroponia. Aiming to determine the effect of plant density on plant growth, yield and chemical characteristics related to the organoleptic quality of Camino Real strawberry fruits in NFT hydroponic system, different plant densities were evaluated: 15.0, 12.5, 10.7 and 9.3 plants m-2, corresponding to the plant space of 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 and 0.40 m and a fixed row space of 0.18m. The NFT system consisted of cultivation benches made of 1.10 x 2.44 m cement tile. Each cement tile gutter was considering a growing trough. Setting was on 04/26/2010 and the trial finished data was on 01/05/2011. Fresh and dry matter of leaves, crown, roots and fruit, leaf area, fruit number and medium fruit weigh were evaluated. Fruit samples were analyzed for total soluble solids content (TSS) and titratable total acidity (TTA). Based on the results, it can be concluded that growth and yield of individual plants of strawberry cultivar Camino Real are not affect by increasing plant density in the range from 9.3 to 15.0 plants m-2. Growth and yield per square meter, as well as total soluble solids content and TSS/TTA ratio of fruits present linear response to the increasing plant density. We suggest the adoption of 12.5 plants m-2, which provides higher fruit yield (2.79kg m-2) with appropriate organoleptic characteristics and reduction in the number of plants required in relation to 15.0 plants m-2 plant density. It is necessary to carry additional studies on cultivar Camino Real in order to promote changes in the system and check the economic feasibility of its cultivation in hydroponics.