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889 results on '"Fernandes, I"'

6. A T-shaped double quantum dot system as a Fano interferometer: interplay of coherence and correlation upon spin currents

Author

Fernandes, I. L. and Cabrera, G. G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Based on Keldysh non-equilibrium Green function method, we have investigated spin current production in a hybrid T-shaped device, consisting of a central quantum dot connected to the leads and a side dot which only couples to the central dot. The topology of this structure allows for quantum interference of the different paths that go across the device, yielding Fano resonances in the spin dependent transport properties. Correlation effects are taken into account at the central dot and handled within a mean field approximation. Its interplay with the Fano effect is analyzed in the strong coupling regime. Non-vanishing spin currents are only obtained when the leads are ferromagnetic, the current being strongly dependent on the relative orientation of the lead polarizations. We calculate the conductance (spin and charge) by numerically differentiating the current, and a rich structure is obtained as a manifestation of quantum coherence and correlation effects. Increase of the Coulomb interaction produces localization of states at the side dot, largely suppressing Fano resonances. The interaction is also responsible for the negative values of the spin conductance in some regions of the voltage near resonances, effect which is the spin analog of the Esaki tunnel diode. We also analyze control of the currents via gate voltages applied to the dots, possibility which is interesting for practical operations., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures

Published
2018
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10. A Tool for Tridimensional Proprioceptive Evaluation

Author

Gonçalves, C. R., Aramaki, R. S., Silva, A. N., Fernandes, I. G., Cresto, A. C. T., Soares, A. B., Magjarevic, Ratko, Series Editor, Ładyżyński, Piotr, Associate Editor, Ibrahim, Fatimah, Associate Editor, Lackovic, Igor, Associate Editor, Rock, Emilio Sacristan, Associate Editor, Costa-Felix, Rodrigo, editor, Machado, João Carlos, editor, and Alvarenga, André Victor, editor

Published
2019
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11. FM 047-02: a collisional pair of galaxies with a ring

Author

Faundez-Abans, M., de Oliveira-Abans, M., Krabbe, A. C., da Rocha-Poppe, P. C., Fernandes-Martin, V. A., and Fernandes, I. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Aims. We investigate the nature of the galaxy pair FM 047-02, which has been proposed as an archetype of the Solitaire types of peculiar (collisional) ring galaxies. Methods. The study is based on long-slit spectrophotometric data in the range of 3500-9500 angstrons obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object, Comment: 07 pages, 06 figures, 02 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1206.0719

Published
2013
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16. Imagery and long-slit spectroscopy of the Polar-Ring Galaxy AM2020-504

Author

Freitas-Lemes, P., Rodrigues, I., Faúndez-Abans, M., Dors, O., and Fernandes, I. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Interactions between galaxies are very common. There are special kinds of interactions that produce systems called Polar Ring Galaxies (PRGs), composed by a lenticular, elliptical, or spiral host galaxy, surrounded by a ring of stars and gas, orbiting in an approximately polar plane. The present work aims to study AM2020-504, a PRG with an elliptical host galaxy, and a narrow and well defined ring, probably formed by accretion of material from a donor galaxy, collected by the host galaxy. Our observational study was based on BVRI broad band imagery as well as longslit spectroscopy in the wavelenght range 4100--8600\AA, performed at the 1.6m telescope at the Observat\'orio do Pico dos Dias (OPD), Brazil. We estimated a redshift of z= 0.01683, corresponding a heliocentric radial velocity of 5045 +/-23 km/s. The (B-R) color map shows that the ring is bluer than the host galaxy, indicating that the ring is a younger structure. Standard diagnostic diagrams were used to classify the main ionizing source of selected emission-line regions (nucleus, host galaxy and ring). It turns out that the ring regions are mainly ionized by massive stars while the nucleus presents AGN characteristics. Using two empirical methods, we found oxygen abundances for the HII regions located in the ring in the range 12+log(O/H)=8.3-8.8 dex, the presence of an oxygen gradient across the ring, and that AM2020-504 follows the metallicity-luminosity relation of spiral galaxies. These results support the accretion scenario for this object and rules out cold accretion as source for the HI gas in the polar ring.

Published
2012
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17. A study of the remarkable galaxy system AM 546-324 (the core of Abell S0546)

Author

Faúndez-Abans, M., Krabbe, A. C., Oliveira-Abans, M., Poppe, P. C. da Rocha, Rodrigues, I., Martin, V. A. Fernandes, and Fernandes, I. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We report first results of an investigation of the tidally disturbed galaxy system AM\,546-324, whose two principal galaxies 2MFGC 04711 and AM\,0546-324 (NED02) were previously classified as interacting doubles. This system was selected to study the interaction of ellipticals in a moderately dense environment. We provide spectral characteristics of the system and present an observational study of the interaction effects on the morphology, kinematics, and stellar population of these galaxies. The study is based on long-slit spectrophotometric data in the range of $\sim$ 4500-8000 $\AA$ obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spetrograph at Gemini South (GMOS-S). We have used the stellar population synthesis code STARLIGHT to investigate the star formation history of these galaxies. The Gemini/GMOS-S direct r-G0303 broad band pointing image was used to enhance and study fine morphological structures. The main absorption lines in the spectra were used to determine the radial velocity. Along the whole long-slit signal, the spectra of the Shadowy galaxy (discovered by us), 2MFGC 04711, and AM\,0546-324 (NED02) resemble that of an early-type galaxy. We estimated redshifts of z= 0.0696, z= 0.0693 and z= 0.0718, corresponding to heliocentric velocities of 20\,141 km s$^{-1}$, 20\,057 km s$^{-1}$, and 20\,754 km s$^{-1}$ for the Shadowy galaxy, 2MFGC 04711 and AM\,0546-324 (NED02), respectively. ...

Published
2012
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20. Slit Observations and Empirical Calculations for HII Regions

Author

Fernandes, I. F., Gruenwald, R., and Viegas, S. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

When analysing HII regions, a possible source of systematic error on empirically derived physical quantities is the limited size of the slit used for the observations. A grid of photoionization models was built through the Aangaba code varying the ionizing radiation spectrum emitted by a stellar cluster, as well as the gas abundance. The calculated line surface brightness was then used to simulate slit observations and to derive empirical parameters using the usual methods described in the literature. Depending on the fraction of the object covered by the slit, the parameters can be different from those obtained from observations of the whole object, an effect that is mainly dependent on the age of the ionizing stellar cluster. The low-ionization forbidden lines are more sensitive to the size of the area covered by the slit than the high-ionization forbidden lines or recombination lines. Regarding the temperature indicator T[OIII], the slit effects are small since this temperature is derived from [OIII] lines. On the other hand, for the abundance indicator R23, which depends also on the [OII] line, the slit effect is slightly higher. Therefore, the systematic error due to slit observations on the O abundance is low, being usually less than 10%, except for HII regions powered by stellar clusters with a relative low number of ionizing photons between 13.6 and 54.4 eV, which create a smaller O++ emitting volume. In this case, the systematic error on the empirical O abundance deduced from slit observations is more than 10% when the covered area is less than 50%., Comment: To be published in MNRAS, accepted in 09/09/2005, 17 pages and 6 figures

Published
2005
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21. Massive Star Populations in Wolf-Rayet Galaxies

Author

Fernandes, I. F., de Carvalho, R., Contini, T., and Gal, R. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We analyze longslit spectral observations of fourteen Wolf-Rayet galaxies from the sample of Schaerer, Contini & Pindao (1999). All 14 galaxies show broad Wolf-Rayet emission in the blue region of the spectrum, consisting of a blend of NIII4640, CIII4650, CIV4658, and HeII4686 emission lines, which is a spectral characteristic of WN stars. Broad CIV5808 emission, termed the red bump, is detected in 9 galaxies and CIII5996 is detected in 6 galaxies. These emission features are due to WC stars. We derive the numbers of late WN and early WC stars from the luminosity of the blue and red bumps, respectively. The number of O stars is estimated from the luminosity of the Hbeta emission line, after subtracting the contribution of WR stars. The Schaerer & Vacca 1998 (hereafter SV98) models predict that the number of WR stars relative to O stars, N_WR/N_O, increases with metallicity. For low metallicity galaxies, the results agree with predictions of evolutionary synthesis models for galaxies with a burst of star formation, and indicates an IMF slope -2 < Gamma < -2.35 in the low metallicity regime. For high metallicity galaxies our observations suggest a Salpeter IMF (Gamma = -2.35) and an extended short burst. The main possible sources of error are the adopted luminosities for single WCE and WNL stars. We also report, for the first time, NGC 450 as a galaxy with WR characteristics., Comment: 34 pages. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2004
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22. Impacts of diffuse urban stressors on stream benthic communities and ecosystem functioning: A review

Author

Colls, M., Viza, A., Zufiarre, A., Camacho-Santamans, A., Laini, A., González-Ferreras, A.M., Filipe, A.F., Pérez-Calpe, A.V., Freixa, A., Lupon, A., Santamans, A.C., Pradhan, A., Espinosa, C., Vera-Trujillo, C., Gutiérrez-Cánovas, C., Mendoza-Lera, C., Bruno, D., Mercado-Bettin, D., Morant, D., Batista, D., Cunillera-Montcusi, D., Graça, D., Vico-Oton, E., Estévez, E., Leon-Palmero, E., Suarez, E.L., Fenoy, E., Lima, E., Picazo, F., Oficialdegui, F.J., Keck, F., Gionchetta, G., Sabas, I., Pérez-Silos, I., Antunes, I., Alvarez-Manzaneda, I., de Guzmán, I., Fernandes, I., Pereira da Silva, J., Wei, J., Montes-Pérez, J.J., Trabulo, J., Ledesma, J.L.J., Fernandez-Calero, J.M., Ramião, J.P., Rubio-Rios, J., Gonzalez-Trujillo, J.D., Barral-Fraga, L., Jiménez, L., Vendrell-Puigmitja, L., Bertrans, L., Gomez-Gener, L., Rovelli, L., Thuile Bistarelli, L., Sanchez-Morales, M., Cabrerizo, M.J., Aranguren-Gassis, M., Argudo, M., Navarro-Ramos, M.J., Atristain, M., Lopez-Rojo, N., Valiente, N., Perujo, Nuria, Pereda, O., Llanos-Paez, O., Belmar, O., Tascon-Peña, O., Rodriguez-Lozano, P., de Pedro, R.S., Arias-Real, R., Bolpagni, R., del Campo, R., Poblador, S., Guareschi, S., Hilgert, S., Duarte, S., Rodriguez-Castillo, T., Chonova, T., Conejo-Orosa, T., Céspedes, V., Granados, V., Osorio, V., Vazquez, V., Martin-Vélez, V., Romero, F., Colls, M., Viza, A., Zufiarre, A., Camacho-Santamans, A., Laini, A., González-Ferreras, A.M., Filipe, A.F., Pérez-Calpe, A.V., Freixa, A., Lupon, A., Santamans, A.C., Pradhan, A., Espinosa, C., Vera-Trujillo, C., Gutiérrez-Cánovas, C., Mendoza-Lera, C., Bruno, D., Mercado-Bettin, D., Morant, D., Batista, D., Cunillera-Montcusi, D., Graça, D., Vico-Oton, E., Estévez, E., Leon-Palmero, E., Suarez, E.L., Fenoy, E., Lima, E., Picazo, F., Oficialdegui, F.J., Keck, F., Gionchetta, G., Sabas, I., Pérez-Silos, I., Antunes, I., Alvarez-Manzaneda, I., de Guzmán, I., Fernandes, I., Pereira da Silva, J., Wei, J., Montes-Pérez, J.J., Trabulo, J., Ledesma, J.L.J., Fernandez-Calero, J.M., Ramião, J.P., Rubio-Rios, J., Gonzalez-Trujillo, J.D., Barral-Fraga, L., Jiménez, L., Vendrell-Puigmitja, L., Bertrans, L., Gomez-Gener, L., Rovelli, L., Thuile Bistarelli, L., Sanchez-Morales, M., Cabrerizo, M.J., Aranguren-Gassis, M., Argudo, M., Navarro-Ramos, M.J., Atristain, M., Lopez-Rojo, N., Valiente, N., Perujo, Nuria, Pereda, O., Llanos-Paez, O., Belmar, O., Tascon-Peña, O., Rodriguez-Lozano, P., de Pedro, R.S., Arias-Real, R., Bolpagni, R., del Campo, R., Poblador, S., Guareschi, S., Hilgert, S., Duarte, S., Rodriguez-Castillo, T., Chonova, T., Conejo-Orosa, T., Céspedes, V., Granados, V., Osorio, V., Vazquez, V., Martin-Vélez, V., and Romero, F.

Abstract

Catchment urbanisation results in urban streams being exposed to a multitude of stressors. Notably, stressors originating from diffuse sources have received less attention than stressors originating from point sources. Here, advances related to diffuse urban stressors and their consequences for stream benthic communities are summarised by reviewing 92 articles. Based on the search criteria, the number of articles dealing with diffuse urban stressors in streams has been increasing, and most of them focused on North America, Europe, and China. Land use was the most common measure used to characterize diffuse stressor sources in urban streams (70.7 % of the articles characterised land use), and chemical stressors (inorganic nutrients, xenobiotics, metals, and water properties, including pH and conductivity) were more frequently reported than physical or biological stressors. A total of 53.3 % of the articles addressed the impact of urban stressors on macroinvertebrates, while 35.9 % focused on bacteria, 9.8 % on fungi, and 8.7 % on algae. Regarding ecosystem functions, almost half of the articles (43.5 %) addressed changes in community dynamics, 40.3 % addressed organic matter decomposition, and 33.9 % addressed nutrient cycling. When comparing urban and non-urban streams, the reviewed studies suggest that urbanisation negatively impacts the diversity of benthic organisms, leading to shifts in community composition. These changes imply functional degradation of streams. The results of the present review summarise the knowledge gained to date and identify its main gaps to help improve our understanding of urban streams.

Published
2023

23. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author

Hyde, K.D., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P.D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A.M., Akulov, O.Y., Aleoshin, V.V., Al-Sadi, A.M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T.B., Anderson, J., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C.C.S., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D.M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A.H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D.F., Baral, H.O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F., Barbosa, R.N., Barreto, R.W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D.B., Bennett Reuel, M., Bera, I., Bezerra, J.D.P., Bezerra, J.L., Bhat, D.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Bianchinotti, M.V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M.E.S., Caeiro, M.F., Cai, L., Cai, M.F., Calabon, M.S., Calaça, F.J.S., Callalli, M., Camara, M.P.S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J.R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M.D.V., Cavalcanti, L.H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M.L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C.Y., Chen, K.H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W.H., Chen, Y.P., Chethana, K.W.T., Coleine, C., Condé, T.O., Corazon-Guivin, M.A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D.H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J.A., Crous, P.W., Cui, B.K., Cui, Y.Y., da Silva, D.K.A., da Silva, G.A., da Silva, I.R., da Silva, R.M.F., da Silva Santos, A.C., Dai, D.Q., Dai, Y.C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Daroodi, Z., Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E.A., Dayarathne, M.C., Decock, C., de Groot, M.D., De Kesel, A., dela Cruz, T.E.E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C.M., Denchev, T.T., de Oliveira, N.T., de Silva, N.I., de Souza, F.A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J.C., Dima, B., Diniz, A.G., Dissanayake, A.J., Dissanayake, L.S., Doğan, H.H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z.Y., Dos Santos, L.A., Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Du, T.Y., Dubey, M.K., Dutta, A.K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T.F., Elshahed, M.S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H.C., Fan, X.L., Fan, Y.G., Fedosova, A.G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A.L., Fiuza, P.O., Flakus, A., Fragoso de Souza, C.A., Frisvad, J.C., Fryar, S.C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A.J., Galindo, L.J., Gannibal, P.B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S.R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A.K., Ge, Z.W., Gené, D.J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A.J., T.b., Gibertoni, Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., Gomes de Farias, A.R., Gorjón, S.P., Goto, B.T., Granados-Montero, M.M., Griffith, G.W., Groenewald, J.Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H.P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L.F.P., Gutierrez, A.C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y.F., Hapuarachchi, K.K., Harder, C.B., Harrington, T.C., Hattori, T., He, M.Q., He, S., He, S.H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K.T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S.K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Hustad, V.P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jayalal, R.G.U., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G.H., Jesus, A.L., Jin, J., Johnston, P.R., Jones, E.B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G.P., Kang, J.C., Karimi, O., Karpov, S.A., Karunarathna, S.C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P.M., Kitaura, M.J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K.H., Latha, K.P.D., Lee, H.B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D.L., Lestari, A.S., Li, C.J.Y., Li, D.W., Li, H., Li, H.Y., Li, L., Li, Q.R., Li, W.L., Li, Y., Li, Y.C., Liao, C.F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y.W., Lin, C.G., Linaldeddu, B.T., Linde, C.C., Linn, M.M., Liu, F., Liu, J.K., Liu, N.G., Liu, S., Liu, S.L., Liu, X.F., Liu, X.Y., Liu, X.Z., Liu, Z.B., Lu, L., Lu, Y.Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z.L., Ma, J., Machado, A.R., Madagammana, A.D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D.S., Manawasinghe, I.S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D.S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, Tom W., McKenzie, E.H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R.F.R., Mendes, A.R.L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q.F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N Jr., Mešić, A., Meza Calvo, J.G., Mikhailov, K.V., Miller, S.L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J.M., Monteiro, J.S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H.M., Moreau, P.A., Mueller, G.M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L.G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C.M., Nascimento, C.C., Nei, Y., Neves, M.A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A.G.T., Nilsson, R.H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M.T., Noordeloos, M.E., Norphanphoun, C., Nuñez Otaño, N.B., O’Donnell, R.P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, F.P., Pang, K.L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, Olinto Liparini, Perera, R.H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A.J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C.L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C.A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K.N.A., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Rämä, Teppo, Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A.R., Raza, M., Ren, G.C., Robledo, G.L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L.R., Salvador-Montoya, C.A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B.C., Samarakoon, M.C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santiago, A.L.C.M.A., Santamaria, B., Santos, A.C.S., Sarma, V.V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R.K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, Laura, Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I.C., Seto, K., Shabashova, T.G., Shen, H.W., Shen, Y.M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Simmons, D.R., Singh, R., Sir, E.B., Song, C.G., Souza-Motta C.M. Sruthi, O.P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A.M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S.L., Strassert, J.F.H., Su, H.L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y.F., Sun, Y.R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T.H., Tanaka, Kazuaki, Tang, A.M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J.B., Tavakol, N.M., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D.S., Thamodini, G.K., Thines, Marco, Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P.V., Tian, Q., Tian, W.H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, Dhanushka, Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W.A., Uzunov, B.A., Valle, L.G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R.K., Vieira, L.C., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A.K., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wang, C.G., Wang, K., Wang, S.X., Wang, X.Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D.P., Wei, X.L., White, J.F., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wijesinghe, S.N., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F.R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H.X., Wu, N., Wu, W.P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y.P., Xiong, Y.R., Xu, L.J., Xu, R., Xu, R.F., Xu, R.J., Xu, T.M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J.Y., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yang, Z.L., Yang, Y.H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N.H., Yu, F.M., Yu, Q., Yu, X.D., Yu, Y.X., Yu, Z.F., Yuan, H.S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, Andrey, Zafari, D., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, Rasoul, Zeng, M., Zeng, N.K., Zeng, X.Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J.F., Zhang, J.Y., Zhang, Q.Y., Zhang, S.N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y.X., Zhao, C.L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R.L., Zhou, L.W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M.P., Zin, H.H., Zucconi, L., Hyde, K.D., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P.D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A.M., Akulov, O.Y., Aleoshin, V.V., Al-Sadi, A.M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T.B., Anderson, J., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C.C.S., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D.M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A.H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D.F., Baral, H.O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F., Barbosa, R.N., Barreto, R.W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D.B., Bennett Reuel, M., Bera, I., Bezerra, J.D.P., Bezerra, J.L., Bhat, D.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Bianchinotti, M.V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M.E.S., Caeiro, M.F., Cai, L., Cai, M.F., Calabon, M.S., Calaça, F.J.S., Callalli, M., Camara, M.P.S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J.R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M.D.V., Cavalcanti, L.H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M.L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C.Y., Chen, K.H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W.H., Chen, Y.P., Chethana, K.W.T., Coleine, C., Condé, T.O., Corazon-Guivin, M.A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D.H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J.A., Crous, P.W., Cui, B.K., Cui, Y.Y., da Silva, D.K.A., da Silva, G.A., da Silva, I.R., da Silva, R.M.F., da Silva Santos, A.C., Dai, D.Q., Dai, Y.C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Daroodi, Z., Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E.A., Dayarathne, M.C., Decock, C., de Groot, M.D., De Kesel, A., dela Cruz, T.E.E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C.M., Denchev, T.T., de Oliveira, N.T., de Silva, N.I., de Souza, F.A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J.C., Dima, B., Diniz, A.G., Dissanayake, A.J., Dissanayake, L.S., Doğan, H.H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z.Y., Dos Santos, L.A., Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Du, T.Y., Dubey, M.K., Dutta, A.K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T.F., Elshahed, M.S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H.C., Fan, X.L., Fan, Y.G., Fedosova, A.G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A.L., Fiuza, P.O., Flakus, A., Fragoso de Souza, C.A., Frisvad, J.C., Fryar, S.C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A.J., Galindo, L.J., Gannibal, P.B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S.R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A.K., Ge, Z.W., Gené, D.J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A.J., T.b., Gibertoni, Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., Gomes de Farias, A.R., Gorjón, S.P., Goto, B.T., Granados-Montero, M.M., Griffith, G.W., Groenewald, J.Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H.P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L.F.P., Gutierrez, A.C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y.F., Hapuarachchi, K.K., Harder, C.B., Harrington, T.C., Hattori, T., He, M.Q., He, S., He, S.H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K.T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S.K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Hustad, V.P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jayalal, R.G.U., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G.H., Jesus, A.L., Jin, J., Johnston, P.R., Jones, E.B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G.P., Kang, J.C., Karimi, O., Karpov, S.A., Karunarathna, S.C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P.M., Kitaura, M.J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K.H., Latha, K.P.D., Lee, H.B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D.L., Lestari, A.S., Li, C.J.Y., Li, D.W., Li, H., Li, H.Y., Li, L., Li, Q.R., Li, W.L., Li, Y., Li, Y.C., Liao, C.F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y.W., Lin, C.G., Linaldeddu, B.T., Linde, C.C., Linn, M.M., Liu, F., Liu, J.K., Liu, N.G., Liu, S., Liu, S.L., Liu, X.F., Liu, X.Y., Liu, X.Z., Liu, Z.B., Lu, L., Lu, Y.Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z.L., Ma, J., Machado, A.R., Madagammana, A.D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D.S., Manawasinghe, I.S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D.S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, Tom W., McKenzie, E.H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R.F.R., Mendes, A.R.L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q.F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N Jr., Mešić, A., Meza Calvo, J.G., Mikhailov, K.V., Miller, S.L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J.M., Monteiro, J.S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H.M., Moreau, P.A., Mueller, G.M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L.G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C.M., Nascimento, C.C., Nei, Y., Neves, M.A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A.G.T., Nilsson, R.H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M.T., Noordeloos, M.E., Norphanphoun, C., Nuñez Otaño, N.B., O’Donnell, R.P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, F.P., Pang, K.L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, Olinto Liparini, Perera, R.H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A.J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C.L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C.A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K.N.A., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Rämä, Teppo, Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A.R., Raza, M., Ren, G.C., Robledo, G.L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L.R., Salvador-Montoya, C.A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B.C., Samarakoon, M.C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santiago, A.L.C.M.A., Santamaria, B., Santos, A.C.S., Sarma, V.V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R.K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, Laura, Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I.C., Seto, K., Shabashova, T.G., Shen, H.W., Shen, Y.M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Simmons, D.R., Singh, R., Sir, E.B., Song, C.G., Souza-Motta C.M. Sruthi, O.P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A.M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S.L., Strassert, J.F.H., Su, H.L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y.F., Sun, Y.R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T.H., Tanaka, Kazuaki, Tang, A.M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J.B., Tavakol, N.M., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D.S., Thamodini, G.K., Thines, Marco, Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P.V., Tian, Q., Tian, W.H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, Dhanushka, Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W.A., Uzunov, B.A., Valle, L.G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R.K., Vieira, L.C., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A.K., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wang, C.G., Wang, K., Wang, S.X., Wang, X.Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D.P., Wei, X.L., White, J.F., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wijesinghe, S.N., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F.R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H.X., Wu, N., Wu, W.P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y.P., Xiong, Y.R., Xu, L.J., Xu, R., Xu, R.F., Xu, R.J., Xu, T.M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J.Y., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yang, Z.L., Yang, Y.H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N.H., Yu, F.M., Yu, Q., Yu, X.D., Yu, Y.X., Yu, Z.F., Yuan, H.S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, Andrey, Zafari, D., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, Rasoul, Zeng, M., Zeng, N.K., Zeng, X.Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J.F., Zhang, J.Y., Zhang, Q.Y., Zhang, S.N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y.X., Zhao, C.L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R.L., Zhou, L.W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M.P., Zin, H.H., and Zucconi, L.

Abstract

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, ‘to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation’, or ‘are there too many genera in the Boletales?’ and even more importantly, ‘what should be done with the tremendously diverse ‘dark fungal taxa?’ There are undeniable differences in mycologists’ perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based

Published
2023

24. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author

Hyde, KD, Abdel-Wahab, MA, Abdollahzadeh, J, Abeywickrama, PD, Absalan, S, Afshari, N, Ainsworth, AM, Akulov, OY, Aleoshin, VV, Al-Sadi, AM, Alvarado, P, Alves, A, Alves-Silva, G, Amalfi, M, Amira, Y, Amuhenage, TB, Anderson, J, Antonín, V, Aouali, S, Aptroot, A, Apurillo, CCS, Araújo, JPM, Ariyawansa, HA, Armand, A, Arumugam, E, Asghari, R, Assis, DMA, Atienza, V, Avasthi, S, Azevedo, E, Bahkali, AH, Bakhshi, M, Banihashemi, Z, Bao, DF, Baral, HO, Barata, M, Barbosa, F, Barbosa, RN, Barreto, RW, Baschien, C, Belamesiatseva, DB, Bennett Reuel, M, Bera, I, Bezerra, JDP, Bezerra, JL, Bhat, DJ, Bhunjun, CS, Bianchinotti, MV, Błaszkowski, J, Blondelle, A, Boekhout, T, Bonito, G, Boonmee, S, Boonyuen, N, Bregant, C, Buchanan, P, Bundhun, D, Burgaud, G, Burgess, T, Buyck, B, Cabarroi-Hernández, M, Cáceres, MES, Caeiro, MF, Cai, L, Cai, MF, Calabon, MS, Calaça, FJS, Callalli, M, Cano-Lira, JF, Cantillo, T, Cao, B, Carlavilla, JR, Carvalho, A, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Castlebury, L, Castro-Jauregui, O, Catania, MDV, Cavalcanti, LH, Cazabonne, J, Cedeño-Sanchez, ML, Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S, Chaiwan, N, Chakraborty, N, Chaverri, P, Cheewangkoon, R, Chen, C, Chen, CY, Chen, KH, Chen, J, Chen, Q, Chen, WH, Chen, YP, Chethana, KWT, Coleine, C, Condé, TO, Corazon-Guivin, MA, Cortés-Pérez, A, Costa-Rezende, DH, Courtecuisse, R, Crouch, JA, Crous, PW, Cui, BK, Cui, YY, da Silva, DKA, da Silva, GA, da Silva, IR, da Silva, RMF, da Silva Santos, AC, Dai, DQ, Dai, YC, Damm, U, Darmostuk, V, Daroodi, Zoha, Das, K, Davoodian, N, Davydov, EA, Dayarathne, MC, Decock, C, de Groot, MD, De Kesel, A, dela Cruz, TEE, De Lange, R, Delgado, G, Denchev, CM, Denchev, TT, de Oliveira, NT, de Silva, NI, de Souza, FA, Dentinger, B, Devadatha, B, Dianese, JC, Dima, B, Diniz, AG, Dissanayake, AJ, Dissanayake, LS, Doğan, HH, Doilom, M, Dolatabadi, S, Dong, W, Dong, ZY, Dos Santos, LA, Drechsler-Santos, ER, Du, TY, Dubey, MK, Dutta, AK, Egidi, E, Elliott, TF, Elshahed, MS, Erdoğdu, M, Ertz, D, Etayo, J, Evans, HC, Fan, XL, Fan, YG, Fedosova, AG, Fell, J, Fernandes, I, Firmino, AL, Fiuza, PO, Flakus, A, Fragoso de Souza, CA, Frisvad, JC, Fryar, SC, Gabaldón, T, Gajanayake, AJ, Galindo, LJ, Gannibal, PB, García, D, García-Sandoval, SR, Garrido-Benavent, I, Garzoli, L, Gautam, AK, Ge, ZW, Gené, DJ, Gentekaki, E, Ghobad-Nejhad, M, Giachini, AJ, Gibertoni, TB, Góes-Neto, A, Gomdola, D, Gomes de Farias, AR, Gorjón, SP, Goto, BT, Granados-Montero, MM, Griffith, GW, Groenewald, JZ, Groenewald, M, Grossart, HP, Gueidan, C, Gunarathne, A, Gunaseelan, S, Gusmão, LFP, Gutierrez, AC, Guzmán-Dávalos, L, Haelewaters, D, Halling, R, Han, YF, Hapuarachchi, KK, Harder, CB, Harrington, TC, Hattori, T, He, MQ, He, S, He, SH, Healy, R, Herández-Restrepo, M, Heredia, G, Hodge, KT, Holgado-Rojas, M, Hongsanan, S, Horak, E, Hosoya, T, Houbraken, J, Huang, SK, Huanraluek, N, Hur, JS, Hurdeal, VG, Hustad, VP, Iotti, M, Iturriaga, T, Jafar, E, Janik, P, Jayalal, RGU, Jayasiri, SC, Jayawardena, RS, Jeewon, R, Jerônimo, GH, Jesus, AL, Jin, J, Johnston, PR, Jones, EBG, Joshi, Y, Justo, A, Kaishian, P, Kakishima, M, Kaliyaperumal, M, Kang, GP, Kang, JC, Karimi, O, Karpov, SA, Karunarathna, SC, Kaufmann, M, Kemler, M, Kezo, K, Khyaju, S, Kirchmair, M, Kirk, PM, Kitaura, MJ, Klawonn, I, Kolarik, M, Kong, A, Kuhar, F, Kukwa, M, Kumar, S, Kušan, I, Lado, C, Larsson, KH, Latha, KPD, Lee, HB, Leonardi, M, Leontyev, DL, Lestari, AS, Li, CJY, Li, DW, Li, H, Li, HY, Li, L, Li, QR, Li, WL, Li, Y, Li, YC, Liao, CF, Liimatainen, K, Lim, YW, Lin, CG, Linaldeddu, BT, Linde, CC, Linn, MM, Liu, F, Liu, JK, Liu, NG, Liu, S, Liu, SL, Liu, XF, Liu, XY, Liu, XZ, Liu, ZB, Lu, L, Lu, YZ, Luangharn, T, Luangsaard, JJ, Lumbsch, HT, Lumyong, S, Luo, L, Luo, M, Luo, ZL, Ma, J, Machado, AR, Madagammana, AD, Madrid, H, Magurno, F, Magyar, D, Mahadevan, N, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Maimaiti, Y, Malosso, E, Manamgoda, DS, Manawasinghe, IS, Mapook, A, Marasinghe, DS, Mardones, M, Marin-Felix, Y, Márquez, R, Masigol, H, Matočec, N, May, T, McKenzie, EHC, Meiras-Ottoni, A, Melo, RFR, Mendes, ARL, Mendieta, S, Meng, QF, Menkis, A, Menolli Jr, N, Mešić, A, Meza Calvo, JG, Mikhailov, KV, Miller, SL, Moncada, B, Moncalvo, JM, Monteiro, JS, Monteiro, M, Mora-Montes, HM, Moreau, PA, Mueller, GM, Mukhopadyay, S, Murugadoss, R, Nagy, LG, Najafiniya, M, Nanayakkara, CM, Nascimento, CC, Nei, Y, Neves, MA, Neuhauser, S, Niego, AGT, Nilsson, RH, Niskanen, T, Niveiro, N, Noorabadi, MT, Noordeloos, (Machiel E.), Norphanphoun, C, Nuñez Otaño, NB, O’Donnell, RP, Oehl, F, Olariaga, I, Orlando, FP, Pang, KL, Papp, V, Pawłowska, J, Peintner, U, Pem, D, Pereira, OL, Perera, RH, Perez-Moreno, J, Perez-Ortega, S, Péter, G, Phillips, AJL, Phonemany, M, Phukhamsakda, C, Phutthacharoen, K, Piepenbring, M, Pires-Zottarelli, CLA, Poinar, G, Pošta, A, Prieto, M, Promputtha, I, Quandt, CA, Radek, R, Rahnama, K, Raj, KNA, Rajeshkumar, KC, Rämä, T, Rambold, G, Ramírez-Cruz, V, Rasconi, S, Rathnayaka, AR, Raza, M, Ren, GC, Robledo, GL, Rodriguez-Flakus, P, Ronikier, A, Rossi, W, Ryberg, M, Ryvarden, LR, Salvador‑Montoya, CA, Samant, B, Samarakoon, BC, Samarakoon, MC, Sánchez-Castro, I, Sánchez-García, M, Sandoval-Denis, M, Santiago, ALCMA, Santamaria, B, Santos, ACS, Sarma, VV, Savchenko, A, Savchenko, K, Saxena, RK, Scholler, M, Schoutteten, N, Seifollahi, E, Selbmann, L, Selcuk, F, Senanayake, IC, Shabashova, TG, Shen, HW, Shen, YM, SilvaFilho, AGS, Simmons, DR, Singh, R, Sir, EB, Song, Chang-Ge, Souza-Motta, CM, Sruthi, OP, Stadler, M, Stchigel, AM, Stemler, J, Stephenson, SL, Strassert, JFH, Su, HL, Su, L, Suetrong, S, Sulistyo, B, Sun, YF, Sun, YR, Svantesson, Sten, Sysouphanthong, P, Takamatsu, S, Tan, TH, Tanaka, K, Tang, AMC, Tang, X, Tanney, JB, Tavakol, NM, Taylor, JE, Taylor, PWJ, Tedersoo, L, Tennakoon, DS, Thamodini, GK, Thines, M, Thiyagaraja, V, Thongklang, N, Tiago, PV, Tian, Q, Tian, WH, Tibell, L, Tibell, S, Tibpromma, S, Tkalčec, Z, Tomšovský, M, Toome-Heller, M, Torruella, G, Tsurykau, A, Udayanga, D, Ulukapi, M, Untereiner, WA, Uzunov, BA, Valle, LG, Van Caenegem, W, Van den Wyngaert, S, Van Vooren, N, Velez, P, Verma, RK, Vieira, LC, Vieira, WAS, Vizzini, A, Walker, A, Walker, AK, Wanasinghe, DN, Wang, CG, Wang, K, Wang, SX, Wang, XY, Wang, Y, Wannasawang, N, Wartchow, F, Wei, DP, Wei, XL, White, JF, Wijayawardene, NN, Wijesinghe, SN, Wijesundara, DSA, Wisitrassameewong, K, Worthy, FR, Wu, F, Wu, G, Wu, HX, Wu, N, Wu, WP, Wurzbacher, C, Xiao, YP, Xiong, YR, Xu, LJ, Xu, R, Xu, RF, Xu, RJ, Xu, TM, Yakovchenko, L, Yan, JY, Yang, H, Yang, J, Yang, ZL, Yang, YH, Yapa, N, Yasanthika, E, Youssef, NH, Yu, FM, Yu, Q, Yu, YX, Yu, ZF, Yuan, HS, Yuan, Y, Yurkov, A, Zafari, D, Zamora, JC, Zare, R, Zeng, M, Zeng, NK, Zeng, XY, Zhang, F, Zhang, H, Zhang, JF, Zhang, JY, Zhang, QY, Zhang, SN, Zhang, W, Zhang, Y, Zhang, YX, Zhao, CL, Zhao, H, Zhao, Q, Zhao, RL, Zhou, LW, Zhou, M, Zhurbenko, MP, Zin, HH, Zucconi, L, Hyde, KD, Abdel-Wahab, MA, Abdollahzadeh, J, Abeywickrama, PD, Absalan, S, Afshari, N, Ainsworth, AM, Akulov, OY, Aleoshin, VV, Al-Sadi, AM, Alvarado, P, Alves, A, Alves-Silva, G, Amalfi, M, Amira, Y, Amuhenage, TB, Anderson, J, Antonín, V, Aouali, S, Aptroot, A, Apurillo, CCS, Araújo, JPM, Ariyawansa, HA, Armand, A, Arumugam, E, Asghari, R, Assis, DMA, Atienza, V, Avasthi, S, Azevedo, E, Bahkali, AH, Bakhshi, M, Banihashemi, Z, Bao, DF, Baral, HO, Barata, M, Barbosa, F, Barbosa, RN, Barreto, RW, Baschien, C, Belamesiatseva, DB, Bennett Reuel, M, Bera, I, Bezerra, JDP, Bezerra, JL, Bhat, DJ, Bhunjun, CS, Bianchinotti, MV, Błaszkowski, J, Blondelle, A, Boekhout, T, Bonito, G, Boonmee, S, Boonyuen, N, Bregant, C, Buchanan, P, Bundhun, D, Burgaud, G, Burgess, T, Buyck, B, Cabarroi-Hernández, M, Cáceres, MES, Caeiro, MF, Cai, L, Cai, MF, Calabon, MS, Calaça, FJS, Callalli, M, Cano-Lira, JF, Cantillo, T, Cao, B, Carlavilla, JR, Carvalho, A, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Castlebury, L, Castro-Jauregui, O, Catania, MDV, Cavalcanti, LH, Cazabonne, J, Cedeño-Sanchez, ML, Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S, Chaiwan, N, Chakraborty, N, Chaverri, P, Cheewangkoon, R, Chen, C, Chen, CY, Chen, KH, Chen, J, Chen, Q, Chen, WH, Chen, YP, Chethana, KWT, Coleine, C, Condé, TO, Corazon-Guivin, MA, Cortés-Pérez, A, Costa-Rezende, DH, Courtecuisse, R, Crouch, JA, Crous, PW, Cui, BK, Cui, YY, da Silva, DKA, da Silva, GA, da Silva, IR, da Silva, RMF, da Silva Santos, AC, Dai, DQ, Dai, YC, Damm, U, Darmostuk, V, Daroodi, Zoha, Das, K, Davoodian, N, Davydov, EA, Dayarathne, MC, Decock, C, de Groot, MD, De Kesel, A, dela Cruz, TEE, De Lange, R, Delgado, G, Denchev, CM, Denchev, TT, de Oliveira, NT, de Silva, NI, de Souza, FA, Dentinger, B, Devadatha, B, Dianese, JC, Dima, B, Diniz, AG, Dissanayake, AJ, Dissanayake, LS, Doğan, HH, Doilom, M, Dolatabadi, S, Dong, W, Dong, ZY, Dos Santos, LA, Drechsler-Santos, ER, Du, TY, Dubey, MK, Dutta, AK, Egidi, E, Elliott, TF, Elshahed, MS, Erdoğdu, M, Ertz, D, Etayo, J, Evans, HC, Fan, XL, Fan, YG, Fedosova, AG, Fell, J, Fernandes, I, Firmino, AL, Fiuza, PO, Flakus, A, Fragoso de Souza, CA, Frisvad, JC, Fryar, SC, Gabaldón, T, Gajanayake, AJ, Galindo, LJ, Gannibal, PB, García, D, García-Sandoval, SR, Garrido-Benavent, I, Garzoli, L, Gautam, AK, Ge, ZW, Gené, DJ, Gentekaki, E, Ghobad-Nejhad, M, Giachini, AJ, Gibertoni, TB, Góes-Neto, A, Gomdola, D, Gomes de Farias, AR, Gorjón, SP, Goto, BT, Granados-Montero, MM, Griffith, GW, Groenewald, JZ, Groenewald, M, Grossart, HP, Gueidan, C, Gunarathne, A, Gunaseelan, S, Gusmão, LFP, Gutierrez, AC, Guzmán-Dávalos, L, Haelewaters, D, Halling, R, Han, YF, Hapuarachchi, KK, Harder, CB, Harrington, TC, Hattori, T, He, MQ, He, S, He, SH, Healy, R, Herández-Restrepo, M, Heredia, G, Hodge, KT, Holgado-Rojas, M, Hongsanan, S, Horak, E, Hosoya, T, Houbraken, J, Huang, SK, Huanraluek, N, Hur, JS, Hurdeal, VG, Hustad, VP, Iotti, M, Iturriaga, T, Jafar, E, Janik, P, Jayalal, RGU, Jayasiri, SC, Jayawardena, RS, Jeewon, R, Jerônimo, GH, Jesus, AL, Jin, J, Johnston, PR, Jones, EBG, Joshi, Y, Justo, A, Kaishian, P, Kakishima, M, Kaliyaperumal, M, Kang, GP, Kang, JC, Karimi, O, Karpov, SA, Karunarathna, SC, Kaufmann, M, Kemler, M, Kezo, K, Khyaju, S, Kirchmair, M, Kirk, PM, Kitaura, MJ, Klawonn, I, Kolarik, M, Kong, A, Kuhar, F, Kukwa, M, Kumar, S, Kušan, I, Lado, C, Larsson, KH, Latha, KPD, Lee, HB, Leonardi, M, Leontyev, DL, Lestari, AS, Li, CJY, Li, DW, Li, H, Li, HY, Li, L, Li, QR, Li, WL, Li, Y, Li, YC, Liao, CF, Liimatainen, K, Lim, YW, Lin, CG, Linaldeddu, BT, Linde, CC, Linn, MM, Liu, F, Liu, JK, Liu, NG, Liu, S, Liu, SL, Liu, XF, Liu, XY, Liu, XZ, Liu, ZB, Lu, L, Lu, YZ, Luangharn, T, Luangsaard, JJ, Lumbsch, HT, Lumyong, S, Luo, L, Luo, M, Luo, ZL, Ma, J, Machado, AR, Madagammana, AD, Madrid, H, Magurno, F, Magyar, D, Mahadevan, N, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Maimaiti, Y, Malosso, E, Manamgoda, DS, Manawasinghe, IS, Mapook, A, Marasinghe, DS, Mardones, M, Marin-Felix, Y, Márquez, R, Masigol, H, Matočec, N, May, T, McKenzie, EHC, Meiras-Ottoni, A, Melo, RFR, Mendes, ARL, Mendieta, S, Meng, QF, Menkis, A, Menolli Jr, N, Mešić, A, Meza Calvo, JG, Mikhailov, KV, Miller, SL, Moncada, B, Moncalvo, JM, Monteiro, JS, Monteiro, M, Mora-Montes, HM, Moreau, PA, Mueller, GM, Mukhopadyay, S, Murugadoss, R, Nagy, LG, Najafiniya, M, Nanayakkara, CM, Nascimento, CC, Nei, Y, Neves, MA, Neuhauser, S, Niego, AGT, Nilsson, RH, Niskanen, T, Niveiro, N, Noorabadi, MT, Noordeloos, (Machiel E.), Norphanphoun, C, Nuñez Otaño, NB, O’Donnell, RP, Oehl, F, Olariaga, I, Orlando, FP, Pang, KL, Papp, V, Pawłowska, J, Peintner, U, Pem, D, Pereira, OL, Perera, RH, Perez-Moreno, J, Perez-Ortega, S, Péter, G, Phillips, AJL, Phonemany, M, Phukhamsakda, C, Phutthacharoen, K, Piepenbring, M, Pires-Zottarelli, CLA, Poinar, G, Pošta, A, Prieto, M, Promputtha, I, Quandt, CA, Radek, R, Rahnama, K, Raj, KNA, Rajeshkumar, KC, Rämä, T, Rambold, G, Ramírez-Cruz, V, Rasconi, S, Rathnayaka, AR, Raza, M, Ren, GC, Robledo, GL, Rodriguez-Flakus, P, Ronikier, A, Rossi, W, Ryberg, M, Ryvarden, LR, Salvador‑Montoya, CA, Samant, B, Samarakoon, BC, Samarakoon, MC, Sánchez-Castro, I, Sánchez-García, M, Sandoval-Denis, M, Santiago, ALCMA, Santamaria, B, Santos, ACS, Sarma, VV, Savchenko, A, Savchenko, K, Saxena, RK, Scholler, M, Schoutteten, N, Seifollahi, E, Selbmann, L, Selcuk, F, Senanayake, IC, Shabashova, TG, Shen, HW, Shen, YM, SilvaFilho, AGS, Simmons, DR, Singh, R, Sir, EB, Song, Chang-Ge, Souza-Motta, CM, Sruthi, OP, Stadler, M, Stchigel, AM, Stemler, J, Stephenson, SL, Strassert, JFH, Su, HL, Su, L, Suetrong, S, Sulistyo, B, Sun, YF, Sun, YR, Svantesson, Sten, Sysouphanthong, P, Takamatsu, S, Tan, TH, Tanaka, K, Tang, AMC, Tang, X, Tanney, JB, Tavakol, NM, Taylor, JE, Taylor, PWJ, Tedersoo, L, Tennakoon, DS, Thamodini, GK, Thines, M, Thiyagaraja, V, Thongklang, N, Tiago, PV, Tian, Q, Tian, WH, Tibell, L, Tibell, S, Tibpromma, S, Tkalčec, Z, Tomšovský, M, Toome-Heller, M, Torruella, G, Tsurykau, A, Udayanga, D, Ulukapi, M, Untereiner, WA, Uzunov, BA, Valle, LG, Van Caenegem, W, Van den Wyngaert, S, Van Vooren, N, Velez, P, Verma, RK, Vieira, LC, Vieira, WAS, Vizzini, A, Walker, A, Walker, AK, Wanasinghe, DN, Wang, CG, Wang, K, Wang, SX, Wang, XY, Wang, Y, Wannasawang, N, Wartchow, F, Wei, DP, Wei, XL, White, JF, Wijayawardene, NN, Wijesinghe, SN, Wijesundara, DSA, Wisitrassameewong, K, Worthy, FR, Wu, F, Wu, G, Wu, HX, Wu, N, Wu, WP, Wurzbacher, C, Xiao, YP, Xiong, YR, Xu, LJ, Xu, R, Xu, RF, Xu, RJ, Xu, TM, Yakovchenko, L, Yan, JY, Yang, H, Yang, J, Yang, ZL, Yang, YH, Yapa, N, Yasanthika, E, Youssef, NH, Yu, FM, Yu, Q, Yu, YX, Yu, ZF, Yuan, HS, Yuan, Y, Yurkov, A, Zafari, D, Zamora, JC, Zare, R, Zeng, M, Zeng, NK, Zeng, XY, Zhang, F, Zhang, H, Zhang, JF, Zhang, JY, Zhang, QY, Zhang, SN, Zhang, W, Zhang, Y, Zhang, YX, Zhao, CL, Zhao, H, Zhao, Q, Zhao, RL, Zhou, LW, Zhou, M, Zhurbenko, MP, Zin, HH, and Zucconi, L

Abstract

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and funguslike taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, ‘to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation’, or ‘are there too many genera in the Boletales?’ and even more importantly, ‘what should be done with the tremendously diverse ‘dark fungal taxa?’ There are undeniable differences in mycologists’ perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based o

Published
2023
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25. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author

Hyde, K. D., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P. D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A. M., Akulov, O. Y., Aleoshin, V. V., Al-Sadi, A. M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T. B., Anderson, J. L., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C. C. S., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D. M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A. H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D. F., Baral, H. O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F. R., Barbosa, R. N., Barreto, R. W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D. B., Reuel, M. Bennett, Bera, I., Bezerra, J. D. P., Bezerra, J. L., Bhat, D. J., Bhunjun, C. S., Bianchinotti, M. V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M. E. S., Caeiro, M. F., Cai, L., Cai, M. F., Calabon, M. S., Calaça, F. J. S., Callalli, M., Camara, M. P. S., Cano-Lira, J. F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J. R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M. D., Cavalcanti, L. H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M. L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C. Y., Chen, K. H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W. H., Chen, Y. P., Chethana, K. W. T., Coleine, C., Condé, T. O., Corazon-Guivin, M. A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D. H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J. A., Crous, P. W., Cui, B. K., Cui, Y. Y., da Silva, D. K. A., da Silva, G. A., da Silva, I. R., da Silva, R. M. F., da Silva Santos, A. C., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Zoha, Daroodi, Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E. A., Dayarathne, M. C., Decock, C., de Groot, M. D., De Kesel, A., de la Cruz, T. E. E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C. M., Denchev, T. T., de Oliveira, N. T., de Silva, N. I., de Souza, F. A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J. C., Dima, B., Diniz, A. G., Dissanayake, A. J., Dissanayake, L. S., Doğan, H. H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z. Y., Dos Santos, L. A., Drechsler-Santos, E. R., Du, T. Y., Dubey, M. K., Dutta, A. K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T. F., Elshahed, M. S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H. C., Fan, X. L., Fan, Y. G., Fedosova, A. G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A. L., Fiuza, P. O., Flakus, A., de Souza, C. A.Fragoso, Frisvad, J. C., Fryar, S. C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A. J., Galindo, L. J., Gannibal, P. B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S. R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A. K., Ge, Z. W., Gené, D. J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A. J., Gibertoni, T. B., Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., de Farias, A. R. Gomes, Gorjón, S. P., Goto, B. T., Granados-Montero, M. M., Griffith, G. W., Groenewald, J. Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H. P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L. F.P., Gutierrez, A. C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y. F., Hapuarachchi, K. K., Harder, C. B., Harrington, T. C., Hattori, T., He, M. Q., He, S., He, S. H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K. T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S. K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J. S., Hurdeal, V. G., Hustad, V. P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jany, J. L., Jayalal, R. G.U., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G. H., Jesus, A. L., Jin, J., Johnston, P. R., Jones, E. B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G. P., Kang, J. C., Karakehian, J. M., Karimi, O., Karpov, S. A., Karunarathna, S. C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P. M., Kitaura, M. J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K. H., Latha, K. P.D., Lee, H. B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D. L., Lestari, A. S., Li, C. J.Y., Li, D. W., Li, H. Y., Li, L., Li, Q. R., Li, W. L., Li, Y., Li, Y. C., Liao, C. F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y. W., Lin, C. G., Linaldeddu, B. T., Linde, C. C., Linn, M. M., Liu, F., Liu, J. K., Liu, N. G., Liu, S., Liu, X. F., Liu, X. Z., Liu, Z. B., Lu, L., Lu, Y. Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lumbsch, H. T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z. L., Ma, J., Machado, A. R., Madagammana, A. D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D. S., Manawasinghe, I. S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D. S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, T. W., McKenzie, E. H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R. F.R., Mendes-Alvarenga, R. L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q. F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N., Mešić, A., Calvo, J. G.Meza, Mikhailov, K. V., Miller, S. L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J. M., Monteiro, J. S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H. M., Moreau, P. A., Mueller, G. M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L. G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C. M., Nascimento, C. C., Nei, Y., Neves, M. A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A. G.T., Nilsson, R. H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M. T., Noordeloos, M. E., Norphanphoun, C., Otaño, N. B.Nuñez, O’Donnell, R. P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, O. P., Pang, K. L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, O. L., Perera, R. H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A. J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C. L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C. A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K. N.A., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Rämä, T., Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A. R., Raza, M., Ren, G. C., Robledo, G. L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L. R., Salvador-Montoya, C. A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B. C., Samarakoon, M. C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santamaria, B., Santiago, A. L.C.M.A., Sarma, V. V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R. K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, L., Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I. C., Shabashova, T. G., Shen, H. W., Shen, Y. M., Silva-Filho, A. G.S., Simmons, D. R., Singh, R., Sir, E. B., Song, C. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sruthi, O. P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A. M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S. L., Strassert, J. F.H., Su, H. L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y. R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T. H., Tanaka, K., Tang, A. M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J. B., Tavakol, N. M., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D. S., Thamodini, G. K., Thines, M., Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P. V., Tian, Q., Tian, W. H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, D., Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W. A., Uzunov, B. A., Valle, L. G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R. K., Vieira, L. C., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A. K., Wanasinghe, D. N., Wang, C. G., Wang, K., Wang, S. X., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D. P., Wei, X. L., White, J. F., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wijesinghe, S. N., Wijesundara, D. S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F. R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H. X., Wu, N., Wu, W. P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y. P., Xiong, Y. R., Xu, B., Xu, L. J., Xu, R., Xu, T. M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J. Y., Yang, H. D., Yang, J., Yang, Z. L., Yang, Y. H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N. H., Yu, F. M., Yu, Q., Yu, X. D., Yu, Y. X., Yu, Z. F., Yuan, H. S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, A., Zafari, D., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zeng, M., Zeng, N. K., Zeng, X. Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J. F., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, Q. Y., Zhang, S. N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C. L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. L., Zhou, L. W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M. P., Zin, H. H., Zucconi, L., Hyde, K. D., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P. D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A. M., Akulov, O. Y., Aleoshin, V. V., Al-Sadi, A. M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T. B., Anderson, J. L., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C. C. S., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D. M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A. H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D. F., Baral, H. O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F. R., Barbosa, R. N., Barreto, R. W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D. B., Reuel, M. Bennett, Bera, I., Bezerra, J. D. P., Bezerra, J. 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F., da Silva Santos, A. C., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Zoha, Daroodi, Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E. A., Dayarathne, M. C., Decock, C., de Groot, M. D., De Kesel, A., de la Cruz, T. E. E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C. M., Denchev, T. T., de Oliveira, N. T., de Silva, N. I., de Souza, F. A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J. C., Dima, B., Diniz, A. G., Dissanayake, A. J., Dissanayake, L. S., Doğan, H. H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z. Y., Dos Santos, L. A., Drechsler-Santos, E. R., Du, T. Y., Dubey, M. K., Dutta, A. K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T. F., Elshahed, M. S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H. C., Fan, X. L., Fan, Y. G., Fedosova, A. G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A. L., Fiuza, P. O., Flakus, A., de Souza, C. A.Fragoso, Frisvad, J. C., Fryar, S. C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A. J., Galindo, L. J., Gannibal, P. B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S. R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A. K., Ge, Z. W., Gené, D. J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A. J., Gibertoni, T. B., Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., de Farias, A. R. Gomes, Gorjón, S. P., Goto, B. T., Granados-Montero, M. M., Griffith, G. W., Groenewald, J. Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H. P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L. F.P., Gutierrez, A. C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y. F., Hapuarachchi, K. K., Harder, C. B., Harrington, T. C., Hattori, T., He, M. Q., He, S., He, S. H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K. T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S. K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J. S., Hurdeal, V. G., Hustad, V. P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jany, J. L., Jayalal, R. G.U., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G. H., Jesus, A. L., Jin, J., Johnston, P. R., Jones, E. B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G. P., Kang, J. C., Karakehian, J. M., Karimi, O., Karpov, S. A., Karunarathna, S. C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P. M., Kitaura, M. J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K. H., Latha, K. P.D., Lee, H. B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D. L., Lestari, A. S., Li, C. J.Y., Li, D. W., Li, H. Y., Li, L., Li, Q. R., Li, W. L., Li, Y., Li, Y. C., Liao, C. F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y. W., Lin, C. G., Linaldeddu, B. T., Linde, C. C., Linn, M. M., Liu, F., Liu, J. K., Liu, N. G., Liu, S., Liu, X. F., Liu, X. Z., Liu, Z. B., Lu, L., Lu, Y. Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lumbsch, H. T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z. L., Ma, J., Machado, A. R., Madagammana, A. D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D. S., Manawasinghe, I. S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D. S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, T. W., McKenzie, E. H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R. F.R., Mendes-Alvarenga, R. L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q. F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N., Mešić, A., Calvo, J. G.Meza, Mikhailov, K. V., Miller, S. L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J. M., Monteiro, J. S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H. M., Moreau, P. A., Mueller, G. M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L. G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C. M., Nascimento, C. C., Nei, Y., Neves, M. A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A. G.T., Nilsson, R. H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M. T., Noordeloos, M. E., Norphanphoun, C., Otaño, N. B.Nuñez, O’Donnell, R. P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, O. P., Pang, K. L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, O. L., Perera, R. H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A. J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C. L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C. A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K. N.A., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Rämä, T., Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A. R., Raza, M., Ren, G. C., Robledo, G. L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L. R., Salvador-Montoya, C. A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B. C., Samarakoon, M. C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santamaria, B., Santiago, A. L.C.M.A., Sarma, V. V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R. K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, L., Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I. C., Shabashova, T. G., Shen, H. W., Shen, Y. M., Silva-Filho, A. G.S., Simmons, D. R., Singh, R., Sir, E. B., Song, C. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sruthi, O. P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A. M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S. L., Strassert, J. F.H., Su, H. L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y. R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T. H., Tanaka, K., Tang, A. M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J. B., Tavakol, N. M., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D. S., Thamodini, G. K., Thines, M., Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P. V., Tian, Q., Tian, W. H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, D., Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W. A., Uzunov, B. A., Valle, L. G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R. K., Vieira, L. C., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A. K., Wanasinghe, D. N., Wang, C. G., Wang, K., Wang, S. X., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D. P., Wei, X. L., White, J. F., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wijesinghe, S. N., Wijesundara, D. S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F. R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H. X., Wu, N., Wu, W. P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y. P., Xiong, Y. R., Xu, B., Xu, L. J., Xu, R., Xu, T. M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J. Y., Yang, H. D., Yang, J., Yang, Z. L., Yang, Y. H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N. H., Yu, F. M., Yu, Q., Yu, X. D., Yu, Y. X., Yu, Z. F., Yuan, H. S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, A., Zafari, D., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zeng, M., Zeng, N. K., Zeng, X. Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J. F., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, Q. Y., Zhang, S. N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C. L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. L., Zhou, L. W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M. P., Zin, H. H., and Zucconi, L.

Abstract

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, 'to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation', or 'are there too many genera in the Boletales?' and even more importantly, 'what should be done with the tremendously diverse 'dark fungal taxa?' There are undeniable differences in mycologists' perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee

Published
2023

31. Anthracycline versus no anthracycline neoadjuvant therapy for HER2 breast cancer: real world evidence

Author

Soares De Pinho, I., primary, Simão, D., additional, Roldán Galanares, M., additional, Lopes-Brás, R., additional, Patel, V., additional, Esperança-Martins, M., additional, Gonçalves, L., additional, Alves, L., additional, Fernandes, I., additional, Gamez Casado, S., additional, Artacho Criado, S., additional, Baena Cañada, J., additional, Costa, J., additional, Fernandes, A.S., additional, Teixeira de Sousa, R., additional, Costa, L., additional, and Luz, P., additional

Published
2022
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33. Flow-status and survival in severe aortic stenosis treated with TAVI – is flow rate superior to stroke volume index?

Author

Santos Ferreira, D A, primary, Fernandes, I, additional, Diaz, S, additional, Saraiva, F, additional, Guerreiro, C, additional, Brandao, M, additional, Silva, G, additional, Silva, M, additional, Sampaio, F, additional, Pires-Morais, G, additional, Melica, B, additional, Santos, L, additional, Rodrigues, A, additional, Braga, P, additional, and Fontes-Carvalho, R, additional

Published
2022
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35. Functional status following pulmonary rehabilitation in people with AECOPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Santos, A., Fernandes, I., Rodrigues, G., Oliveira, A., and Marques, A.

Subjects
Pulmonary rehabilitation, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Activities of daily living, Functional status
Abstract

Introduction: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) lead to a decline not only in the patient’s lung function but also in other important health domains, such as functional status. Functional status includes functional capacity and functional performance. Functional capacity refers to one’s maximal potential to realize a functional activity in a standardized environment. Functional performance refers to the activities people actually do during their daily life. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is fundamental for COPD management, however, its effectiveness in improving the functional status (capacity and performance) during and after AECOPD is less known. Objectives: To systematize the effects of PR in the functional status (capacity and performance) during or immediately after an AECOPD. Methods: This systematic review was registered (no. CRD42022298593). Systematic searches for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PR (with, at least, exercise training and education and/or psychosocial support) with usual care in people during and/or after AECOPD were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. Two independent reviewers assessed the titles, abstracts and full text of studies, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias with the Risk of Bias 2 tool. Mean and standardized differences (MD/SMD) were calculated to synthesize results. A statistical random effects model was applied in the meta-analysis. Results: Eight studies were included. The total number of participants was 533, with an age range of 58-74 years and an FEV1%predicted of 35-56%pred. PR was conducted in inpatient (n = 3), outpatient (n = 4) and inpatient/outpatient (n = 1) settings with varying durations and frequencies. Functional capacity was assessed with six measures, the six-minute walk test (6MWT) (n = 3), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) (n = 2), the 2-minute walk test (2MWT) (n = 1), 5-repetition sit-to-stand test (5 STS) (n = 1), 30-second sit-to-stand test (30sec STS) (n = 1), and timed up and go (TUG) (n = 1). Functional performance was assessed with four measures, the functional independence measure (FIM) (n = 1), london chest activity of daily living (LCADL) (n = 1), activity of daily living dyspnoea (ADL-D) (n = 1) and stepwatch activity monitor (steps/day) (n = 1). Significant improvements were observed in functional capacity, measured with the 6MWT (n = 159, MD 91.5, 95%CI [23.5; 159.5], p = 0.008) after outpatient and in TUG (n = 32, MD -2.2, 95%CI [-3.9; -0.5], p = 0.009) after inpatient PR in the EG compared to CG. Functional performance, measured with the ADL-D and the LCADL (n = 160, SMD 1.0, 95%CI [0.8; 1.2], p < 0.0001), as well as with the FIM (n = 44, MD 7.5, 95%CI [2.1; 12.8], p = 0.006), improved significantly after inpatient PR in comparison to usual care. No other significant between-group differences were observed for functional capacity or performance. Conclusions: Pulmonary rehabilitation improves functional status during or immediately after an AECOPD. Nevertheless, few studies with small samples and high heterogeneity of outcome measures and interventions exist, which hinders conclusions. Functional performance is less assessed than functional capacity. Inclusion of both is fundamental to tailor PR in AECOPD and ensure benefits translate not just to what people can, but also do in their daily life. published

Published
2022

37. Wine

Author

Fernandes, I., primary, Pérez-Gregorio, R., additional, Soares, S., additional, Mateus, N., additional, and De Freitas, V., additional

Published
2017
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38. List of Contributors

Author

Abriouel, H., primary, Aguilera, Y., additional, Amigo, L., additional, Beena, D.J., additional, Benítez-Páez, A., additional, Benítez, V., additional, Benomar, N., additional, Bou, R., additional, Cerezo, A.B., additional, Chung, S.H., additional, Ciesarová, Z., additional, Coda, R., additional, Cofrades, S., additional, Coton, M., additional, Curiel, J.A., additional, Daniel, N., additional, De Freitas, V., additional, de las Rivas, B., additional, Diana, M., additional, Escalante, A., additional, Esteban-Torres, M., additional, Fernandes, I., additional, Fernandez, M.A., additional, Figueroa, L.M., additional, Frias, J., additional, Gálvez, A., additional, Garcia-Parrilla, M.C., additional, Gobbetti, M., additional, Gómez-Guillén, M.C., additional, González-SanJosé, M.L., additional, Gürsoy, O., additional, Gutiérrez-Uribe, J.A., additional, Hernández-Ledesma, B., additional, Ismail, B., additional, Jeong, J.-K., additional, Jiménez-Colmenero, F., additional, Karovičová, J., additional, Kesenkaş, H., additional, Kim, D.-H., additional, Kim, H.-Y., additional, Kim, M., additional, Knapp, C.W., additional, Kohajdová, Z., additional, Landete, J.M., additional, Le Barz, M., additional, López de Felipe, F., additional, López-Caballero, M.E., additional, López-Expósito, I., additional, Magala, M., additional, Mani, V., additional, Marette, A., additional, Martín-Cabrejas, M.A., additional, Martín-del-Campo, S.T., additional, Martínez-Álvarez, O., additional, Martinez-Villaluenga, C., additional, Martín, J.F., additional, Mas, A., additional, Mateus, N., additional, Mikušová, L., additional, Ming, L.C., additional, Miralles, B., additional, Montero, P., additional, Muñoz, R., additional, Nampoothiri, K.M., additional, Özbaş, H., additional, Park, K.-Y., additional, Patel, S., additional, Peñas, E., additional, Peres, C., additional, Peres, C.M., additional, Pérez-Gregorio, R., additional, Picard-Deland, É., additional, Quílez, J., additional, Reiter, R.J., additional, Reverón, I., additional, Rizzello, C.G., additional, Rodríguez, H., additional, Rodríguez, P.M., additional, Ryan, E.P., additional, Santamaría, L., additional, Sanz, Y., additional, Schmid, A., additional, Shukla, S., additional, Simon Sarkadi, L., additional, Soares, S., additional, Surma, M., additional, Torija, M.J., additional, Troncoso, A.M., additional, Valls-Bellés, V., additional, Vasanthakumari, D.S., additional, Walther, B., additional, Wilburn, J.R., additional, Xavier Malcata, F., additional, Zielińska, D., additional, and Zieliński, H., additional

Published
2017
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41. International Harmonization of Training and Qualification in the Manufacturing Industry

Author

Quintino, L., Fernandes, I., and Miranda, R. M.

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to propose a model for international harmonization of the training and qualification of human resources for industrial professions. The outcome is a system based on training guidelines and a quality assurance methodology that is now in use in 42 countries around the world. Design/methodology/approach: The paper describes the motivations that led to the development of the International System for the Training and Qualification of Welding Personnel. The structure of this system and the documents on which it is based are outlined. Findings: The approach used has gained wide international acceptance. The progress achieved is analysed in the final part of the paper. More than 150,000 qualifications have so far been awarded around the world. Practical implications: The need for a harmonized International System for the Training and Qualification of Welding Personnel has been recognized by industry and the authorities. The reference to this system in international standards and the general recognition of its reliability by stake holders is leading to its widespread use in more countries and by more professionals. Originality/value: The harmonized international system for the qualification of human resources in welding technology is unique in Europe. The methodology used has proved to be successful and can be benchmarked for application in human resources development for other professions. (Contains 5 figures.)

Published
2011
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42. Short isocapnic hyperoxia affects indices of vascular remodeling and intercellular adhesion molecules in healthy men

Author

Garcia, V P, Mattos, J D, Mentzinger, J, Leite, P E C, Rocha, H N M, Campos, M O, Rocha, M P, Mansur, D E, Secher, Niels H., Nóbrega, A C L, Fernandes, I A, Rocha, N G, Garcia, V P, Mattos, J D, Mentzinger, J, Leite, P E C, Rocha, H N M, Campos, M O, Rocha, M P, Mansur, D E, Secher, Niels H., Nóbrega, A C L, Fernandes, I A, and Rocha, N G

Abstract

In preparation for tracheal intubation during induction of anesthesia, the patient may be ventilated with 100% oxygen. To investigate the impact of acute isocapnic hyperoxia on endothelial activation and vascular remodeling, ten healthy young men (24±3 years) were exposed to 5-min normoxia (21% O2) and 10-min hyperoxia trials (100% O2). During hyperoxia, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) (hyperoxia: 4.16±0.85 vs normoxia: 3.51±0.84 ng/mL, P=0.04) and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) (hyperoxia: 8.40±3.84 vs normoxia: 5.73±2.15 pg/mL, P=0.04) increased, whereas matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) activity (hyperoxia: 0.53±0.11 vs normoxia: 0.68±0.18 A.U., P=0.03) decreased compared to the normoxia trial. We concluded that even short exposure to 100% oxygen may affect endothelial activation and vascular remodeling.

Published
2022

45. RILEM TC 258-AAA Round Robin Test: Alkali release from aggregates and petrographic analysis. Critical review of the test method AAR-8

Author

Menéndez, E., primary, Santos-Silva, A., additional, Fernandes, I., additional, Duchesne, J., additional, Berra, M., additional, De Weerdt, K., additional, Salem, Y., additional, García-Rovés, R., additional, Soares, D., additional, Fournier, B., additional, Mangialardi, T., additional, and Lindgård, J., additional

Published
2022
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50. Prognostic significance of AKT/mTOR signaling in advanced neuroendocrine tumors treated with somatostatin analogs

Author

Fernandes I, Pacheco TR, Costa A, Santos AC, Fernandes AR, Santos M, Oliveira AG, Casimiro S, Quintela A, Fernandes A, Ramos M, and Costa L

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Isabel Fernandes,1,2 Teresa R Pacheco,2 Adília Costa,3 Ana C Santos,2 Ana R Fernandes,3 Mara Santos,3 António G Oliveira,4 Sandra Casimiro,2 António Quintela,1 Afonso Fernandes,2 Madalena Ramos,3 Luís Costa1,21Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisboa, Portugal; 2Clinical and Translational Oncology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; 3Department of Pathology, Hospital Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisboa, Portugal; 4Department of Biostatistics, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova, Lisboa, PortugalIntroduction: Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are used as part of standard treatment for advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The mechanisms behind the antiproliferative action of SSAs remain largely unknown, but a connection with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been suggested. Our purpose was to evaluate the activation status of the AKT/mTOR pathway in advanced metastatic NETs and identify biomarkers of response to SSA therapy.Patients and methods: Expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphorylated (p)-AKT(Ser473), and p-S6(Ser240/244) was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in archival paraffin samples from 23 patients. Expression levels were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and progression-free survival under treatment with SSAs.Results: A positive association between p-AKT and p-S6 expression was identified (P = 0.01) and higher expression of both markers was observed in pancreatic NETs. AKT/mTOR activation was observed without the loss of PTEN expression. Tumors showing AKT/mTOR signaling activation progressed faster when treated with SSAs: higher expression of p-AKT or p-S6 predicted a median progression-free survival of 1 month vs 26.5 months for lower expression (P = 0.02).Conclusion: Constitutive activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway was associated with shorter time-to-progression in patients undergoing treatment with SSAs. Larger case series are needed to validate whether p-AKT(Ser473) and p-S6(Ser240/244) can be used as prognostic markers of response to therapy with SSAs.Keywords: mTOR pathway, neuroendocrine tumor, somatostatin analogs

Published
2012

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