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Adaptive learning is a teaching approach aiming to personalize the learning experience for each student. In Computer Science Education (CSE), Adaptive Learning Systems (ALS) can provide students with customized lessons, exercises, and assessments based on their previous knowledge, strengths, and weaknesses. Some literature reviews focus on adaptive learning techniques, but none specifically analyze the methods used in adaptive systems in CSE. Our overall objective is to identify the computing techniques that are implemented within ALS to provide adaptive computer education in higher education. We conducted a scoping review (SR) based on the Guidelines for performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering, defining six research questions and a search string. We performed searches in four databases, retrieving 512 documents. After applying the selection criteria, we selected 29 works. The results present quantitative and qualitative data from those 29 studies. Most research has used adaptive learning in programming education (12 articles) and databases (9 papers). Nine articles used learning styles as the core of adaptation, with the Felder-Silverman model being used by seven of them. The most commonly used approach was the rule-based system approach built by experts within the proposal, which was used in 17.24% of the articles. Clustering, collaborative filtering, fuzzy logic, and K-NN were used in 10.34% of the proposals. The positive aspect of "delivering adaptive content" was pointed out in seven articles. As for negative aspects, the problem of lack of student engagement was mentioned in four articles. This study discusses the application of dynamic and static models based on learning styles (LS) and the challenges involved in their use. Additionally, another aspect pointed out is that it is crucial to carefully consider pedagogical aspects in learning systems and have mixed development teams. The study also discusses student motivation and the use of gamification elements as a strategy to engage students in electronic learning systems. Finally, the results also indicate that the level of student knowledge is typically represented by a student model (SM), and the growing trend is the use of hybrid SMs. The research identified the most studied areas in ALS in CSE, such as computer programming and databases. The most common techniques used in ALS were rule-based systems built by experts, fuzzy logic, and clustering. The most common feature of ALS identified was learning resources, and the majority of studies focused on investigating the impact of system accuracy. This research can help researchers design better adaptive learning systems and understand challenges that need to be addressed.

Objetivo: conhecer o cuidado terapêutico dos agentes da pastoral da sobriedade junto aos dependentes químicos. Método: pesquisa exploratória e com abordagem qualitativa, realizada em comunidade religiosa de referência do estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre fevereiro e julho de 2019, mediante entrevista semiestruturada. A análise dos dados ocorreu pela Análise de Conteúdo sob à luz da Teoria de Expansão da Consciência. Resultados: o cuidado desenvolvido pela pastoral gera benefícios que não se restringem apenas aos dependentes e codependentes, mas também aos agentes da pastoral. Entretanto, percebeu-se algumas limitações desse cuidado, associadas ao número de agentes pastorais, ausência de parcerias com outras entidades e/ou pouca compreensão dos agentes frente ao programa dos 12 passos. Conclusão: evidencia-se a importância do fortalecimento desse cuidado, visto a dificuldade em alcançar/assistir esse grupo vulnerável na comunidade.

Developing a sustainable and environmentally friendly inhibitor remains an essential and challenging goal for corrosion control. Here, different extracts from the same biomass (Juçara - Euterpe edulis) were applied as a new inhibitor for mild steel in different corrosive medium: 1 mol L−1 HCl (pH 0) and simulated CO2-saturated formation water (pH 5). Depending on the extraction process, the anticorrosive capacity of extracts may increase, a fact verified in gravimetric tests, reaching 94.4% maximum inhibition efficiency for the acidic medium (1000 mg L−1 of Juçara pulp in 48 h of immersion) and 86.1% inhibition efficiency for the saline medium (600 mg L−1 of Juçara pulp extract assisted by ultrasound in 24 h of immersion). Gravimetric tests, electrochemical tests, and surface and biochemical characterization analyses were carried out to better understand these extracts' performance. This work provides an interesting application of the same biomass effectively acting in different corrosive medium, depending on the extraction method.

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Neste artigo, objetivou-se analisar as questões de ética em pesquisa que envolvem crianças da primeira infância (0-6 anos). Buscou-se descrever a abordagem das crianças como participantes, as metodologias empregadas e qual entendimento ético dos pesquisadores na pesquisa de campo quanto à vulnerabilidade de seus participantes, sob a seguinte indagação: É possível conhecer elementos presentes nas pesquisas que demonstram as atitudes éticas dos pesquisadores e suas preocupações? Paralelamente, realizou-se a revisão de literatura sobre os conceitos de criança, de sujeito vulnerável e de ética em pesquisa na primeira infância. Os dados apresentados, frutos da realização do estado de conhecimento de 28 artigos publicados em 11 periódicos da área de Educação no período de 2014-2023, até o presente momento, revelaram: 1) a prevalência do entendimento da perspectiva da criança como sujeito de direitos; 2) a predominância da metodologia etnográfica, limitando-se à interpretação da literatura existente sem gerar novas teorias ou inovações; 3) a ausência de uma percepção na caracterização das crianças como participantes da pesquisa; 4) a escuta paciente e sensível e ações e práticas pautadas nos princípios da responsabilidade e alteridade como melhor alternativa ética.

Abstract Phycocyanin (PC) is commercially exploited in various commercial sectors, as novel applications are developed rapidly. However, the state-of-the-art is difficult to define, given the extremely heterogeneous information available. Hence, this study aimed to perform a technological and scientific review on PC production from Spirulina (Arthrospira spp.), based on a bibliometric analysis of patents and research articles deposited from 2015 to 2023. To close the knowledge gap evidenced by the prospection, we optimized the instrumental conditions of microalgae cultivation, i.e., orbital agitation, culture volume, and cultivation time, for the production of PC. We assessed the color parameters and stability of the PC used as an ice cream colorant. The prospection highlighted rather diverse points of view between academia and the industry regarding PC production methods. The optimization showed a substantial impact of cultivation time on PC yield and purity. A purification step via precipitation was note necessary to obtain food-grade PC (purity > 0.7). Optimal experimental conditions were 180 rpm, 250 mL, and 14 days of cultivation. The ice cream colored using PC from the optimized cultivation conditions showed concentration-dependent color variations, without significant color losses for 90 days.

Abstract With widespread cultivation, Cucurbita moschata stands out for the carotenoid content of its fruits such as β and α-carotene, components with pronounced provitamin A function and antioxidant activity. C. moschata seed oil has a high monounsaturated fatty acid content and vitamin E, constituting a lipid source of high chemical–nutritional quality. The present study evaluates the agronomic and chemical–nutritional aspects of 91 accessions of C. moschata kept at the BGH-UFV and propose the establishment of a core collection based on multivariate approaches and on the implementation of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). ANNs was more efficient in identifying similarity patterns and in organizing the distance between the genotypes in the groups. The averages and variances of traits in the CC formed using a 15% sampling of accessions, were closer to those of the complete collection, particularly for accumulated degree days for flowering, the mass of seeds per fruit, and seed and oil productivity. Establishing the 15% CC, based on the broad characterization of this germplasm, will be crucial to optimize the evaluation and use of promising accessions from this collection in C. moschata breeding programs, especially for traits of high chemical–nutritional importance such as the carotenoid content and the fatty acid profile.

Introduction: Dengue is an asymptomatic infection or present symptoms like low fever to disabling high fever, severe headache, retroocular, muscle and joint pain, in addition to skin rashes, and if associated with COVID-19, it can worsen the illness condition. Objective: investigate the epidemiological evolution of dengue in the pre-pandemic, pandemic and post-pandemic periods from an American and Brazilian perspective. Methodology: descriptive study, based on the search for information in epidemiological bulletins, data from DATASUS and the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, in addition to articles available in databases provided by SciELO, ScienceDirect and Pubmed. Results: In the period before the pandemic, the high number of notifications was due to the DENV2 serotype, causing a large epidemic. In the years 2020-2021 there was a drop in the number of notifications due to the introduction of social and public health measures, misdiagnosis between the signs/symptoms of dengue and COVID-19, inaccurate serological tests and underreporting. In 2022 and 2023, the epidemiological scenario again points to increasing notification of dengue cases, mainly due to changes in routine vector control during the pandemic, combined with favorable environmental factors, such as increased rainfall. Conclusion: the neglect of both dengue fever and other diseases has negatively impacted the population today, since in order to mitigate the damage caused by the pandemic, actions to promote and prevent the health of endemic diseases in our territory, when placed in the background, have caused the underreporting of cases, influenced by changes in the political, economic and health spheres of society.

We report a facile hydrothermal method for the synthesis of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) under two different temperatures, 120 °C (Nb2O5-120) and 150 °C (Nb2O5-150). The obtained materials were characterized by structural, optical and morphological techniques. Also, the photocatalytic properties of the Nb2O5 samples were evaluated in two reactions under ultraviolet (UVC) irradiation: degradation of methylene blue (MB) and indigo carmine (IC) dyes; and esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) present in waste cooking oil (WCO). The Nb2O5 was formed at different temperatures of synthesis, and the increase in temperature did not cause significant changes in the structural and optical characteristics, but resulted in an increased surface area of the synthesized materials. Both synthesized materials showed excellent efficiency for dye photodegradation. The sample Nb2O5-150 presented the best performance for the MB photodegradation, with almost 85% of the removal efficiency. In this case, the adsorption of MB molecules on the surface of the material was high due to the favorable electrostatic interaction and also because of its high surface area. For the IC photodegradation, the adsorption was insignificant, and both samples presented approximately 100% of the removal efficiency. These materials were also promising for the reduction of free fat acids in waste oil by photoesterification.

Introduction: Coronavirus diasease 19 (COVID-19) is an infection caused by the new coronavirus - SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. The infection quickly spread throughout the world, establishing itself like a pandemic. Reports on secondary fungal co-infections in critically ill patients COVID-19 are still scarce and their dynamics are poorly understood. Candidemia is defined as the presence of Candida species in one or more blood cultures, being one of the most reported opportunistic fungal infections in intensive care units (ICU). Methods: Three databases were used for the literary search: Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus, including articles published between 2020 and 2021. Results: The incidence of candidemia in COVID-19 patients ranged up to 12% of COVID-19 reported cases. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species, followed by non-albicans species. The use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, corticosteroids, central venous catheters, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition, immunosuppressants such as tocilizumab and prolonged hospital stay were predisposing factors for the candidemia in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: There are strongly established risk factors that influence the establishment of candidemia in critically ill COVID-19 patients, which contributes to increased mortality in these patients. Finally, active surveillance by the medical team should be maintained for previous signs of fungal co-infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 contamination.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Bacterial cellulose (BC) has shown high capacity for the treatment of wounds and burns, providing a moisty environment. Calcium alginate can be associated with BC to create gels that aid in wound debridement and contribute to appropriate wound healing. This study is aimed at characterizing and evaluating the use of bacterial cellulose/alginate gel in skin burns in rats. Methods: Cellulose and cellulose/alginate gels were compared regarding the capacity of liquid absorption, moisture, viscosity, and potential cytotoxicity. The 2nd degree burns were produced using an aluminum metal plate (2.0cm) at 120ºC for 20s on the back of rats. The animals were divided into non-treated, CMC(Carboxymethylcellulose), Cellulose(CMC with bacterial cellulose), and Cellulose/alginate(CMC with bacterial cellulose and alginate). The animals received topical treatment 3 times/week. Biochemical (MPO, NAG and oxidative stress), histomorphometry and immunohistochemical assays (IL-1β IL-10 and VEGF) were conducted on the 14th, 21st, 28th, and 35th days. Results: Cellulose/Alginate gel showed higher absorption capacity and viscosity compared to Cellulose gel, with no cytotoxic effects. Cellulose/alginate presented lower MPO values, a higher percentage of IL-10, with greater and balanced oxidative stress profile. Conclusions: The use of cellulose/alginate gel reduced neutrophils and macrophage activation and showed greater anti-inflammatory response, which can contribute to healing chronic wounds and burns.

O precondicionamento isquêmico é uma técnica que utiliza breves momentos de isquemia seguidos por reperfusão. Algumas evidências sugerem benefícios no desempenho esportivo, mas os resultados são controversos devido a diferenças metodológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos do precondicionamento isquêmico aplicado 45 minutos antes de um teste submáximo de tempo até a exaustão em praticantes de Mountains Bike. O estudo foi conduzido com participantes saudáveis do sexo masculino, com idade de 36,9 ±8,1 anos, com experiência em treinamento. Foram realizadas duas intervenções, um protocolo de precondicionamento isquêmico verdadeiro (PCI) e um protocolo falso (SHAM), utilizado como controle, ambos com períodos de oclusão e reperfusão de 5min. Os participantes realizaram testes de tempo até a exaustão com carga correspondente a 75% da potência de pico. Os resultados mostraram que as variáveis TTE, FC6min e RMSSD não apresentaram diferenças, no entanto, os índices de VFC: Média RR 6min e LF/HF apresentaram diferenças significativas, com um tamanho de efeito considerável para LF/HF (p=0,021 e g=-1,33, IC95% -2,13 a -0,24). Para a PSE foi verificado que a maior parte dos participantes atribuiu uma nota menor na escala após a aplicação do PCI, quando comparado com aqueles que indicaram esforço maior ou igual. Conclui-se que a realização do precondicionamento isquêmico antes do teste submáximo pode reduzir a PSE e influenciar nas respostas do sistema nervoso autônomo. Esses achados podem ter implicações relevantes para o desempenho esportivo, embora mais pesquisas sejam necessárias para elucidar completamente os efeitos dessa técnica.

A Extensão Universitária é um importante veículo de comunicação entre a universidade e a sociedade, que visa a produção de conhecimentos e a interlocução das atividades acadêmicas de ensino e pesquisa, através de processos ativos de formação. Nesse sentido, a Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais – Unidade Frutal, tem colocado em prática diferentes iniciativas junto à comunidade externa, no sentido de estimular o interesse pelas ciências. Um dos momentos importantes dessa construção de conhecimento tem culminado nas Feiras de Ciências. Esse relato apresenta um conjunto de atividades desenvolvidas durante nove oficinas ofertadas para os docentes do ensino básico do Município de Frutal - MG. O intuito dessas oficinas é no sentido de auxiliar os professores do ensino fundamental e médio para o desenvolvimento de projetos de pesquisa. As oficinas foram conduzidas algumas semanas antes da II Feira de Ciências da UEMG – Frutal e contaram com a participação de 12 palestrantes de 7 instituições acadêmicas de ensino técnico ou superior, e 15 docentes do ensino básico do Município. As oficinas tiveram como principais metas proporcionar aos docentes: (i) uma autonomia maior na elaboração de projetos de pesquisa; (ii) o entendimento dos procedimentos técnico-metodológicos que compõem um projeto científico; e (iii) a compreensão da importância da padronização e apresentação do projeto científico. Espera-se que os resultados obtidos gerem uma maior e melhor participação desses professores nas próximas feiras de ciências, bem como a capacitação daqueles para a publicação de trabalhos científicos obtidos a partir de seus projetos escolares.

The spectrum of enzymes required for complete lignocellulosic waste hydrolysis is too diverse to be secreted by a single organism. An alternative is to employ fungal co-cultures to obtain more diverse and complete enzymatic cocktails without the need to mix enzymes during downstream processing. This study evaluated the co-cultivation of Aspergillus brasiliensis and Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 in different conditions using sugarcane bagasse as the carbon source. The resulting enzymatic cocktails were characterized according to the impact of strain inoculation time on enzymatic activities and proteome composition. Data revealed that the profile of each enzymatic extract was highly dependent on the order in which the participating fungi were inoculated. Some of the co-cultures exhibited higher enzyme activities compared to their respective monocultures for enzymes such as CMCase, pectinase, β-glucosidase, and β-xylosidase. Analysis of the T. reesei RUT-C30 and A. brasiliensis co-culture secretome resulted in the identification of 167 proteins, with 78 from T. reesei and 89 from A. brasiliensis. In agreement with the enzymatic results, proteome analysis also revealed that the timing of inoculation greatly influences the overall secretome, with a predominance of T. reesei RUT-C30 proteins when first inoculated or in simultaneous inoculation.

This work aimed to analyze the presence of four common molecules (diclofenac, dipyrone, ibuprofen, and paracetamol) in the Ipojuca River, in the stretch of Caruaru municipality (Brazil), and in a wastewater treatment plant that discharges treated water to the river. Collections were conducted for three months at each point during April, May, and June. The samples were collected in three repetitions (sample, replica, and triplicate). Through Pearson’s correlation, the correlation between ibuprofen and diclofenac concentration and rainfall in the region was also verified. These drugs were detected in 100% of the samples, with concentrations between 7.4–548.2 and 81.8–231.8 μg.L-1, respectively. Paracetamol and dipyrone were not detected. The observed high concentrations are due to the high consumption of drugs and the low rate of sewage collection in the municipality. Both analyzed drugs — ibuprofen and diclofenac — had insignificant correlation results with rainfall (-0.022 and -0.071, respectively). Regarding the drugs in the WWTP, the treatment consisting of anaerobic followed by aerated lagoons showed efficiency ranging from 35.9 to 93.6% in the removal of diclofenac. The removal of ibuprofen was higher in April (86.6%), but in the other two months, it did not prove to be efficient, evidencing the need to implement more adapted technologies in the removal of drugs combined with the network expansion for sewage collection in the region. A study with longer time monitoring is needed to understand the rainfall effect on drug concentration in the river.

Lima bean cultivation has not received proper national and regional attention by research agencies, impairing the knowledge of the agronomic characteristics and its potential, information that is essential for the selection and launching of superior genotypes. The objective of this work was to characterize the seeds of 17 lima bean genotypes produced by family farmers in Paraíba State. The characterization was based on the descriptors for Phaseolus lunatus. A completely randomized design was used with 15 replicates. Data were submitted to analysis of variance with a subsequent grouping of means by the Scott-Knott test at 1% of probability. For analysis of the genetic diversity, the Tocher method was used based on the generalized Mahalanobis distance. There is variability among the genotypes. According to the means test, genotype 10 has a higher seed length, width, and weight. Considering the diversity among the groups and aiming to select light-colored and higher means of the evaluated traits, the selection of genotypes 8, 13, 4, and 10 is recommended to establish a breeding program that satisfies both the consumer and the producer.

Materiais cimentícios de baixa densidade têm sido cada vez mais estudados visando à possibilidade de redução do peso das construções. Uma das formas de desenvolver esse tipo de material é através da utilização de agregados leves ou aditivos que, de forma direta ou indireta, permitem a incorporação de ar. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a influência da utilização da hidroxipropilmetilcelulose (HPMC) nas propriedades do estado fresco e endurecido de argamassas leves à base de vermiculita. Para tanto, realizaram-se os ensaios de resistência à compressão e à tração na flexão, absorção de água por imersão, densidade de massa, módulo de elasticidade e perda de água por evaporação. Os resultados indicam que a incorporação da HPMC produz uma argamassa de menor densidade de massa, refletindo em um material mais leve. Em decorrência do maior índice de vazios gerado, há uma redução na resistência mecânica, no módulo de elasticidade e aumento na absorção e na perda de água. Assim, foi possível concluir que a introdução da HPMC em argamassas com vermiculita tem potencial de utilização a fim de reduzir a densidade do material e manter consistência adequada para aplicação.

The study aimed to build and evaluate first evidence of validity of the Leader Emotional Intelligence Scale (LEIS), a measure that expects to measure four emotional intelligence abilities. Studies were conducted to seek evidence of content validity and internal structure through the use of item agreement indices, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Parallel analysis, Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and item-total correlation were used. In an initial version, 49 items were applied to 647 leaders. Four factors were obtained, as predicted theoretically, with good internal structure (α = 0.810; ω = 0.738). Ultimately, 48 items achieved a good result in the face of the analyses used and constituted the final version of the instrument. The application of EIEL in scientific research is indicated. Further studies are suggested to validate its factorial structure. The lack of greater control in relation to the bias of social desirability is highlighted.

Introduction. The conditions of teachers' work during the COVID-19 pandemic affected teachers' lives regarding voice disorder and stress, even in emergency remote classroom situation. Objective. To analyze the relationship between the presence of voice disorder, job stress, and COVID-19 in teachers when in emergency remote classroom teaching situation at the time of the pandemic. Method. This is a primary, exploratory, observational cross-sectional study with the use of survey forwarded online during the period of emergency classes after the arrival of COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The teachers answered the sociodemographic questions about the presence of COVID-19 and the following instruments: Condition of Vocal Production-Teacher [Condição de Produção Vocal - Professor (CPV-P)], Screening Index for Voice Disorder (SIVD), and Job Stress Scale (JSS). Results. Of the 118 teachers analyzed, 94.1% were female; the average age was 44 years. The SIVD recorded the presence of voice disorder in 66.9% of the participants. Regarding the JSS, which are the findings related to stress at work in the demand domain, the teachers showed high levels, a fact which presupposes the existence of pressure of psychological nature to perform their work. Conclusion. The teachers self-reported the presence of voice disorder even in remote class situation, on the occasion of COVID-19, which were more common in older teachers. When comparing the presence of voice disorders, coronavirus symptoms, and stress domains in relation to demand, control, and social support, there was no significance. It is hoped that this study will help to reflect on the need to improve teachers' working conditions, strengthening work-related voice disorder actions and guiding actions for vocal care and well-being.

Este artigo tem como objetivo de fazer um resgate sucinto do trajeto da inserção da extensão na universidade brasileira e demonstrar sua importância para a realização da função universitária de contribuir para o desenvolvimento cultural, tecnológico e social, local, regional e nacional, tomando como base a experiência desenvolvida por meio do projeto de extensão, intitulado Núcleo de Atendimento à Mulher (NAM), do Curso de Direito da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia-UESB. Neste sentido trata-se de um trabalho de cunho teórico e descritivo que tomou como base dispositivos constitucionais, textos legislativos e normas produzidas pela universidade, bem como a contribuição de autores que se debruçaram sobre a temática da extensão universitária no Brasil como, por exemplo, Noronha (2005; 2013), Paula (2013) e FORPROEX (1987; 2001; 2007 e 2012).